The Post-Classical World, 500-1450
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER
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| 12416626019 | Bedouin | nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats | 0 | |
| 12416626020 | Mecca | Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam | 1 | |
| 12416626021 | Medina | town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar | 2 | |
| 12416626022 | Umayyad | First dynasty of the Arab-Islamic Caliphate | 3 | |
| 12416626023 | Muhammad | (570-632); Founding prophet of Islam, originally an Arabian merchant | 4 | |
| 12416626024 | Qur'an | the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam | 5 | |
| 12416626025 | Umma | community of the faithful within Islam | 6 | |
| 12416626026 | Five Pillars | the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) | 7 | |
| 12416626027 | Caliph | the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community | 8 | |
| 12416626028 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism | 9 | |
| 12416626029 | Abu Bakr | succeeded Muhammad as the first caliph | 10 | |
| 12416626030 | Jihad | Islamic holy war | 11 | |
| 12416626031 | Sunnis | followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads | 12 | |
| 12416626032 | Shi'a | followers of Ali's interpretation of Islam | 13 | |
| 12416626034 | Abbasids | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad | 14 | |
| 12416626035 | Hadiths | "traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of Islam | 15 | |
| 12416626036 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids | 16 | |
| 12416626037 | Crusades | invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291 | 17 | |
| 12416626038 | Ulama | Islamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking | 18 | |
| 12416626039 | Sufis | Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions | 19 | |
| 12416626040 | Mongols | central Asian nomadic peoples; Established huge empire connecting East and Central/Southwest Asia | 20 | |
| 12416626043 | Arabic numerals | Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West | 21 | |
| 12416626053 | Greek Fire | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; used to drive back the Arab fleets attacking Constantinople | 22 | |
| 12416626054 | Icons | images of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians | 23 | |
| 12416626055 | Iconoclasm | the breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th c; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to suppress icon veneration | 24 | |
| 12416626057 | Cyrillic | Written script for Russian/Slavic tongues. Developed by Byzantine monks to aid Christianization | 25 | |
| 12416626058 | Kiev | commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th c; became the center for a kingdom that flourished until 12th c | 26 | |
| 12416626059 | Russian Orthodoxy | Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire | 27 | |
| 12416626063 | Vikings | seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th c; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America; formed permanent territories in Normandy and Sicily | 28 | |
| 12416626065 | Serfs | Peasant workers, unfree but not chattel slaves. Owed labor to land owners, could expect land and justice | 29 | |
| 12416626066 | Three-field system | practice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage-- an improvement making use of manure | 30 | |
| 12416626067 | Clovis | King of the Franks; converted to Catholic Christianity circa 496 | 31 | |
| 12416626068 | Carolingians | royal house of Franks from 8th c to 10th c | 32 | |
| 12416626069 | Charlemagne | Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 800 | 33 | |
| 12416626070 | Holy Roman Emperors | political heirs to Charlemagne's empire in northern Italy and Germany; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy | 34 | |
| 12416626071 | Feudalism | Theoretical political system of medieval Europe in which power devolves from center to lnadowning nobles | 35 | |
| 12416626081 | Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism | emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia | 36 | |
| 12416626084 | Grand Canal | great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin | 37 | |
| 12416626085 | Junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula | 38 | |
| 12416626087 | Footbinding | male imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household; seen a beautiful to the elite. | 39 | |
| 12416626105 | Muhammad's primary historical achievement | spread of Islam | 40 | |
| 12416626106 | Silk Road Trade system | System of multiple land trade routes connecting East Asia to Mediterranean, and South and Central Asia |  | 41 |
| 12416626113 | Tang Dynasty | followed Sui, established tributary states in Vietnam and Korea, influence Japan, Established strong Buddhist and Confucian presence | 42 | |
| 12416626114 | Indian Ocean Maritime Trade | Maritime trade routes connecting India to East African and SW Asia. Aided spread of Indian technology and ideas and spread of Islam to India |  | 43 |
