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| 10814677819 | Constantine | Roman emperor (r. 306-337 C.E.) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe. |  | 0 |
| 10814677820 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi. | 1 | |
| 10814677821 | Filial piety | The honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism. | 2 | |
| 10814677822 | Greek rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms. | 3 | |
| 10814677823 | Hinduism | A word derived from outsiders to describe the vast diversity of indigenous Indian religious traditions. | 4 | |
| 10814677824 | Hippocrates | A very influential Greek medical theorist (ca. 460-ca. 370 B.C.E.); regarded as the father of medicine. | 5 | |
| 10814677825 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity(ca. 4 B.C.E.-ca. 30 C.E.). | 6 | |
| 10814677826 | Yahweh | A form of the Hebrew name of God used in the Bible. The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god with concerns for social justice. | 7 | |
| 10814677827 | Karma | In Hinduism, the determining factor of the level at which the individual is reincarnated, based on purity of action and fulfillment of duty in the prior existence. |  | 8 |
| 10814677828 | Laozi | A legendary Chinese philosopher of the sixth century B.C.E.; regarded as the founder of Daoism. | 9 | |
| 10814677829 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments. | 10 | |
| 10814677830 | Moksha | In Hindu belief, liberation from separate existence and union with Brahman. | 11 | |
| 10814677831 | Nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion. | 12 | |
| 10814677832 | Plato | A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 to 348 B.C.E. | 13 | |
| 10814677833 | Pythagoras | A major Greek philosopher (ca. 560-ca. 480 B.C.E.) who believed that an unchanging mathematical order underlies the apparent chaos of the world. | 14 | |
| 10814677834 | Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) | The Indian prince (ca. 566-ca. 486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism. | 15 | |
| 10814677835 | Socrates | The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 B.C.E.). | 16 | |
| 10814677836 | Upanishads | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E. | 17 | |
| 10814677837 | Vedas | The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E. | 18 | |
| 10814677838 | Warring States Period | Period in China from 403 to 221 B.C.E. that was typified by disorder and political chaos. | 19 | |
| 10814677839 | Yin and Yang | Expression of the Chinese belief in the unity of opposites. | 20 | |
| 10814677840 | Zoroastrianism | Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra. | 21 | |
| 10814677841 | caste as varna and jati | The system of social organization in India that has evolved over millennia; it is based on an original division of the populace into four inherited classes, with the addition of thousands of social distinctions based on occupation, which became the main cell of social life in India. | 22 | |
| 10814677842 | dharma | In Indian belief, performance of the duties appropriate to an individual's caste; good performance will lead to rebirth in a higher caste. | 23 | |
| 10814677843 | helots | The dependent, semi-enslaved class of ancient Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society. | 24 | |
| 10814677844 | Kshatriya | The Indian social class of warriors and rulers. | 25 | |
| 10814677845 | latifundia | Huge estates operated by slave labor that flourished in parts of the Roman Empire | 26 | |
| 10814677846 | Pericles | A prominent and influential statesman of ancient Athens (ca. 495-429 B.C.E.); presided over Athens's Golden Age. | 27 | |
| 10814677847 | Sudra | The lowest Indian social class of varna; regarded as servants of their social betters; eventually included peasant farmers | 28 | |
| 10814677848 | the "three submissions" | In Chinese Confucian thought, the notion that a woman is permanently subordinate to male control: first that of her father, then of her husband, and finally of her son. | 29 | |
| 10814677849 | Untouchables | An Indian social class that emerged below the Sudras and whose members performed the most unclean and polluting work. | 30 | |
| 10814677850 | Vaisya | The Indian social class that was originally defined as farmers but eventually comprised merchants. | 31 | |
| 10814677851 | Silk Road | Trade route stretching from China into Europe. | 32 |
