(to 600 BCE)
Terms : Hide Images
| 10701716518 | Paleolithic period | Aka old Stone Age is an ancient cultural stage or level, of human development, characterized by the use of rudimentary chipped stone | 0 | |
| 10701716519 | Neolithic Revolution | Aka New Stone Age, final stage of cultural evolution or technological development among prehistoric humans | 1 | |
| 10701716520 | Patriarchal | Society, family, or system in which men have all or most of the power and importance | 2 | |
| 10701716521 | Nomadic pastoralists | People who move herds of animals from pasture to pasture | 3 | |
| 10701716522 | Domestication | A process to tame wild animals so they could be brought up to live with humans | 4 | |
| 10701716523 | Metallurgy | The science of the study of metals | 5 | |
| 10701716524 | Cuneiform | World's first writing system, which consisted of marks carved onto wet clay tablets; created by the Sumerians | 6 | |
| 10701716525 | Ziggurats | Sumerian built temples and alters in large stepped pyramids to honor the gods | 7 | |
| 10701716526 | Hammurabi's Code | A set of 282 laws that dealt with property rights, wages, contracts, marriage, and various crimes; main purpose was to protect people's rights; built on the idea of "an eye for an eye" | 8 | |
| 10701716527 | Kinship group | several related families that moved together in search of food | 9 | |
| 10701716528 | Clans | Larger group of relatives | 10 | |
| 10701716529 | Pharaoh | A king or queen leading ancient Egypt's strong central government | 11 | |
| 10701716530 | Monotheism | belief in one deity | 12 | |
| 10701716531 | Polytheism | Belief in many gods | 13 | |
| 10701716532 | Mandate of Heaven | the idea that a just ruler's power was bestowed by the gods | 14 | |
| 10701716533 | Epic of Gilgamesh | The oldest written story on earth composed on 12 clay tablets in cuneiform; it is based on the adventures of a real Sumerian king named Gilgamesh (who ruled city of Uruk between 2750 to 2500 BCE) | 15 | |
| 10701716534 | Jewish Diaspora | The spreading of Jews throughout the Mediterranean world and the Middle East | 16 | |
| 10701716535 | Desertification | the creation of desert-like conditions | 17 | |
| 10701716536 | Ancestor Veneration | A long tradition of the Chinese that began in the Shang Dynasty in which the ancient Chinese believed that the spirits of their ancestors could speak to the gods for them; they made offerings, hoping to win the ancestors favor | 18 | |
| 10702675497 | Homo sapiens sapiens | Modern humans, first appeared in East Africa between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago; labeled as hunter-foragers | 19 | |
| 10702675498 | Sumerians | Group of nomadic pastoralists that migrated into Mesopotamia and created a civilization of Sumer where they built cities, canals, and dams to control water; provided the core and the foundation of several other civilizations. | 20 | |
| 10702675499 | Dravidians | Indigenous peoples of the Indian subcontinent; who established two sophisticated urban centers in the Indus Valley: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro | 21 | |
| 10702675500 | Babylonians | Invaders who took control of Mesopotamia and built a capital city called Babylon; eventually would control a large territory that included diverse cultural groups called an empire | 22 | |
| 10702675501 | Assyrians | Civilization in northern Mesopotamia that had a strong army, in 900 BC controlled all of Fertile Crescent; invaded Egypt and the Hebrews | 23 | |
| 10702675502 | Indo-Europeans/Aryans | Indo-European speaking people originally from Central Asia, traveled from Persia through the Hindu Kush Mountains over a period of servers centuries beginning in 1500 BCE; they were nomadic pastoralists and brought the first horses to India | 24 | |
| 10702675503 | Bantu (migrations) | Migrated east and then south and carried their language with them and brought the technology and knowledge necessary to make iron into Southern Africa | 25 | |
| 10702675504 | Phoenicians | Occupied parts of present-day Lebanon, Israel and Jordan around 3000 B.C.E.; had strong sailing ships and developed a wide trade network across the Mediterranean Sea; they also developed an alphabetic script using symbols to represent sounds of speech | 26 | |
| 10702675505 | Hebrews | Lived in the region of Canaan (present day Israel, Palestine, and Lebanon); have sacred writings called the Hebrew Scriptures which Christians have traditionally referred to as the Old Testament | 27 | |
| 10702675506 | Chavin | Civilization that existed from around 1000 to 200 BCE along the coast of what is now Peru; they lived in valleys, grew cotton, maize, potatoes, quinoa; they developed impressive techniques in gold, silver, and copper metallurgy; their civilization dissolved into various regional groups | 28 | |
| 10702675507 | Olmec | The foundation or core of Mesoamerica advanced civilizations; their language, beliefs, art, and athletics influenced the later civilizations such as the Maya and the Aztec | 29 | |
| 10702675508 | Jews | Descendants of the Hebrews | 30 | |
| 10702675509 | Hittites | Invaders of Egypt who had an advantage over the Egyptians because they were beginning to use iron tools and weapons | 31 | |
| 10703101352 | Book of the Dead | A paper book that Egyptians put in the coffins of dead pharaohs and some nobles; each version of the book was different since it told the story of the dead person | 32 | |
| 10703101353 | Zoroastrianism | A religion, inspired by a teacher named Zoroaster in what is now Iran, which focused on the eternal battle between two forces, one good and one evil | 33 | |
| 10703101354 | Vedic religion/The Vedas | The religion of the Aryan people in northern India during the Vedic period; the vedas, Sanskrit for "knowledge," are a collection of Aryan religious hymns, poems, and songs | 34 | |
| 10703101355 | Animism/Shamans | 1. The belief that animals, rivers, and other elements of nature embody spirits 2. People believed to have special abilities to cure the sick and influence the future | 35 | |
| 10703101356 | Mesoamerica | Central America and what is now Mexico | 36 | |
| 10703101357 | Tigris and Euphrates River | Flow south from modern-day Turkey through what is now Iraq to empty into the Persian Gulf | 37 | |
| 10703101358 | Valley | an area of low land between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it; many civilizations developed here | 38 | |
| 10703101359 | Mesopotamia | Area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers which comes from the Greek word "between rivers"; because so many ancient civilizations arose there the region is also called "the cradle of civilization" | 39 | |
| 10703101360 | Catal Huyuk | An ancient city in present-day Turkey that was founded in 7500 B.C.E. along a river that has since dried up | 40 | |
| 10703101361 | Jericho | one of humankind's first cities; built on the west bank of the Jordan River | 41 | |
| 10703101362 | Indus River Valley | A valley and early civilization along the Indus River | 42 | |
| 10703101363 | Mohenjo-Daro | A major city of the Indus valley civilization; flourished around 2000 BCE; lays southwest of Harappa | 43 | |
| 10703101364 | Harappa | large ancient city of the Indus civilization, located in present-day Pakistan; lays northeast of mohenjo-daro | 44 | |
| 10703101365 | Sub-Saharan Africa | the part of Africa below the Sahara Desert | 45 | |
| 10703101366 | Nubia/Kush/Axum | Just south of Egypt, three ancient kingdoms developed. Though none were as wealthy as Egypt was at its peak, each prospered through regional trade along the Nile River, and carried on interregional trade across the Red Sea. | 46 | |
| 10703101367 | Huang He (Yellow River) | 2,400 miles long; connects China's northern interior to the Yellow Sea; the river takes its name from the deposits of loess, a type of fertile soil that is yellow in color | 47 | |
| 10703101368 | Austronesia | The vast region in the Pacific Ocean that includes New Guinea, Australia, Taiwan, and the Philippines (probably originated in southern China) | 48 |
