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| 460939925 | Hominids | •Appeared 3 to 4 million years ago in southern and eastern Africa •Humanlike creatures called primates •Mary and Louis Leakey hominid fossils in the Great Rift Valley •"Lucy," an Australopithecine fossil, found in 1974 •Three major differences from earlier primates; bipedalism (gives ability to walk upright), a sizable brain (enables abstract thought and fine motor control), and a larynx (allows for complex speech) •Thought-processing ability led to alteration of the natural environment to suit human needs | 0 | |
| 822618038 | Paleolithic Era-Economy | •Called Old Stone Age (ca. 10,000 to 2.5 million years ago) •Greatest concerns: steady and plentiful food supply and clothing. •Stone and bone tools included spears, bows, arrows, fishhooks, harpoons, and clay pots. •Humans were nomadic hunters and gatherers. •Predates agricultural societies. | 1 | |
| 139499673 | Paleolithic Era- Society | •Social groups: extended families grew into clans; clans mixed with neighboring groups to form tribes with sophisticated organization, including chiefs, leaders, and religious figures •Organized warfare with weapons: rocks, clubs, knives, spears, axes, and bows and arrows •Worship of deities; religious rituals included sacrifices to gods, goddesses and spirits •Expression through art and music such as cave paintings and flutes •Division of labor assigned by gender: men hunted, women gathered | 2 | |
| 887949586 | Neolithic Era- Origins | ... | 3 | |
| 430757882 | Neolithic Era- Culture | ... | 4 | |
| 288846385 | Bantu Migrations | ... | 5 | |
| 58485284 | Bronze Age | ... | 6 | |
| 336979980 | Mesopotamia | ... | 7 | |
| 249614794 | Nile River Civilization | •Elaborate polytheistic religion based on concept of life after death-subject of religious text the Egyptian Book of the Dead-chief deity, Re, sun god. •A woman had the right to divorce, receive alimony, own property, manage a business and become a priestess | 8 | |
| 574635621 | Hammurabi's Code | ... | 9 | |
| 607331181 | Assyrian Empire | •Appointed officers in charge of standardized unit on the basis of merit, skill, and bravery, rather than noble birth and family connections •Used horse-drawn chariots to conquer standing armies •Government: a combination of administrative techniques (first used by Hammurabi) and a powerful and intimidating military machine | 10 | |
| 292555277 | Iron Metallurgy | ... | 11 | |
| 169402422 | Patriarchal Society | ... | 12 | |
| 169402423 | Orgins of Writing | •Cuneiform , the earliest known writing originated in Mesopotamia. •Record keeping for trade purposes became necessary as society became increasingly more complex •Sumerians developed a writing system based on pictures while Egypt used Hieroglyphs. •One example of job specialization : the scribe, who prepared legal and other documents. | 13 | |
| 352932043 | Hebrews | •Nomads who originally settled between Mesopotamia and Egypt. •Developed the world's first class monotheistic religion- the worship of Yahweh • Hebrew bible contains experiences and practices of Israelites during this period. | 14 | |
| 544412810 | Phoenicians | •Lived between eastern Mediterranean Sea and Lebanon, earned a reputation as seafaring traders in the millennium B.C.E •Establishment of city-states throughout the Mediterranean allowed them to dominate trade in the Mediterranean basin. •Developed a writing system of twenty-two symbols representing sounds that aided in their long-distance commercial activities. •Their alphabet spread throughout the region as they traded products such as glass, textiles, and timber.(The Latin alphabet emerged out of the Phonetic dialect) | 15 | |
| 483311633 | Indus River Civilization | •Originated in the Indus River Valley ca. 2500 B.C.E. •Two main cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. •Cities were well planned, fortified, and well constructed. •Long Distance Trade. •Nobody knows why it declined because written language remains un translated. | 16 | |
| 483311834 | Vedic Age | •A period in Indian History, between 1500 and 500 B.C.E, when the Vedas were recorded; Rig Veda is the most important of these. •Recorded a number of literary and religious works in the Sanskrit including songs, hymns, and prayers honoring Aryan gods, were handed down by Brahmin priests. | 17 | |
| 483311835 | Caste System | •Developed over time as the Aryans established settlements in India. •Four main varnas (social classes) originally formed around skin color. •The Priests (Brahmins); warriors and aristocrats (Kshatriyas); cultivators, artisans, merchants (vaishyas); and landless peasants and serfs(Shudras) - later addition untouchables - who performed unpleasant tasks. •Occupation determined a persons jati or subcaste •castes and subcastes had a major impact on development of Hindu society complete with rules for interaction and intermarriage; severely limited social mobility. •Although the caste system continues to influence social practices of Hindus throughout India barriers have been broken down in urban areas. | 18 | |
| 483311836 | Zhou Dynasty | •Ruled by proclamation: military forces and allies disseminated laws and justice •Allied with Shang and adopted customs and culture and then overthrew Shang king •Zhou theory of politics: events of heaven and earth are closely related •Zhou cultural achievement: poetry, history, rituals, political essays, morals, religion, and philosophy. | 19 | |
| 483311837 | Mandate of Heaven | •Power to rule comes from heavenly powers this "mandate of heaven" is granted to an individual who is deserving, known as the "son of heaven" •Events on earth and in heaven are directly connected. | 20 | |
| 483311838 | Olmecs | •Olmecs (means "rubber people") are named after trees from the region in which they flourished. •Centers of Olmec society: San Lorenzo, La Venta, and Tres Zapotes in Central America •Adequate rainfall allowed for the construction of drainage; irrigation systems led to abundant harvests •Authoritarian rule led to the creation of extensive public works projects, including altars, temples pyramids and tombs •Famous for gigantic human head sculptures | 21 | |
| 450014109 | Bronze Age | •Metallurgy originated with the use of copper•In the Neolithic era copper was combined with tin to create bronze •Bronze tools and weapons were first used in Mesopotamia ca. 4000-3000 B.C.E. •By ca. 1500-1000 B.C.E. craftsmen in Mesopotamia developed iron tools and weapons; this technology diffused throughout southwest Asia over time | 22 |
