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| 8023005638 | Bedouins | Arabic-speaking nomadic peoples of the Middle Eastern deserts, especially of North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, Israel, Iraq, Syria, and Jordan. | 0 | |
| 8023005639 | Bushido | The code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese samurai. | 1 | |
| 8023005640 | Caesaropapism | A political theory in which the head of state, notably the Emperor, is also the supreme head of the church. | 2 | |
| 8023005641 | Charlemagne | Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great or Charles I, was King of the Franks. He united a large part of Europe during the early Middle Ages and laid the foundations for modern France, Germany and the Low Countries. | 3 | |
| 8023005642 | Crusades | The first of the Crusades began in 1095, when armies of Christians from Western Europe responded to Pope Urban II's plea to go to war against Muslim forces in the Holy Land. | 4 | |
| 8023005643 | Cyril and Methodius | In 862, when Prince Rostislav of Great Moravia asked Constantinople for missionaries, the emperor Michael III and the patriarch Photius named Cyril and Methodius. | 5 | |
| 8023005644 | Dhimmis | A dhimmi refers to specific individuals living in Muslim lands, who were granted special status and safety in Islamic law in return for paying the capital tax. | 6 | |
| 8023005645 | Fictive Kinship | Fictive kinship is a term used by anthropologists and ethnographers to describe forms of kinship or social ties that are based on neither blood ties nor marriage ties, in contrast to true kinship ties. | 7 | |
| 8023005646 | Firestick Farming | Fire-stick farming was the practice of Indigenous Australians who regularly used fire to burn vegetation to facilitate hunting and to change the composition of plant and animal species in an area. | 8 | |
| 8023005647 | Foot Binding | Foot binding was the custom of applying painfully tight binding to the feet of young girls to prevent further growth. | 9 | |
| 8023005648 | Ghana, Mali, Songhay | Three of the greatest western African trading states. | 10 | |
| 8023005649 | Guild | Associations of artisans or merchants who control the practice of their craft in a particular town. | 11 | |
| 8023005650 | Hadiths | A collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad that, with accounts of his daily practice (the Sunna), constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims apart from the Koran. | 12 | |
| 8023005651 | Hajj | An annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the most holy city of the Muslims. | 13 | |
| 8023005652 | Hijra | Muhammad's departure from Mecca to Medina in AD 622, prompted by the opposition of the merchants of Mecca and marking the consolidation of the first Muslim community. | 14 | |
| 8023005653 | Heian | Capital of Japan for over one thousand years, from 794 to 1868 with an interruption in 1180. | 15 | |
| 8023005654 | Iconoclasm | The rejection or destruction of religious images as heretical; practiced by the Byzantine Empire. | 16 | |
| 8023005655 | Ibn Battuta | A medieval Moroccan traveler and scholar, who is widely recognised as one of the greatest travelers of all time. | 17 | |
| 8023005656 | Imams | A title of various Muslim leaders, especially of one succeeding Muhammad as leader of Shiite Islam. | 18 | |
| 8023005657 | Indulgence | A grant by the pope of remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due for sins after absolution. The unrestricted sale of indulgences by pardoners was a widespread abuse during the later Middle Ages. | 19 | |
| 8023005658 | Indian Ocean Trading Network | Long distance trade in dhows and sailboats made it a dynamic zone of interaction between peoples, cultures, and civilizations stretching from Java in the East to Zanzibar and Mombasa in the West. | 20 | |
| 8023005659 | Jihad | The spiritual struggle within oneself against sin. | 21 | |
| 8023005660 | Jizya | A per capita yearly tax historically levied by Islamic states on certain non-Muslim subjects permanently residing in Muslim lands under Islamic law. | 22 | |
| 8023005661 | Jurchen | A Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria until around 1630, at which point they were reformed and combined with their neighbors as the Manchus. | 23 | |
| 8023005662 | Monsoons | A seasonal prevailing wind in the region of South and Southeast Asia, blowing from the southwest between May and September and bringing rain or from the northeast between October and April. | 24 | |
| 8023005663 | Neo-Confucianism | A movement in religious philosophy derived from Confucianism in China around AD 1000 in response to the ideas of Taoism and Buddhism. | 25 | |
| 8023005664 | Paleolithic Persistence | The persistence of the Paleolithic lifestyle in the 15th century. | 26 | |
| 8023005665 | Pastoralism | The branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. | 27 | |
| 8023005666 | Pure Land Buddhism | A tradition of Buddhist teachings that are focused on Amitābha Buddha, which was popular after the rise of the Sui Dynasty. | 28 | |
| 8023005667 | Sand Roads | A vast network of roads that were the center of trade in Northern and Western Africa during the first millennium B.C.E. | 29 | |
| 8023005668 | Sharia | Islamic canonical law based on the teachings of the Koran and the traditions of the Prophet. | 30 | |
| 8023005669 | Silk Roads | The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean. | 31 | |
| 8023005670 | Song Dynasty Economic Revolution | For over three centuries during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) China experienced sustained growth in per capita income and population, structural change in the economy, and increased pace of technological innovation. | 32 | |
| 8023005671 | Srivijaya | A city-state based on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia. | 33 | |
| 8023005672 | Sufis | A Muslim ascetic and mystic. | 34 | |
| 8023005673 | Third-Wave Civilization | Civilizations that were creating during the 15th century. | 35 | |
| 8023005674 | Tribute System | The network of trade and foreign relations between China and its tributaries that helped to shape much of East Asian affairs. | 36 | |
| 8023005675 | Trung Sisters | Two first-century Vietnamese women leaders who successfully repelled Chinese invasions for three years, and are regarded as national heroines of Vietnam. | 37 | |
| 8023005676 | Turks | A Turkic ethnic group and nation living mainly in Turkey and speaking Turkish, the most widely spoken Turkic language. | 38 | |
| 8023005677 | Ulama | A body of Muslim scholars recognized as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology. | 39 | |
| 8023005678 | Umma | The whole community of Muslims bound together by ties of religion. | 40 | |
| 8023005679 | Vikings | Norse seafarers, speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Scandinavian homelands across wide areas of northern, central and eastern Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries. | 41 |
