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| 13666687942 | Indentured Servants vs. Slavery | Servants typically worked four to seven years in exchange for passage, room, board, lodging and freedom dues. While the life of an indentured servant was harsh and restrictive, it wasn't slavery. There were laws that protected some of their rights. In slavery, slaves had little to no rights with no guaranteed freedom. | 0 | |
| 13666693250 | Middle Passage | A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies | 1 | |
| 13666698152 | Religious tolerance | Willingness to let others practice their own beliefs | 2 | |
| 13666702054 | Janissaries | Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan | 3 | |
| 13666710362 | Ottoman Empire during this time | In 1453, Mehmed II the Conqueror led the Ottoman Turks in seizing the ancient city of Constantinople, the Byzantine Empire's capital. This put an end to 1,000-year reign of the Byzantine Empire. Sultan Mehmed renamed the city Istanbul, meaning "the city of Islam" and made it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire. Istanbul became a dominant international center of trade and culture. The Ottoman Empire reached its peak between 1520 and 1566, during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. This period was marked by great power, stability and wealth. The Ottomans were also known for their achievements in art, science and medicine. Istanbul and other major cities throughout the empire were recognized as artistic hubs. | 4 | |
| 13666721514 | Ming Dynasty | A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia | 5 | |
| 13666728618 | Qing Dynasty | (1644-1911 CE), the last imperial dynasty of China which was overthrown by revolutionaries; was ruled by the Manchu people: began to isolate themselves from Western culture | 6 | |
| 13666742870 | Treaty of Tordesillas | A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. | 7 | |
| 13666774223 | Competition for colonies between between England, France, Netherlands, Spain | Gold, silver, and furs attracted European exploration, colonization, and competition in the New World. Rivalries between European nations were often rooted in religious or political feuds taking place in Europe, yet these tensions played out in the theater of the New World. The Spanish lost their stronghold in North America as the French, Dutch, and British began to explore and colonize the Northeast. | 8 | |
| 13666807088 | Protestant Reformation and Martin Luther | Martin Luther was against the selling of indulgences, believed they had no place in the bible, and Christians could only be saved by faith. Drew up 95 thesis and nailed them to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany on October 31, 1517 | 9 | |
| 13666809522 | 95 Thesis | Luther's response to indulgences →he believed they undermined seriousness of penance, competed with Gospel teachings, and downplayed importance of charity. They were nailed to Wittenberg Castle on October 31st, 1517. Because the 95 Theses were reprinted and sent everywhere, the church was forced to deal with Luther. | 10 | |
| 13666826708 | Counter Reformation | Catholic Church's attempt to stop the protestant movement and to strengthen the Catholic Church | 11 | |
| 13666847474 | Thirty Years War | Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire ends with peace of westpahlia.1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire. | 12 | |
| 13670854415 | Encomienda System | A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians; it was a disguised form of slavery. | 13 | |
| 13666868991 | Scientific Revolution | The intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science. | 14 | |
| 13666869032 | Heliocentric | Based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe | 15 | |
| 13666875706 | Enlightenment | A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions. | 16 | |
| 13666917227 | John Locke | 17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property. | 17 | |
| 13667004386 | Rousseau | (1712-1778) Believed that society threatened natural rights and freedoms. Wrote about society's corruption caused by the revival of sciences and art instead of it's improvement. He was sponsored by the wealthy and participated in salons but often felt uncomfortable and denounced them. Wrote "The Social Contract." | 18 | |
| 13667015446 | Descartes | (1596-1650) French philosopher, discovered analytical geometry. Saw that Algebra and Geometry have a direct relationship. Reduced everything to spiritual or physical. | 19 | |
| 13667019574 | Astrolabe | An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets | 20 | |
| 13667039543 | Wood Block Printing | A printing system developed by the ancient Chinese, in which wood blocks were carved with enough characters to print entire pages. | 21 | |
| 13667043035 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | 22 | |
| 13670859456 | Silver Trade | The Silver Trade was a large driver of European colonization of the Americas. The principle objective of the Habsburg Empire, in particular, was to extract millions of dollars of silver from the land using Amerindian slave labor. This caused the Habsburg Empire to grow very wealthy very quickly, but also gave them resources to squander on wars with the Ottoman Empire and England. This silver trade also led to a disastrous rise in Chinese inflation due to how China was buying most of the American silver. | 23 | |
| 13670864702 | Mercantilism | An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought | 24 |
