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| 9871932014 | Magnetic Compass | Navigational tool developed by China under the Song Dynasty that allowed Arab and Persian sailors to travel across the Indian Ocean | 0 | |
| 9871941550 | Dhows | Sailing vessels with lateen sails made during the Roman Empire, utilized by the Arabs and Persians; helped spread Islam | 1 | |
| 9871951516 | Sternpost Rudder | An object used to steer a ship created by the Chinese | 2 | |
| 9871956999 | Lateen Sail | Triangular-shaped sail that improved upon the traditional square sail, invented in the Early Roman Empire and spread to Southeast Asia | 3 | |
| 9871976115 | Long-distance Trade | This type of trade improved dramatically during 600 BCE - 600 CE due to developments in new trade routes across Afro-Eurasia | 4 | |
| 9871986556 | Vladimir of Kiev | Russian Prince who converted to Orthodox Christianity in 989 CE as a result of his exposure to Byzantium, his subjects soon followed | 5 | |
| 9871992747 | Moscow | This Russian city was named the world's third Rome after Constantinople fell | 6 | |
| 9872010020 | Byzantine Empire | Empire that stretched across the Eastern Roman Empire that later lost Anatolia in 1071 and the Sack of Constantinople in 1453 | 7 | |
| 9872033484 | Hagia Sophia | Massive church built by Justinian I that was later turned into a mosque | 8 | |
| 9872036710 | Silk | The Byzantine Empire finally learned how to produce this material after they realized the importance of it | 9 | |
| 9872043636 | Code of Justinian | A set of Roman Laws codified by Justinian I called the Corpus Iuris Civillis (Body of the Civil Law) | 10 | |
| 9872060991 | Constantine | Roman Emperor who accepted Christianity in 313 CE and relocated the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople so he could be closer to his enemies in the East | 11 | |
| 9872076494 | Germanic Tribes | These people that included the Visigoths (Odoacer), Huns (led by Atilla the Hun), Ostrogoths, and the Vandals (Geiseric) all led to the downfall of the Roman Empire after Diocletian split Rome between East and West | 12 | |
| 9872110800 | Romulus Augustulus | Rome's last emperor who was forced to Abdicate to Odoacer | 13 | |
| 9872117395 | Silk Road | Major Trade Route that connected the Han and Roman empires in classical times that facilitated the trade of goods, ideas, and disease. Revived by the Tang, Song, and Mongols. | 14 | |
| 9872133882 | Jesus | Jewish prophet and teacher whose major teachings were proper worship of God and love for fellow man. Challenged Roman civic life, Crucified | 15 | |
| 9872153939 | Mediterranean Trade | Trade route that connected North Africa, Egypt, Sicily, Syria, Palestine, Spain, and Rome around this namesake sea | 16 | |
| 9872164659 | Twelve Tables | First record of Roman Law in 450 BCE where basic rights were established, especially to defendants in court | 17 | |
| 9872191298 | Pax Romana | "Roman Peace", age that lasterd two and half centuries that allowed the Roman Empire to experience a Golden Age | 18 | |
| 9872194538 | Julius Caesar | Dictator of the Roman Empire who conquered Gaul (Lex Vatinia) and fought a civil war against Pompey The Great (Battle of Pharsalus). Later executed in 44 BCE by his own Senate in an attempt to restore the republic. Led the way for Octavius to become Emperor | 19 | |
| 9872236365 | Sulla | Dictator of the Roman Empire who established himself as dictator after the Battle of Colline Gate; started a civil war leading the way for the rise of Pompey The Great | 20 | |
| 9872256625 | Roman Republic | Type of Government that replaced Monarchy in Rome; established social unrest between the lower classes (Plebians) and upper classes (Patricians). | 21 | |
| 9872278853 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher who was a disciple of Plato that rejected the theory of forms and ideas; believed people could depend on reason and sense. Teacher of Alexander the Great | 22 | |
| 9872285437 | Socrates | Greek philosopher who developed a method of questioning aimed at exposing ethics and morality through a series of difficult questions; Plato (a student) would later record his writing. Commits suicide in 399 BCE after charged with corrupting the youth | 23 | |
| 9872303528 | Hellenistic Empire | Empire that grew during the reign of Alexander the Great and the subsequent division into three large states. Spread Greek culture from Greece to India | 24 | |
| 9872313554 | Athens | A city-state in classical Greece whose government was based on democratic principles. Displayed the world's first democracy; Woman enjoyed less freedom than other city-states | 25 | |
| 9872331269 | Pericles | Athenian leader who oversaw Athens' Golden Age who later died during the Peloponnesian War | 26 | |
| 9872343347 | Sparta | A city-state in classical Greece who conquered neighbors and forced them into servitude; frugal and militaristic where Women were associated with bearing strong children | 27 | |
| 9872357288 | Polis | Term for Greek city-state | 28 | |
| 9872365173 | Hinduism | Indian religion that spoke to needs and interests of average people; includes texts such as the Bhagavad Gita ("Sound of the Lord) where salvation could be met by obeying laws of the castes | 29 | |
| 9872384465 | Dharma | Hindu ethic of Righteousness (obey religious and moral laws) | 30 | |
| 9872388679 | Artha | Hindu ethic of Wealth (to uphold dharma and provide for family and society) | 31 | |
| 9872394209 | Kama | Hindu ethic of Desire (take pleasure in social, phyiscal, and sexual activites) | 32 | |
| 9872398445 | Moksha | Hindu ethic of salvation of the soul | 33 | |
| 9872403537 | Buddhism | "Religion" founded by Siddhartha Guatama, a Hindu Kshatriyan who left his family to become a holy man. Became the "enlightened one" and composed his Four Noble Truths to achieve Nirvana (spiritual independence). Appealed to lower castes, spread to Japan, China, and India. Split into Mahayan and Theravedic forms | 34 | |
| 9872423486 | Gupta Dynasty | Chandra Gupta laid foundations for this empire by making alliances with powerful families in the Ganges. Developed a government of both policy and administration. Did not impose uniform laws but brought peace and prosperity. Later fell to the White Huns | 35 | |
| 9872464348 | Mauryan Dynasty | Classical Indian Dynasty that developed out of a political void created by Persian emperor Darius, unified India from the Indus to the Ganges River | 36 | |
| 9872472502 | Ashoka | Mauryan leader who conquered the kingdom of Kalinga through battles and united the entire Indian subcontinent; built irrigation, roads, and supported religious tolerance and Buddhism. His death led to the decline of the Mauryan empire | 37 | |
| 9872494326 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | Rebellion of peasants following epidemics in late 2nd and early 3rd centuries that led to the downfall of the Han Dynasty | 38 | |
| 9872507319 | Emperor Wudi | Han emperor who had a problem recruiting qualified people for government thus establishing a university in 124 BCE, teachings based on Confucianism (Althugh Wudi was a Legalist). Led to rapid conquest of Vietnam, Korea, and the battles with the Xiongnu confederacy | 39 | |
| 9872526506 | Han Dynasty | Dynasty that succeeded the Qin dynasty by Liu Bang and established the longest lasting dynasty. Developed Silk Road as trade between India, Perisa, Mesopotamia, and Rome grew | 40 | |
| 9872555885 | Shi Huangdi | "First Emperor" of China, reigned fourteen years and established a central bureaucracy divided into provinces and districts. Disarmed local militaries, standardized laws, currencies, weights, and Script. Started the Great Wall of China | 41 | |
| 9872574739 | Qin Dynasty | Short lived Chinese Dynasty that succeeded the Zhou dynasty using Legalism to restore order and ending the Warring States period. Created a centralized bureaucracy and expanded China | 42 | |
| 9872588244 | Legalism | Major philsophy that emerged from the Warring States period; based on the idea of expanding and strengthening the state at all costs. Strict and harsh punishments. Used by Shi Huangdi during the Qin Dynasty | 43 | |
| 9872604510 | Daosim | Major philosophy that emerged from the Warring States period; contrary to Confucian beliefs, followers reflected on natural principles that govern the world; "the way of nature". In a nutshell, Humans should stop trying to achieve personal goals and live very simply in order to achieve harmony (less is more). Promotes self-sufficiency | 44 | |
| 9872631234 | Confucianism | Major philosophy that emerged from the Warring States period; just wanted to end the Warring States period. Said a good government is to hire people who are well-educated and conscientious. Had to have traits such as filial piety, propriety, diligence ect. | 45 | |
| 9872650257 | Confucius | Man who lived in China during the Warring States period and sought to restore order to China. Students of his teachings recorded his teachings in the Analects which influenced Chinese Government. | 46 | |
| 9872667338 | Zorastrianism | Persian religion that believed the material world is a blessing and allows the enjoyment of everything. Includes concept of good and evil and Heaven and Hell as reward or punishment | 47 | |
| 9872684062 | Royal Road | Persian route that connected Persia from Ephesus on the Aegean to Sardis in Anatolia to Susa in Iran built by Darius | 48 | |
| 9872698589 | Satraps | "Governors" of Persian provinces | 49 | |
| 9872698590 | Persian Wars | Wars fought between Greeks and Achaemenids, led to demise of the empire. Began due to Ionian Greek colonies revolting. Battle of Marathon, Battle of Plataea, Battle of Thermopolae, Battle of Salamis ect. were all key victories in these wars for the Greeks | 50 | |
| 9872750906 | Cyrus The Great | Founder of the Persian empire | 51 | |
| 9872750907 | Darius | Kinsman of Cyrus who extended the empire from the Indus River in the east to the Aegean Sea in the west, from Armenia in the north to the first waterfall of the Nile River in the south. Established Persepolis, center of the Persian Empire | 52 | |
| 9872763049 | Teotihuacan | City built in Mexican that developed due to surplus in fish and agriculture. 200,000 people, had a set calendar for planting and harvesting | 53 | |
| 9872773060 | Mayan Empire | Empire in Central America which included large ceremonial centers (pyramids, palaces, temples) of 40,000 people that disbanded in 800 CE for an unknown reason. Had Terrace farming. | 54 | |
| 9872798794 | Warring States | Period characterized by disunity in China (403-221 BCE) of independent Legalist states | 55 | |
| 9872813289 | Peloponnesian War | War fought between Athens and Sparta stemming from trade disputes that decimated both city-states which led to the eventual conquest of Macedon by Phillip II | 56 | |
| 9872827177 | Ptolemy | Scientist who put forth the theory that Earth was the center of the universe | 57 | |
| 9872834859 | Punic Wars | Series of 3 wars fought between Rome and Carthage where during the 2nd of these Wars, Hannibal would attempt a conquest of Italy before being defeated by Scipio | 58 | |
| 9872844972 | Shinto | Earliest Japanese religion "the way of the gods". Worships the kami and stresses obedience and proper behavior. | 59 | |
| 9872854713 | Axum | Civilization that developed in Ethiopia after the decline of the Kush in 200 CE. Never conquered other civilizations but traded. Christian civilization until Islamic penetration | 60 | |
| 9872868407 | Alexander the Great | Son of Phillip II who expanded Macedonian dominance past Greece through the Persian Empire all the way to India. After this man's death, his empire was divided between his generals, Antigonid, Ptolemaic, and Seleucid | 61 | |
| 9872884511 | Wu Ti | Often called the "Warrior Emperor" who ruled china from 141 - 87 BCE repelling Hun invaders and exapanding the Han Empire to Central Asia | 62 | |
| 9872901195 | Christianity | Religion originated with Jesus of Nazareth, a Jewish teacher who claimed to be the Son of God. Roman and Jewish leader would crucify him in 30 CE and events were based on the Old and New Testaments. | 63 | |
| 9872922182 | Edict of Milan | Edict passed by Constantine that made Christianity legal in the Roman Empire | 64 | |
| 9872928687 | King Clovis | King who led a Germanic Tribe (Franks) that built an empire from Germany through Belgium intro France. Converted to Roman Catholicism and placed his capital in Paris. Empire was divided after his death and eventually dissolved | 65 | |
| 9872942584 | Kush Civilization | Civilization that developed in northern Africa at the same time as Egypt; conquered parts of Egypt in 650 BCE but moved South later. Known for its center for ironworks and trade | 66 |
