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AP WORLD HISTORY PERIOD 4 KEY TERMS Flashcards

Period 4 important people/places/events

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10573200519age of reasonAn era during which rational thought is prominent or esteemed, especially the Enlightenment in western Europe.0
10573200520Akbar the Greata ruler of the Mughal empire from 1542-1605, he pursued tolerance for all religions and cultures; he expanded the empire and led the golden age of the Mughal empire1
10573200521Atlantic slave tradetook place across the Atlantic Ocean from the 16th through to the 19th centuries; most slaves transported to the new world2
10573200522John calvinfounder of the Christian Protestant sect called Calvinism which develops Luther's doctrine of justification by faith alone and emphasizes the grace of God and the doctrine of predestination.3
10573200523Colombian exchangethe exchange of plants. animals, diseases, and technologies between the peoples of the Americas and the old world and opening the way to Spanish conquest and colonization4
10573200524creolesIn colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World.5
10573200525Dutch East India companyestablished in 1602; was the first company to issue stock and considered to have been the first multinational corporation in the world; established to carry out colonial trade and activities in Asia6
10573200526encomienda systema grant of authority over a population of Amerindians in the Spanish colonies; it provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and periodic payments of goods by the Amerindias7
10573200527English bill of rightsestablished in 1689; ensured the power and rights of parliament (therefore taking away from the power of the monarchy and ensuring the power of the parliament)8
10573200528enlightenmenta philosophical movement in eighteenth-century Europe that fostered the belief that one could reform society by discovering rational laws that governed social behavior and that were just as scientific as the laws of physics9
10573200529european explorationstarted with the Spanish expanding into the new world, after this happened the race for land and the extortion of resources occurred; European countries soon set off around the world colonizing land and getting rich at the expense of their conquered peoples10
10573200530Gutenberg's printing pressimproved the Chinese printing press; Johannes Gutenberg made a printing press that efficiently; device applies pressure to a print medium that rests on an inked surface made of movable type, thereby transferring the ink. Typically used for texts, the invention and spread of the printing press are widely regarded as among the most influential events in human history, revolutionizing the way people conceive and describe the world they live in, and ushering in the period of modernity.11
10573200531hacienda systema rich European (In Spanish speaking colonies, Spanish Europeans) held a large area of land on which serfs and slaves worked. They worked the land for the land owner and were bound there; landowners owned the workers12
10573200532Henry VIIIseparated the Church of England from the Roman Catholic church; became supreme head of the church of England; only did this because the Roman Catholic church denied him a divorce13
10573200533heliocentric theorythe theory that the sun is the center of the Solar System and not the Earth14
10573200534holy roman empirethe loose federation of mostly German states and principalities headed by an emperor elected by the princes; lasted from 962-180615
10573200535indulgencesthe forgiveness of the punishment due for past sins, granted by the Catholic Church authorities as a reward for a pious act (people paid the church to be forgiven of their sins); inspired reformation movements16
10573200536JanissaryInfantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century; the trained Christian boys taken from Christian families in the Ottoman empire17
10573200537Manchu (Qing dynasty)Manchu: federation of Northeast Asian peoples who founded the Qing empire; Manchus overthrew the Ming empire in 1644, the Quing controlled Manchuria, Mongolia, Turkestan and Tibet, the last Qing emperor overthrown in 191118
10573200538Martin Lutherleader of the reformation act against the Roman Catholic church and father of the Protestants; wanted to reform the church because of its corruptions and the indulgence system; posted a 95 thesis19
10573200539Mestizoterm used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed Amerindian and European descent20
10573200540Mulattosterm used by Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent21
10573200541Peter the Greata Russian tsar that introduced and encouraged Russia to become like a Western state; introduced technology, culture, language, style, etc22
10573200542Peninsularesa term used by Spanish colonies to describe someone born of Spanish descent (directly from Spain)23
10573200543Phillip II of SpainSpain was in debt and King Phillip II imposed a heavy sales tax and tried to enforce Catholic orthodoxy (did this to the Netherlands who soon revolted)24
10573200544protestant reformationreligious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. It resulted in the "protesters" forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and Reformed Churches and the Church of England25
10573200545scientific revolutionthe intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the seventeenth century had lad the groundwork for modern science.26
10573200546Suleiman the magnificentthe most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire; ruled from 1520-1566; also known as Suleiman Kanuni, "The Lawgiver"; he significantly expanded the empire in the Balkan and Eastern Mediterranean27
10573244771Early Modern 1450-1750Period 428
10573249036AP World HistoryPeriod 429

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