The Post-Classical World, 500-1450
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| 10112888846 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central; staunch Sunnis; ruled in the name of the Abbasids | 0 | |
| 10112888847 | Crusades | invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291 | 1 | |
| 10112888848 | Mongols | central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph | 2 | |
| 10112888849 | Chinggis Khan | (1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms | 3 | |
| 10112888852 | Mali | state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers | 4 | |
| 10112888853 | Mansa | title of the ruler of Mali | 5 | |
| 10112888854 | Ibn Battuta | Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world | 6 | |
| 10112888855 | Sundiata | created a unified state that became the Mali empire; died in 1260 | 7 | |
| 10112888856 | Songhay | successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao | 8 | |
| 10112888857 | East African trading ports | urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, , Kilwa | 9 | |
| 10112888858 | Great Zimbabwe | with massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa | 10 | |
| 10112888863 | Kiev | commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th c; became the center for a kingdom that flourished until 12th c | 11 | |
| 10112888864 | Vladmir I | ruler of Kiev (980-1015); converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity | 12 | |
| 10112888865 | Russian Orthodoxy | Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire | 13 | |
| 10112888866 | Middle Ages | the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th c | 14 | |
| 10112888867 | Gothic | an architectural style developed during the 13th and 14th c in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls | 15 | |
| 10112888868 | Vikings | seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th c; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America; formed permanent territories in Normandy and Sicily | 16 | |
| 10112888869 | Manorialism | rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; peasants exchanged labor for use of land and protection | 17 | |
| 10112888870 | Serfs | peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system | 18 | |
| 10112888871 | Three-field system | practice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage-- an improvement making use of manure | 19 | |
| 10112888872 | Clovis | King of the Franks; converted to Christianity circa 496 | 20 | |
| 10112888873 | Carolingians | royal house of Franks from 8th c to 10th c | 21 | |
| 10112888874 | Charles Martel | first Carolingian king of the Franks; defeated Muslims at Tours in 732 | 22 | |
| 10112888875 | Charlemagne | Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 800 | 23 | |
| 10112888876 | Holy Roman Emperors | political heirs to Charlemagne's empire in northern Italy and Germany; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy | 24 | |
| 10112888877 | Feudalism | personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service | 25 | |
| 10112888878 | Vassals | members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty | 26 | |
| 10112888881 | Parliaments | bodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized the principle that kings ruled with the advice and consent of their subjects | 27 | |
| 10112888882 | Hundred Years War | conflict between England and France over territory (1337-1453) Established a since of Nationalism with each country. Joan of Arc united the French and promoted French patriotism. | 28 | |
| 10112888883 | Pope Urban II | organized the first Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim control | 29 | |
| 10112888889 | Guilds | associations of workers in the same occupation in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship; held a privileged place in cities | 30 | |
| 10112888890 | Black Death | bubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia | 31 | |
| 10112888891 | Period of the Six Dynasties | era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han | 32 | |
| 10112888894 | Golden Horde | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c | 33 | |
| 10112888896 | Kubilai Khan | grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271 | 34 | |
| 10112888898 | Ottoman Empire | Turkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire | 35 | |
| 10112888899 | Ming Dynasty | replaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China | 36 | |
| 10112888900 | Ethnocentrism | judging foreigners by the standards of one's own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history | 37 | |
| 10112888901 | Inca and Rome both had | extensive road systems | 38 | |
| 10112888902 | Important continuity in social structure of states and empires 600-1450 | land holding aristocracies, patriarchies, peasant systems still in place | 39 | |
| 10112888903 | Trans Saharan trade | Dominated my Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates.. |  | 40 |
| 10112888908 | Indian Ocean Maritime Trade |  | 41 | |
| 10112888904 | Cities that rose during this time due to increased trade | Novgorod, Constantinople, Timbuktu | 42 | |
| 10112888905 | Timbuktu | trade center of Mali, cosmopolitan city that saw the blending of many different cultures and people | 43 | |
| 10112888909 | Bantu Migrations |  | 44 | |
| 10112888907 | Marco Polo | traveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan | 45 |
