Terms : Hide Images
| 10596539073 | Afro-Eurasia |  | 0 | |
| 10596553333 | Andean South America |  | 1 | |
| 10596514581 | agrarian | advancement of agricultural groups (Synonyms: agricultural, rural) | 2 | |
| 10596477069 | archeology | the study of ancient cultures based on artifacts and other remains (Synonyms: excavation, paleontology) | 3 | |
| 10596510886 | aristocrats | a rich landowner or privileged person (Synonyms: noble) | 4 | |
| 10596485840 | artisans | a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand. (Synonyms: craftsman, craftswoman, crafts-person) | 5 | |
| 10596526480 | Assyria | This country used highly advanced military organization to acquire a large empire around 850 BC. | 6 | |
| 10609520394 | Aryans | Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization; militarized society. | 7 | |
| 10596525343 | Babylon | The largest and most important city in Mesopotamia. It achieved particular eminence as the capital of the king Hammurabi in the eighteenth century B.C.E. and the Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century B.C.E. | 8 | |
| 10609430662 | Babylonians | Unified all of Mesopotamia c. 1800 B.C.E.; empire collapsed due to foreign invasion c. 1600 B.C.E. | 9 | |
| 10743296799 | Bronze Age | From about 4000 B.C.E., when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 B.C.E., when iron began to replace it. | 10 | |
| 10596473696 | bureaucracies | a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. (Synonyms: civil service, government, administration, etc.) | 11 | |
| 10743258721 | Çatal Höyük | Early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; was larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification | 12 | |
| 10596536127 | Chavin | This culture appeared in the highlands of the Andes between 1800 and 1200 BCE; typified by ceremonial centers with large stone buildings; greatest ceremonial center was Chavin de Huantar; characterized by artistic motifs. | 13 | |
| 10607666687 | city-state | A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king. | 14 | |
| 10596522977 | civilization | Societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of non-farming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups. | 15 | |
| 10596502738 | climate region | large areas of the Earth that share similar climate, plants and animals (sometimes called biomes. Synonyms: humidity, temperature, altitude) | 16 | |
| 10596528620 | Code of Hammurabi | One of the first (but not the first) examples of written law. Established rules of procedure for courts of law and regulated property rights and the duties of family members, setting harsh punishments for crimes. | 17 | |
| 10596479560 | cultivation | preparing the land to grow crops; improvement for agricultural purposes (Synonyms: farming, gardening, horticulture, planting) | 18 | |
| 10596510887 | culture | Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people. (Synonyms: civilization, development, folklore, habit, knowledge, lifestyle, society, way of life) | 19 | |
| 10596527872 | cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. | 20 | |
| 10596483454 | demographics | statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it. (Synonyms: analytical, numerical) | 21 | |
| 10596513713 | disseminators | to scatter or spread widely, as though sowing seed (Synonyms: diffuse, circulate, disperse) | 22 | |
| 10596507352 | divine/divinity | of, from, or like God or a god. Synonyms: angelic, celestial, eternal, heavenly, holy | 23 | |
| 10596499161 | domesticated animals | animals that have been tamed and kept by humans as a work animal, food source, or pet. (Synonyms: control, development) | 24 | |
| 10596497692 | domesticated plants | plants that are cultivated for food (Synonyms: preparation, cultivation) | 25 | |
| 10596506503 | dynasty | A series of rulers from the same family (Synonyms: empire, regime) | 26 | |
| 10596539074 | Egypt | society was ruled by a pharaoh considered the incarnation of the sun god who controled acces to the Nile; they had hieroglyphics, the 365-day calender, they were polythestic and worshipped the dead |  | 27 |
| 10596509327 | elites | a select part of a group that is superior to the rest in terms of ability or qualities. (Synonyms: aristocracy, celebrity, establishment, society) | 28 | |
| 10596529382 | Epic of Gilgamesh | An epic poem from Mesopotamia. Reflects myths and stories that were told in ancient Sumeria. | 29 | |
| 10596536904 | Eurasia |  | 30 | |
| 10596499978 | forced-labor system | a system that forced people to work against their will. (Synonyms: slave labor, slave trade, unwilling servant) | 31 | |
| 10609466842 | Hammurabi | (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.) The most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law. | 32 | |
| 10596546338 | Harappa | Along with Mohenjodaro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern. |  | 33 |
| 10596536350 | Hebrews | A smaller early civilization whose development of a monotheistic faith that provided the foundation of modern Judaism, Christianity, and Islam assured them a significant place in world history | 34 | |
| 10596505926 | hierarchy | a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority. (Synonyms: order, ranking, chain of command) | 35 | |
| 10596531361 | hieroglyphs | pictures, characters, or symbols standing for words, ideas, or sounds; ancient Egyptians used instead of an alphabet like ours | 36 | |
| 10596488938 | historical evidence | The primary and secondary sources that support a historical argument. (Synonyms: actual, ancient, archival, factual, clue confirmation, data) | 37 | |
| 10743228829 | Homo sapiens sapiens | The humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period. | 38 | |
| 10596518305 | hunter-forager bands | a group of people who subsist by hunting, fishing, or foraging in the wild. | 39 | |
| 10743245220 | hunting and gathering | The original human economy, ultimately eclipsed by agriculture; groups hunt for meat and forage for grains, nuts, and berries. | 40 | |
| 10596518306 | Ice Age | a period of time during which glaciers covered a large part of the earth's surface | 41 | |
| 10609550255 | ideographs | Pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing. | 42 | |
| 10596536903 | Indo-European migration | group of seminomadic people who, about 1700 B.C., began to migrate from what is now southern Russia to the Indian subcontinent, Europe, & Southwest Asia | 43 | |
| 10596547136 | Indus River Valley | River sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization. |  | 44 |
| 10596492607 | irrigation system | a water control system that supplies water to the land (Synonyms: flooding, watering) | 45 | |
| 10609500905 | Kush | An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries. | 46 | |
| 10743530714 | Mahabharata | Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty; written down in the last centuries BCE; previously handed down in oral form | 47 | |
| 10596534184 | mandate from heaven | Chinese religious and political ideology developed by the Zhou, was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China. | 48 | |
| 10596549001 | Mesoamerica |  | 49 | |
| 10596539072 | Mesopotamia | Literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys |  | 50 |
| 10596542295 | Mohenjo-daro | Largest city of the Indus Valley civilization. It was centrally located in the extensive floodplain of the Indus River. Little is known about the political institutions of Indus Valley communities, but the large-scale implies central planning. | 51 | |
| 10596514582 | monotheism | The exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization. | 52 | |
| 10596521272 | Neolithic Age | The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished | 53 | |
| 10596637536 | Neolithic Revolution | The succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 B.C.E. | 54 | |
| 10596539606 | Nile River Valley |  | 55 | |
| 10596505927 | nomadic | Cattle- and sheep- herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian' by civilized societies. (synonyms: roaming, drifting, roving, traveling) | 56 | |
| 10596534185 | Olmec | People of a cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico c. 1200 B.C.E.; featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and writing systems. | 57 | |
| 10596517568 | Paleolithic period | The Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 B.C.E.; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence. (Significance: first use of crude tools) | 58 | |
| 10596519871 | pastoralists | nomads who kept herds of livestock on which they depended for most of their food | 59 | |
| 10596522976 | patriarchy/patriarchal | a form of social organization in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe and descent is reckoned in the male line, with the children belonging to the father's clan or tribe. | 60 | |
| 10596530303 | Pharaoh | means "head of house"; title of kings of Egypt | 61 | |
| 10685574861 | Phoenicians | Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughtout the Mediterranean. | 62 | |
| 10596516310 | polytheism | belief in more than one god (Synonyms: tritheism) | 63 | |
| 10609494407 | pyramids | monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs. | 64 | |
| 10743536509 | Ramayana | One of the great epic tales from classical India; traces adventures of King Rama and his wife, Sita; written 4th to 2nd centuries B.C.E. | 65 | |
| 10596502030 | ramifications | a consequence (Synonyms: consequence, outcome, result, aftermath, effect, upshot) | 66 | |
| 10596506502 | record-keeping | keeping records (Synonyms: documentation, recording, recounting) | 67 | |
| 10596501404 | sedentism | transition from nomadic lifestyle to a society that remains in one place permanently (Synonyms: settled way of life) | 68 | |
| 10596531362 | Shang | First Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished 1600 to 1046 B.C.E. | 69 | |
| 10596524132 | social stratification | the ranking of people in a vertical arrangement (hierarchy) that differentiates them as superior or inferior. | 70 | |
| 10596521892 | specialization of labor | As societies became larger, people no longer had to learn every single skill that was needed. Instead, each person could specialize in a different skill. | 71 | |
| 10596504574 | state | powerful new systems of rule that mobilized surplus labor and resources over large ares. (Synonyms: community, federation, land, nation, territory, union) | 72 | |
| 10596524744 | Sumer | The world's first civilization, founded in Mesopotamia, which existed for over 3,000 years. | 73 | |
| 10607677198 | Sumerians | People who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 4000 B.C.E.; created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states. | 74 | |
| 10596504575 | surplus | an amount of something left over when requirements have been met; an excess of production or supply over demand. (Synonyms: excess, surfeit, plethora) | 75 | |
| 10596500533 | technology transfers | transfer of new technology from origin to secondary user (Synonyms: passing technology) | 76 | |
| 10596541089 | Tigris and Euphrates |  | 77 | |
| 10743541556 | Upanishads | Later books of the Vedas; contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority | 78 | |
| 10596486994 | urban | in, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town (Synonyms: town, city, municipal, civic, metropolitan, built-up, inner-city, downtown, suburban, etc.) | 79 | |
| 11266571054 | Vedas | Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century B.C.E. | 80 | |
| 10596549000 | Yellow (Huange He) River Valley | site of development of sedentary agriculture in China. |  | 81 |
| 11266485924 | Zhou | originally a vassal family of the Shang; possibly Turkic-speaking in origin; overthrew Shang and established 2nd Chinese dynasty (1122-256 B.C.E.) | 82 | |
| 10596526481 | ziggurats | Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes. | 83 |
