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| 7394788321 | Andean societies | - Second millenium BCE - in the central Andes and Pacific coast of South America - semi/urbanized cultures - economic surplus? | 0 | |
| 7394793213 | Mississippian culture | - last of the mound-building cultures of North America - flourished between 800 and 1300 C.E. - featured large towns and ceremonial centers - lacked stone architecture of Central America. | 1 | |
| 7394797659 | Anasazi | - Native American culture flourishing in southern Colorado and Utah and Northern New Mexico and Arizona from about 100 AD - descendents include the present-day Pueblo people - culture includes Basket Maker phase, and later marked by creation of cliff dwellings and expert artisanship - they worshipped in subterranean buildings called kivas | 2 | |
| 7394805184 | Cultural diffusion vs. independent innovation | Cultural diffusion is a social process resulting in the transfer of beliefs, values, and social activities (like games or sports) from one society to another while independent innovation is the development of the same culture trait or pattern in many different culture hearths (the developed independently of each other) as a result of comparable needs and circumstances | 3 | |
| 7394817034 | Aristocracy | - a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility - the wealthiest, most priveliged members of society | 4 | |
| 7394824347 | Parliamentary bodies | Senate and voting bodies? | 5 | |
| 7394839006 | Patrilineal/patrilocal | - patrilineal relates to a social system in which inheritance rights and family descent is traced though the father - patrilocal refers to the pattern where married couples live with or near the husband's parents/family | 6 | |
| 7394845725 | Oligarchy | A government in which only a small group of people hold the power | 7 | |
| 7394851373 | Republics/Democracies | - Republic: state or country that is led by people who do not base their political power on any principle beyond the control of the people living in that state or country. - Democracy: form of government in which policy is decided by the preference of the majority in a decision-making process, usually elections or referendums, open to all or most citizens. | 8 | |
| 7394855618 | Theocracy | - a government thought to be guided by a divine power - controlled by religious leaders | 9 | |
| 7394864387 | Slavery vs. serfdom | - Slavery: the condition of being owned by another person and being made to work without wages - Serfdom: A medieval peasant who was forced to work the land of a lord's manor in exchange for protection. They were little more than slaves. | 10 | |
| 7394867107 | War | state of widespread conflict between states, organisations, or relatively large groups of people, which is characterised by the use of violent, physical force between combatants or upon civilians | 11 | |
| 7394871866 | Trade routes | sequence of pathways and stopping places used for the commercial transport of cargo | 12 | |
| 7394876129 | Polynesian migrations | mariners with canoes who migrated to Hawaii, Samoa, Fiji, Tahiti, New Zealand, Marquesas, and Easter Island | 13 | |
| 7394880906 | Eurasia's great age of migrations | People, mainly from Central Asia, migrated outward. In particular, Europe was flooded by an influx of Germanic and Asiatic invaders that were seen as barbaric invaders but eventually settled there. | 14 | |
| 7394899341 | Polytheism | Belief in more than one God | 15 | |
| 7394902382 | Zoroastiranism | - Persian religion based on the teaching of the 6th century BCE prophet Zarathustra - its emphasis on the duality of good and evil and on the role of individuals in determining their own fate would influence later religions | 16 | |
| 7394905901 | The Ten Commandments | - Hebrew law governing religioius belief and behavior - set forth by God and brought to the people by Moses | 17 | |
| 7394908492 | The Torah | - first five books of the Old Testament (in the bible) - most sacred book in Judaism | 18 | |
| 7394913528 | The Talmud | The collection of ancient rabbinic writings on Jewish law and tradition (the Mishna and the Gemara) that constitute the basis of religious authority in Orthodox Judaism | 19 | |
| 7394917002 | YHWH | The Hebrew name for God, sometimes translated into "I AM" or "the One Who Is" or "The One Who Causes to Be What Is" | 20 | |
| 7394920715 | Abraham | The first patriarch in the Bible. Abraham was asked by God to sacrifice his son, Isaac, and was rewarded for being prepared to do so. He is considered by Jewish people as the father of the Israelites through his son Isaac, and by Muslims as the father of Arab peoples through his son Ishmael. | 21 | |
| 7394930506 | Moses and the Exodus from Egypt - Passover | Passover to celebrate the day the Jews were led out of Egypt and into their land by Moses. | 22 | |
| 7397152687 | David and Solomon | - kingdom period of the Hebrews with the capital in Jerusalem - at this time the Egyptian and Hittite Empires were receding and it allowed for the Hebrews to establish a kingdom - King David ruled Israel from 990 BCE to 968 BCE; and his son Solomon ruled after him until 928 BCE. David enlarged his kingdom and brought it to the peak of political and military power. Solomon "ruled over all the kingdoms west of the Euphrates River from Tiphsah to Gaza; he was at peace with all his neighbors" | 23 | |
| 7397162275 | Jewish Diaspora | The global dispersion of the Jewish people from their ancestral homeland (in modern-day Israel), with a history dating back millennia. | 24 | |
| 7397166476 | Vedism (Rig-Veda) | early Indian religion, heavy emphasis on the 4 Vedas, priests very important-performed complex rituals, sacrifice brought you closer to the gods | 25 | |
| 7397171213 | Hinduism (Upanishads, Mahabharata, Bhagavad-Gita) | Upanishads- later books of the Vedas; contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas (concerning the relations of humans, God, and the universe); sacred writings in Hinduism; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority Mahabharata- Massive ancient Indian epic that was developed orally for centuries; it tells of an epic civil war between two family branches. Bhagavad-Gita - the sacred 'song of God' composed about 200 BC and incorporated into the Mahabharata (a Sanskrit epic) | 26 | |
| 7397176881 | Samsara, Karma, Dharma | Samsara- the Hindu cycle of death and rebirth (reincarnation) Karma- the belief that a person's actions determines their destiny in their next incarnation Dharma- a person's religious and moral duties | 27 | |
| 7397184153 | Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva- | - Gods of Hinduism: 1: Brahma- god of creation 2: Vishnu- god of protection 3: Shiva- god of destruction | 28 | |
| 7397190668 | Laws of Manu | 200 BCE > 200 CE - support of caste system | 29 | |
| 7397195237 | Buddhism | - founded by Siddhartha Guatama (the Buddha) - originated between 535 and 528 BCE - based on the 4 Noble Truths - no caste system - promoted by King Ashoka (Mauryan Dynasty) | 30 | |
| 7397202577 | Four Noble Truths | - the foundation of Buddhist thought 1: life is pain 2: pain is caused by desire 3: elimination of desire will bring an end to pain 4: living a life based on the Noble Eightfold Path will eliminate desire | 31 | |
| 7397206471 | Eightfold Path | - final truth of the Buddhist Four Noble Truths that called for leading a life of balance and constant contemplation | 32 | |
| 7397214360 | Siddhartha Gautama | - founder of Buddhism - born a prince but left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering - he wandered the forests of India for 6 years seeking enlightenment - he believed in the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path where you aim to reach nirvana - known as the Buddha | 33 | |
| 7397220576 | Nirvana | - Buddhist concept of a state of spiritual perfection and enlightenment in which distracting passions are eliminated | 34 | |
| 7397225026 | Theravada (Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism) | In Hinayana, the Buddha is the Teacher and in Mahayana the Buddha is God. | 35 | |
| 7397230824 | Daoism | Daoism - Chinese philosophy with origins in the Zhou Dynasty - associated with legendary philosopher Laozi - self-sufficient - created to try and end the period of warring states - "Wu Wei" - SOCIAL and politcal - coexist with nature - go with the flow | 36 | |
| 7397236055 | Tao-te Ching and the I Ching | the philosophical book in verse supposedly written by Lao-tzu | 37 | |
| 7397240382 | Laozi | - the "Old Master" who encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature - founder of Daoism | 38 | |
| 7397244107 | Mandate of Heaven | Chinese religious and political ideology developed by the Zhou, was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China. | 39 | |
| 7397247093 | Confucianism | - philosophy based on the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi (Confucius) - created to try and end the period of warring states - social and political - 3 principles: Ren, Li, Xiao - focused on education (liberal arts) - junzi - optimistic | 40 | |
| 7397251696 | Analects | - main book of Confucianism - profoundly influenced Chinese political and cultural traditions - after his death, some of his pupils compiled the master's sayings and teachings and it became known as this | 41 | |
| 7397256790 | K'ung Fu-tza (Confucius) | - Western name for the Chinese philosopher Kongzi (551-479 BCE) - his doctrine of duty and public service had a great influence on subsequent Chinese thought and served as a code of conduct for government officials - founder of Confucianism | 42 |
