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| 12964901268 | Black Death | One of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe in the years 1347-51. | 0 | |
| 12969180993 | Ethnocentrism | Judging foreigners by the standards of one's own group | 1 | |
| 12969184121 | Core Nations | The industrialized capitals countries on which periphery countries and semi-periphery countries depend. These countries control and benefit from the global market. | 2 | |
| 12969205183 | Peripheral Nations | These countries are less developed than the semi-periphery and core countries. These countries usually receive a disproportionately small share of global wealth. | 3 | |
| 12969232153 | Potosi | The largest silver mine the New World. | 4 | |
| 12969243622 | Mita | A form of mandatory public service that was done as a tribute to the Incan government. | 5 | |
| 12969273123 | New Spain | Spanish colonial possessions in Mesoamerica in territories once part of Aztec imperial system | 6 | |
| 12969314605 | Mexico City | Capital of New Spain built on the ruins of Tenochtitlan | 7 | |
| 12969314606 | Hispaniola | First island in Carribean settled by Spaniards; settlement founded by Columbus on second voyage to the New World. | 8 | |
| 12969319906 | Columbian Exchange | The Exchange of plants, animals, ideas, people, and diseases after 1492. | 9 | |
| 12969343056 | Treaty of Tordesillas | concluded in 1494 between Castille and Portugal; clarified spheres of influence and rights of possession; in the new World Brazil went to Portugal and the rest to Spain | 10 | |
| 12969373657 | Conquistadors | Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. Led to the removal of Arawaks from the Bahamas who were then put in to slavery. Expanded Spanish conquest and exploration in South and North America. | 11 | |
| 12969381802 | Protestant Reformation | Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. It resulted in the 'protesters' forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and Reformed Churches and the Church of England. | 12 | |
| 12969389713 | Martin Luther | German Catholic monk who initiated the Protestant Reformation; emphasized the primacy of faith for gaining salvation in place of Catholic sacraments; rejected papal authority. | 13 | |
| 12969409667 | John Calvin | Presbyterian version of Martin Luther | 14 | |
| 12969418054 | Treaty of Nantes | A French royal edict allowing the practice of Protestantism even though France was officially Catholic. | 15 | |
| 12969433565 | Renaissance | This was essentially a flowering of literature and art. | 16 | |
| 12969444802 | Michelangelo | Painter, a sculptor, architect, and poet; painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, sculptures of David, Moses and Pieta; designed the Dome of St. Peter's Cathedral | 17 | |
| 12969486580 | Da Vinci | Italian painter, engineer, musician, and scientist. The most versatile genius of the Renaissance, Leonardo filled notebooks with engineering and scientific observations that were in some cases centuries ahead of their time. As a painter Leonardo is best known for The Last Supper (c. 1495) and Mona Lisa (c. 1503). | 18 | |
| 12969492025 | Atlantic Slave Trade | The trade of human beings taken from Africa and transported to Europe, the Caribbean and primarily the Americas./This practice forever changed the societies of all its participants. | 19 | |
| 12969506586 | Plantation | large estate farmed by many workers | 20 | |
| 12969511558 | Haciendas | rural agricultural and herding estates; produced for consumerism America; basis for wealth and power of the local aristocracy | 21 | |
| 12969530378 | Encomiendas | Grants of estates Indian laborers made to Spanish conquerors and settlers in Latin America; established a framework for relations based on economic dominance. | 22 | |
| 12969547854 | Creole | New race: Spanish and American | 23 | |
| 12969563132 | Chattel Slavery | ownership of human beings; a system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought as sold like property. | 24 | |
| 12969570134 | Mestizo | New race: European and Native American | 25 | |
| 12969576735 | Mulatto | New race: European and African America | 26 | |
| 12969589451 | Indentured Servitude | A person who agreed to work for a colonial employer for a specified time (often to pay off a debt) in exchange for passage to America. They have little rights and were treated similarly to slaves. | 27 | |
| 12969593958 | Thirty Years War | 1618-1648, fought between German Protestants and their allies and the Holy Roman emperor and Spain,; caused great destruction | 28 | |
| 12969613492 | Treaty of Westphalia | ended the Thirty Years War in 1648; granted right of individual rulers and cities to choose their own religion for their people; Netherlands gained independence | 29 | |
| 12969629168 | Time of Troubles | Early 17th-century period of boyar efforts to regain power and foreign invasion after the death of Ivan IV without an heir; ended with the selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613. | 30 | |
| 12969704578 | Samarai | Warriors who were loyal to a feudal lord in Japan./The samurai helped feudal lords maintain conflict in Japan for many years. | 31 | |
| 12969743189 | Ottoman Empire | Gunpowder Empire founded in 1300s and will last until after WWI | 32 | |
| 12969749847 | Janissaries | Conscripted youths from conquered regions who were trained as Ottoman infantry divisions; became an important political influence after the 15th century | 33 | |
| 12969762268 | Grand Vizier | Head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after the 15th century often more powerful than the sultan | 34 | |
| 12969776596 | Akbar the Great | son and successor of Hymayn; built up the military and administrative structure of the dynasty; followed policies of cooperation and toleration with the Hindu majority -good ruler (tolerant) - 1556- 1605 - sound and enduring foundation - gave all non-muslims same rights as muslims - did away with Jiyza | 35 | |
| 12969792871 | Safavid Empire | Gunpowder Empire comprising modern day Iran/Persia | 36 | |
| 12969805100 | Mughal | Founded by Babur; This empire dominated India after the fall of the Delhi Sultanate before being intimately usurped (taken over) by the British. Descended from Timur and Genghis Khan. Lasted from the 16th to 18th century. Why were they important? For their tolerance and Muslim Rule Empire declined due to Rebellions | 37 | |
| 12969844149 | Manchu | Federation of Northeast Asian peoples who founded the Qing Empire. | 38 | |
| 12969847098 | Moors | The Medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus (Spain) and the Maghreb (northwest African coast, west of Egypt). They captured Spain in 700s, and were expelled from Spain in 1492 | 39 | |
| 12969861071 | Old Believers | Conservative Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov; many were exiled to southern Russia or Siberia | 40 | |
| 12969872295 | Boyars | Land owning aristocracy in early Russia. They had authority and were part of the higher class in the social hierarchy. | 41 | |
| 12969876886 | Cossacks | peasant-adventurers with agricultural and military skills, recruited to conquer and settle in newly seized lands in southern Russia and Siberia | 42 | |
| 12969879576 | Ivan the Great | Ivan III, was the Grand Duke of Moscow, ended Mongol domination of his dukedom, extended territories, subdued nobles, and attained absolute power; made Moscow the center of a new Russian state with a central government | 43 | |
| 12969892161 | Ivan the Terrible | This king of Muscovy defeated the Mongols and added a great deal to his kingdom. He did not, however, conquer Livonia, a port on the Baltic sea which he desperately wanted. He was known as terrible for his treatment of boyars, the hereditary nobility in Muscovy, as he abused, killed, and/or transplanted them and then replaced them with others who were loyal to him. | 44 | |
| 12969897666 | Peter the Great | czar from 1689 to 1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; sought to change selected aspects of the economy and culture through imitation of western European models | 45 | |
| 12969912759 | Ming | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. | 46 | |
| 12969912760 | Absolute Monarchy | a form of monarchy in which the monarch holds supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written law, legislature, or customs. These are often hereditary | 47 | |
| 12969922110 | Royal Chartered European Monopoly Companies | From the sixteenth century onwards, groups of European investors formed companies to underwrite and profit from the exploration of Africa, India, Asia, the Caribbean and North America, usually under the patronage of one state, which issued the company's charter. But chartered companies go back into the medieval period | 48 | |
| 12969925406 | Joint-stock companies | a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders. | 49 | |
| 12969933680 | Mercantilism | an economic system in which you export more than you import | 50 | |
| 12969959716 | Christopher Columbus | Italian mariner who sailed for Spain; landed in the Caribbean thinking he'd sailed west to Asia. | 51 | |
| 12969968733 | Battle of Chaldiran | The Safavids vs. Ottomans | 52 | |
| 12970001374 | Johannes Gutenberg | Invented the movable type printing press | 53 | |
| 12970018572 | Shah jahan | had the Taj Mahal built in 1650 | 54 | |
| 12970030496 | Line of Demarcation/Treaty of Tordesillas | a split in the land between Portugal and Spain | 55 | |
| 12970044288 | ZhangHe | Born in 1371 in China; fought and captured pirates and controlled 300 ships; had his voyages ended because the emperor said we must spend money on the wall | 56 | |
| 12970231238 | Military, Taxes, and Indian Princes (Rajput) | Techniques used by Mughals to build and maintain their empire | 57 | |
| 12970242826 | Zamindars | tax collectors in Mughal Empire taxed agriculture and trade | 58 | |
| 12970322282 | Aurangzeb | Mughal emperor - said to have ruined the empire - not tolerant - forced muslim views on Hindu - No music or art - regular burial | 59 | |
| 12970371470 | British East India Company | gained control over India in 1757- up until after WWII | 60 | |
| 12970925421 | School of Athens Raphael 1510 Rome | 5 Art Pieces to Know |  | 61 |
| 12970947391 | St Basils Cathedral 1561 Moscow | 5 Art Pieces to Know |  | 62 |
| 12970958884 | Taj Mahal 1650 India | 5 Art Pieces to Know |  | 63 |
| 12970976009 | Las Castas 1700 Mexico | 5 Art Pieces to Know |  | 64 |
| 12971017741 | Palace of Versailles 1710 France | 5 Art Pieces to Know |  | 65 |
