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AP World History: Period 3 Flashcards

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5163873634MercantileRelated to commerce or trade0
5163873635Conduitsa channel for conveying cultural diffusion between socieities1
5163873636Pastoral GroupsNomadic groups that domesticated animals and sustained trade networks2
5163873637Interregionalmovement from one region of a country to another3
5163873638MuhammadFounder of Islam4
5163873639DiffusionMovement of culture from one area to another5
5163873640Silk RoadsA system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried luxury goods.6
5163873641Mediterranean Sea LanesTrade routes that connected Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa7
5163873642Trans-Saharan Trade Routestrade route stretching across the sahara, predominantly involve trade of gold and salt8
5163873643Indian Ocean Sea Laneslanes throughout the Indian Ocean connecting East Africa, southern Arabia, the Persian Gulf, India, Southeast Asia, and southern China9
5163873644Swahili City-StatesCity-states along the coast of Eastern Africa10
5163873645Veniceimportant Italian port for trade11
5163873646TenochtitlanMexica city, capital of the Aztec Empire12
5163873647Mesoamerica"Middle America" the region extending from modern-day Mexico through Central America13
5163873648Caravanseraisystem of rest stops caravans used for supplies and safety14
5163873649CompassDirectional tool developed by the Han Dynasty in East Asia15
5163873650AstrolabeAn instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets16
5163873651Creditthe ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future.17
5163873652Monetizationestablishing something (e.g. gold or silver) as the legal tender of a country18
5163873653Bills of ExchangeCertificate saying you'll pay back a certain amount by a particular date19
5163873654Banking HouseThese European innovations developed during the Middle Ages to aid trade and manage credit, checks, and bills of exchange.20
5163873655Hanseatic LeagueAn economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.21
5163873656Infrastructurethe basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.22
5163873657Grand CanalThe 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.23
5163873658Byzantine EmpireThe eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine.24
5163873659CaliphatesThe political-religious state comprising the Muslim community and the lands and the peoples under its dominion during the centuries after Muhammad's death.25
5163873660MongolsPeople from Central Asia when united ended up creating the largest single land empire in history.26
5163873661Linguisticpertaining to language27
5163873662LongshipsNarrow boats that allowed the vikings to sail down thin rivers, and pillage inland villages28
5163873663VikingsInvaders of Europe that came from Scandinavia29
5163873664ArabsEthnic group native to the Middle East30
5163873665BerbersA member of a North African, primarily Muslim people living in settled or nomadic tribes from Morocco to Egypt31
5163873666SteppeA dry, grassy, treeless plain found in Asia and eastern Europe.32
5163873667BantuThe people who spread throughout Africa spreading agriculture, language, and iron.33
5163873668Maritimerelating to the sea34
5163873669Polynesiananything dealing with island in pacific-- language,culture,people35
5163873670IslamA monotheistic religion based on the belief that there is one God, Allah, and that Muhammad was Allah's prophet.36
5163873671Arabian PeninsulaArea of the middle east that is the birthplace of Islam and home of the Arabs37
5163873672MerchantA person who makes money by selling goods38
5163873673MissionaryAn individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion.39
5163873674Diasporic Communitiesimmigrants who have relocated from their ancestral homelands and retain their distinct cultural identities as ethnic minority groups in their new host countries40
5163873675SogdianAn Iranian People from central Asia. Between the fourth and ninth centuries they were probably the most important merchants along the Silk Roads41
5163873676Ibn BattutaMoroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.42
5163873677Marco PoloVenetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.43
5163873678XuanzangA famous Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler, and translator who described the interaction between China and India in the early Tang period. He became famous for his 17 year trip to India and back.44
5163873679NeoconfucianismNeo-Confucianism developed both as a renaissance of traditional Confucian ideas, and as a reaction to the ideas of Buddhism and Daoism45
5163873680MexicaIndigenous peoples to northern Mesoamerica46
5163873681ToltecNomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of sedentary agriculture in Mesoamerica; established capital at Tula after migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice.47
5163873682IberiaPeninsula in southwestern Europe occupied by Spain and Portugal48
5163873683al-AndalusIslamic Spain49
5163873684PathogenAn organism that causes disease50
5163873685Epidemic DiseaseMany people acquire the disease in a particular location51
5163873686Bubonic Plaguedisease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helps end Feudalism. Rats, fleas.52
5163873687Dar al-Islama term used by Muslim scholars to refer to those countries where Muslims can practice their religion freely53
5163873688Agrarianconcerning farms, farmers, or the use of land54
5163873689LegitimacyAcceptance of a ruler or government by the people.55
5163873690Tributary SystemA system in which areas not directly controlled by an empire give gifts or taxes in exchange for peace.56
5163873691KhanatesFour regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan.57
5163873692FeudalismA political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land58
5163873693AbbasidsA dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250.59
5163873694SultanateLand ruled by a sultan60
5163873695CrusadesA series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.61
5163873696Zheng HeAn imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.62
5163873697UrbanizationAn increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.63
5163873698DemographicCharacteristics such as age, sex, income, location, education, and religion64
5163873699Coerced LaborWhen people are forced to work either as slaves or serfs.65
5163873700ChinampaRaised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.66
5163873701Waru waruAn Incan agricultural technique in which water creates a channel around growing crops67
5163873702Terracingcreating flat platforms in the hillside that provide a level planting surface, which reduces soil runoff from the slope.68
5163873703Textilescloth items69
5163873704Porcelaina thin, beautiful pottery invented in China70
5163873705GuildA medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people.71
5163873706SerfdomA type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. This was common in early Medeival Europe as well as in Russia until the mid 19th century.72
5163873707Mit'alabor tax system used by the Incas73
5163873708Foot BindingPractice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household.74

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