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AP World History: Period 3 Flashcards

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5864766771MercantileRelated to commerce or trade0
5864766772Conduitsa channel for conveying cultural diffusion between socieities1
5864766773Pastoral GroupsNomadic groups that domesticated animals and sustained trade networks2
5864766774Interregionalmovement from one region of a country to another3
5864766775MuhammadFounder of Islam4
5864766776DiffusionMovement of culture from one area to another5
5864766777Silk RoadsA system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried luxury goods.6
5864766778Mediterranean Sea LanesTrade routes that connected Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa7
5864766779Trans-Saharan Trade Routestrade route stretching across the sahara, predominantly involve trade of gold and salt8
5864766780Indian Ocean Sea Laneslanes throughout the Indian Ocean connecting East Africa, southern Arabia, the Persian Gulf, India, Southeast Asia, and southern China9
5864766781Swahili City-StatesCity-states along the coast of Eastern Africa10
5864766782Veniceimportant Italian port for trade11
5864766783TenochtitlanMexica city, capital of the Aztec Empire12
5864766784Mesoamerica"Middle America" the region extending from modern-day Mexico through Central America13
5864766785Caravanseraisystem of rest stops caravans used for supplies and safety14
5864766786CompassDirectional tool developed by the Han Dynasty in East Asia15
5864766787AstrolabeAn instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets16
5864766788Creditthe ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future.17
5864766789Monetizationestablishing something (e.g. gold or silver) as the legal tender of a country18
5864766790Bills of ExchangeCertificate saying you'll pay back a certain amount by a particular date19
5864766791Banking HouseThese European innovations developed during the Middle Ages to aid trade and manage credit, checks, and bills of exchange.20
5864766792Hanseatic LeagueAn economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.21
5864766793Infrastructurethe basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.22
5864766794Grand CanalThe 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.23
5864766795Byzantine EmpireThe eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine.24
5864766796CaliphatesThe political-religious state comprising the Muslim community and the lands and the peoples under its dominion during the centuries after Muhammad's death.25
5864766797MongolsPeople from Central Asia when united ended up creating the largest single land empire in history.26
5864766798Linguisticpertaining to language27
5864766799LongshipsNarrow boats that allowed the vikings to sail down thin rivers, and pillage inland villages28
5864766800VikingsInvaders of Europe that came from Scandinavia29
5864766801ArabsEthnic group native to the Middle East30
5864766802BerbersA member of a North African, primarily Muslim people living in settled or nomadic tribes from Morocco to Egypt31
5864766803SteppeA dry, grassy, treeless plain found in Asia and eastern Europe.32
5864766804BantuThe people who spread throughout Africa spreading agriculture, language, and iron.33
5864766805Maritimerelating to the sea34
5864766806Polynesiananything dealing with island in pacific-- language,culture,people35
5864766807IslamA monotheistic religion based on the belief that there is one God, Allah, and that Muhammad was Allah's prophet.36
5864766808Arabian PeninsulaArea of the middle east that is the birthplace of Islam and home of the Arabs37
5864766809MerchantA person who makes money by selling goods38
5864766810MissionaryAn individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion.39
5864766811Diasporic Communitiesimmigrants who have relocated from their ancestral homelands and retain their distinct cultural identities as ethnic minority groups in their new host countries40
5864766813Ibn BattutaMoroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.41
5864766814Marco PoloVenetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.42
5864766815XuanzangA famous Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler, and translator who described the interaction between China and India in the early Tang period. He became famous for his 17 year trip to India and back.43
5864766816NeoconfucianismNeo-Confucianism developed both as a renaissance of traditional Confucian ideas, and as a reaction to the ideas of Buddhism and Daoism44
5864766817MexicaIndigenous peoples to northern Mesoamerica45
5864766819IberiaPeninsula in southwestern Europe occupied by Spain and Portugal46
5864766820al-AndalusIslamic Spain47
5864766821PathogenAn organism that causes disease48
5864766822Epidemic DiseaseMany people acquire the disease in a particular location49
5864766823Bubonic Plaguedisease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helps end Feudalism. Rats, fleas.50
5864766824Dar al-Islama term used by Muslim scholars to refer to those countries where Muslims can practice their religion freely51
5864766825Agrarianconcerning farms, farmers, or the use of land52
5864766826LegitimacyAcceptance of a ruler or government by the people.53
5864766827Tributary SystemA system in which areas not directly controlled by an empire give gifts or taxes in exchange for peace.54
5864766828KhanatesFour regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan.55
5864766829FeudalismA political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land56
5864766830AbbasidsA dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250.57
5864766831SultanateLand ruled by a sultan58
5864766832CrusadesA series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.59
5864766833Zheng HeAn imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.60
5864766834UrbanizationAn increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.61
5864766835DemographicCharacteristics such as age, sex, income, location, education, and religion62
5864766836Coerced LaborWhen people are forced to work either as slaves or serfs.63
5864766837ChinampaRaised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.64
5864766839Terracingcreating flat platforms in the hillside that provide a level planting surface, which reduces soil runoff from the slope.65
5864766840Textilescloth items66
5864766841Porcelaina thin, beautiful pottery invented in China67
5864766842GuildA medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people.68
5864766843SerfdomA type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. This was common in early Medeival Europe as well as in Russia until the mid 19th century.69
5864766844Mit'alabor tax system used by the Incas70
5864766845Foot BindingPractice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household.71

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