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AP World History Period 1 flashcards Flashcards

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9487032245Hunting and GatheringMeans of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization0
9487032246CivilizationSocieties with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups1
9487032247NeolithicThe New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished2
9487032248NomadsCattle- and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies3
9487032249CultureCombination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction4
9487032250Agrarian revolutionOccurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture5
9487032251PastoralismA nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies6
9487032252Catal HuyukEarly urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification7
9487032253Bronze AgeFrom 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing8
9487032254MesopotamiaLiterally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys9
9487032255SumeriansPeople who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states10
9487032256CuneiformA form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets11
9487032257City-stateA form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king12
9487032258ZigguratsMassive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections13
9487032259Babylonian EmpireUnified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E.14
9487032260HammurabiThe most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law15
9487032261PharaohThe term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; the term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs16
9487032262PyramidsMonumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs17
9487032263HieroglyphsForm of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform18
9487032264KushAfrican state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries19
9487032265MonotheismThe exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization20
9487032266PhoeniciansSeafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean21
9487032267Harappa and Mohenjo DaroMajor urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern22
9487032268AryansIndo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization23
9487032269Huanghe (Yellow) River BasinSite of the development of sedentary agriculture in China24
9487032270Shang1st Chinese dynasty25
9487032271OraclesShamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing26
9487032272Ideographic writingPictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing27
9487032273PaleolithicThe period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.28
9487032274EglitarianBelieving in the equality of all peoples29
9487032275Neolithic RevolutionGlobal conversion to agriculture over hunter-gatherer lifestyles30
9487032276PatriarchyA system of inequality organized around gender categories that privileges males31

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