The Post-Classical World, 500-1450
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| 11918422784 | Bedouin | nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats | 0 | |
| 11918422785 | Mecca | Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam | 1 | |
| 11918422786 | Medina | town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar | 2 | |
| 11918422787 | Umayyad | clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty | 3 | |
| 11918422788 | Muhammad | (570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh | 4 | |
| 11918422789 | Qur'an | the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam | 5 | |
| 11918422790 | Umma | community of the faithful within Islam | 6 | |
| 11918422791 | Five Pillars | the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) | 7 | |
| 11918422792 | Caliph | the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community | 8 | |
| 11918422793 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism | 9 | |
| 11918422794 | Abu Bakr | succeeded Muhammad as the first caliph | 10 | |
| 11918422795 | Jihad | Islamic holy war | 11 | |
| 11918422796 | Sunnis | followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads | 12 | |
| 11918422797 | Shi'a | followers of Ali's interpretation of Islam | 13 | |
| 11918422798 | Mawali | non-Arab converts to Islam | 14 | |
| 11918422799 | Dhimmis | "the people of the book"-- Jews, Christians; later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus | 15 | |
| 11918422800 | Abbasids | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad | 16 | |
| 11918422801 | Hadiths | "traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of Islam | 17 | |
| 11918422802 | Wazir | chief administrative official under the Abbasids | 18 | |
| 11918422803 | Dhows | Arab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants | 19 | |
| 11918422804 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids | 20 | |
| 11918422805 | Crusades | invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291 | 21 | |
| 11918422806 | Ulama | Islamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking | 22 | |
| 11918422807 | Sufis | Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions | 23 | |
| 11918422808 | Mongols | central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph | 24 | |
| 11918422809 | Chinggis Khan | (1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms | 25 | |
| 11918422810 | Mamluks | Rulers of Egypt; descended from Turkish slaves | 26 | |
| 11918422811 | Arabic numerals | Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West | 27 | |
| 11918422812 | Shrivijaya | trading empire based on the Malacca straits; its Buddhist government resisted Muslim missionaries; when it fell, southeastern Asia was opened to Islam | 28 | |
| 11918422813 | Malacca | flourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya | 29 | |
| 11918422814 | Mali | state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers | 30 | |
| 11918422815 | Mansa | title of the ruler of Mali | 31 | |
| 11918422816 | Ibn Battuta | Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world | 32 | |
| 11918422817 | Sundiata | created a unified state that became the Mali empire; died in 1260 | 33 | |
| 11918422818 | Songhay | successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao | 34 | |
| 11918422819 | East African trading ports | urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwas, Pate, and Zanzibar | 35 | |
| 11918422820 | Great Zimbabwe | with massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa | 36 | |
| 11918422821 | Black Death | bubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia | 37 | |
| 11918422822 | Period of the Six Dynasties | era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han | 38 | |
| 11918422823 | Jinshi | title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office | 39 | |
| 11918422824 | Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism | emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia | 40 | |
| 11918422825 | Wuzong | Tang emperor (841-847); persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism | 41 | |
| 11918422826 | Southern Song | smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history. Fell to the Mongols in 1276 and eventually taken over in 1279. | 42 | |
| 11918422827 | Grand Canal | great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin | 43 | |
| 11918422828 | Junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula | 44 | |
| 11918422829 | Flying money | Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency | 45 | |
| 11918422830 | Footbinding | male imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household; seen a beautiful to the elite. | 46 | |
| 11918422831 | Taika reforms | attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army | 47 | |
| 11918422832 | Fujiwara | mid-9th c Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power | 48 | |
| 11918422833 | Bushi | regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies | 49 | |
| 11918422834 | Samurai | mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor | 50 | |
| 11918422835 | Seppuku | ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor | 51 | |
| 11918422836 | Gempei wars | Waged for 5 years from 1180-1185, on the island of Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in the destruction of Taira and also resulted in the feudal age | 52 | |
| 11918422837 | Bakufu | military government established by the Minamoto following Gempei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai | 53 | |
| 11918422838 | Shoguns | military leaders of the bakufu | 54 | |
| 11918422839 | Daimyos | warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holding consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states | 55 | |
| 11918422840 | Sinification | extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions | 56 | |
| 11918422841 | Yi | dynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence | 57 | |
| 11918422842 | Trung Sisters | leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society | 58 | |
| 11918422843 | Khmers and Chams | Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi | 59 | |
| 11918422844 | Nguyen | southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi | 60 | |
| 11918422845 | Chinggis Khan | born in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; began the Mongols rise to world power; died 1227 | 61 | |
| 11918422846 | Shamanistic religion | Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits | 62 | |
| 11918422847 | Batu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russian in 1236 | 63 | |
| 11918422848 | Golden Horde | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c | 64 | |
| 11918422849 | Ilkhan khanate | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire | 65 | |
| 11918422850 | Hulegu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and rule of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad | 66 | |
| 11918422851 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars defeated Mongols in 1260 | 67 | |
| 11918422852 | Kubilai Khan | grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271 | 68 | |
| 11918422853 | White Lotus Society | secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty | 69 | |
| 11918422854 | Ottoman Empire | Turkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire | 70 | |
| 11918422855 | Ming Dynasty | replaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China | 71 | |
| 11918422856 | Ethnocentrism | judging foreigners by the standards of one's own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history | 72 | |
| 11918422857 | Muhammad's primary historical achievement | spread of Islam | 73 | |
| 11918422871 | Silk Road Trade system |  | 74 | |
| 11918422872 | Kingdom of Mali |  | 75 | |
| 11918422858 | Inca and Rome both had | extensive road systems | 76 | |
| 11918422859 | Important continuity in social structure of states and empires 600-1450 | land holding aristocracies, patriarchies, peasant systems still in place | 77 | |
| 11918422860 | Champa Rice | tributary gift from Vietnam to China, led to population increase | 78 | |
| 11918422861 | Diasporic communities | merchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas | 79 | |
| 11918422862 | Trans Saharan trade | Dominated my Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates.. |  | 80 |
| 11918422863 | Effect of Muslim conquests | collapse of other empires, mass conversion | 81 | |
| 11918422864 | Tang Dynasty | followed Sui, established tributary states in Vietnam and Korea, influence Japan, Established strong Buddhist and Confucian presence | 82 | |
| 11918422865 | Black Death | plague that originated with Mongols, led to mass population decrease in Europe, later weakened faith in Christian church and increased the power of serfs/peasants. Led partly to fall of Feudal structures in Europe. |  | 83 |
| 11918422873 | Indian Ocean Maritime Trade |  | 84 | |
| 11918422866 | Cities that rose during this time due to increased trade | Novgorod, Constantinople, Timbuktu | 85 | |
| 11918422867 | Timbuktu | trade center of Mali, cosmopolitan city that saw the blending of many different cultures and people | 86 | |
| 11918422868 | New forms of monetization | Checks, Bills of Exchange | 87 | |
| 11918422874 | Bantu Migrations |  | 88 | |
| 11918422869 | footbinding | began during Tang/Song era, demonstrates objectification and oppression of women, abolished during Yuan and brought back during Ming |  | 89 |
| 11918422870 | Marco Polo | traveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan | 90 |
