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| 13589800368 | Indian Ocean commercial network | The massive, interconnected web of commerce in premodern times between the lands that bordered on the Indian Ocean (including East Africa, India, and Southeast Asia); the network was badly disrupted by Portuguese intrusion beginning around 1500. | 0 | |
| 13589803538 | trading post empire | Form of imperial dominance based on control of trade rather than on control of subject peoples. | 1 | |
| 13589809128 | Philippines | Spanish colony in the Pacific whom the US helped free from the Spanish, but soon after took as their own colony | 2 | |
| 13589822775 | British/Dutch East India companies | Private trading companies chartered by the governments of England and the Netherlands around 1600; they were given monopolies on Indian Ocean trade, including the right to make war and to rule conquered peoples. | 3 | |
| 13589826601 | Tokugawa Shogunate | was a semi-feudal government of Japan in which one of the shoguns unified the country under his family's rule. They moved the capital to Edo, which now is called Tokyo. This family ruled from Edo 1868, when it was abolished during the Meiji Restoration. | 4 | |
| 13589835239 | Silver Drain | the concept of how most of the silver in late 1500's to early 1600's ended up in China. The main sources of silver came from the Americas, specifically from Potosi, a mountain containing vastly immense deposits of silver. | 5 | |
| 13589843188 | Potosi | Located in Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in colonial Spanish America. | 6 | |
| 13589843194 | Soft Gold | Nickname used in the early modern period for animal furs, highly valued for their warmth and as symbols of elite status; in several regions, the fur trade generated massive wealth for those engaged in it. | 7 | |
| 13589848552 | Africa Diaspora | African cultural elements that are reestablished outside the continent of Africa | 8 | |
| 13589853493 | Benin/Dahomey | 1450-1750 : A west-African kingdom ( in what is now Nigeria) whose strong kinds sharply limited engagement with the slave trade. A West African kingdom that became strong through its rulers' exploitation of the slave trade. | 9 | |
| 13589856357 | Ayuba Suleiman Diallo | sold into slavery in West Africa and transported to work on a plantation in Maryland in 1730, this well-educated Muslim(1700-1773) became a celebrity in England because of his life story. He returned to his home in West Africa in 1734 after philanthropists bought his freedom. | 10 | |
| 13589859320 | Protestant Reformation | A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. | 11 | |
| 13589861573 | Catholic Counter-Reformation | An internal reform of the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century; thanks especially to the work of the Council of Trent (1545-1563), Catholic leaders clarified doctrine, corrected abuses and corruption, and put a new emphasis on education and accountability. | 12 | |
| 13589863725 | Taki Onqoy | Literally, "dancing sickness"; a religious revival movement in central Peru in the 1560s whose members preached the imminent destruction of Christianity and of the Europeans in favor of a renewed Andean golden age. | 13 | |
| 13589866155 | Ursula de Jesus | Slave and later religious lay woman at the Peruvian Convent of Santa Clara (1606-1666); a lucky escape inspired her to pursue a pious life of mortification and good works, gaining a reputation as a woman of extraordinary devotion and humility as well as a visionary and mystic. | 14 | |
| 13589871278 | Jesuits in China | Series of Jesuit missionaries in the late 16th and 17th centuries who, inspired by the work of Matteo Ricci, made extraordinary efforts to understand and become a part of Chinese culture in their efforts to convert the Chinese elite, although with limited success | 15 | |
| 13589879318 | Wahhabi Islam | Major Islamic movement led by the Muslim theologian Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792) that advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to the sharia (Islamic law). | 16 | |
| 13589883093 | Kaozheng | Literally, "research based on evidence"; Chinese intellectual movement whose practitioners emphasized the importance of evidence and analysis, applied especially to historical documents. | 17 | |
| 13589893465 | Mirabai | One of India's most beloved bhakti poets (1498-1547), she helped break down the barriers of caste and tradition. | 18 | |
| 13589896369 | Sikhism | the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam | 19 | |
| 13589898744 | Copernicus | Devised a model of the universe with the Sun at the center, and not earth. | 20 | |
| 13589901590 | Issac Newton | British scientist who defined the laws of motion, discovered gravity, experimented with optics, invented differential calculus and wrote "Principia" | 21 | |
| 13589908470 | European Enlightenment | European intellectual movement of the eighteenth century that applied the lessons of the Scientific Revolution to human affairs and was noted for its commitment to open-mindedness and inquiry and the belief that knowledge could transform human society. | 22 | |
| 13589910555 | Voltaire | (1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church. | 23 | |
| 13589914610 | Condorcet and the idea of progress | The Marquis de Condorcet (1743-1794) was a French philosopher and political scientist who argued that human affairs were moving into an era of near infinite improvability, with slavery, racism, tyranny, and other human trials swept away by the triumph of reason | 24 | |
| 13589917347 | Cortes | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547) | 25 | |
| 13589920826 | The Great Dying | Term used to describe the devastating demographic impact of European-borne epidemic diseases on the Americas. | 26 | |
| 13589923141 | Dona Marina | Aztec woman who became an interpreter for Hernando Cortes during his conquest of the Aztec empire | 27 | |
| 13589927641 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | 28 | |
| 13589930455 | Peninsulares | Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class. | 29 | |
| 13589935001 | Mestizo | A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry. | 30 | |
| 13589939844 | Plantation Complex | Agricultural system based on African slavery that was used in Brazil, the Caribbean, and the southern colonies of North America. | 31 | |
| 13589943857 | Mulattoes | People of African and European descent | 32 | |
| 13589947320 | Settler Colonies | Colonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rather than simply spending relatively small numbers to exploit the region; particularly noteworthy in the case of the British colonies in North America. | 33 | |
| 13589949882 | Siberia | The northeastern sector of Asia or the Eastern half of Russia. | 34 | |
| 13589952691 | Yasak | Tribute that Russian rulers demanded from the native peoples of Siberia, most often in the form of furs. | 35 | |
| 13589955310 | Qing dynasty empire | Ruling dynasty of China from 1644 to 1912; the Qing rulers were originally from Manchuria, which had conquered China. | 36 | |
| 13589959083 | Mughal Empire | Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. | 37 | |
| 13589962419 | Akbar | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. | 38 | |
| 13589964813 | Humanism | A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements | 39 | |
| 13589966974 | Printing Press | A mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a woodblock or type to paper using ink. Presses using movable type first appeared in Europe in about 1450. | 40 | |
| 13589969341 | Divine Right | Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god. | 41 | |
| 13589973624 | Mandate of Heaven | a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source | 42 | |
| 13589977443 | Treaty of Tordesillas | A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. | 43 | |
| 13589981821 | Encomienda System | It gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people and convert them to Christianity | 44 | |
| 13589991103 | Hacienda system | similar to the feudal system, Natives got money and had to buy their products from their owners | 45 | |
| 13589994054 | Mercantilism | An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought | 46 | |
| 13589997538 | Thirty Years War | Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire ends with peace of westpahlia.1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire. | 47 | |
| 13590001316 | Council of Trent | Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend. | 48 | |
| 13590004503 | Elizabeth I | (1533-1603) Queen of England and Ireland between 1558 and 1603. She was an absolute monarch and is considered to be one of the most successful rulers of all time. | 49 | |
| 13590010082 | James I | The first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1925 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625 | 50 | |
| 13590022808 | charles I | son of James I who was King of England and Scotland and Ireland | 51 | |
| 13590028741 | Oliver Cromwell | English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658) | 52 | |
| 13590031992 | Catherine the Great | Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729-1796) | 53 | |
| 13590035659 | Peter the Great | (1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. | 54 | |
| 13590037630 | Thomas Hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679) | 55 | |
| 13590039587 | John Locke | 17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property. | 56 | |
| 13590044469 | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy | 57 | |
| 13590047539 | Montesquieu | French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755) | 58 |
