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| 9154862602 | What crises was Eurasia recovering from in the 1400's? | the black plauge | 0 | |
| 9154865294 | Who was Zheng He and why did his expeditions stop? | - he went on voyages in the Indian Ocean Basin and liberally dispensed gifts of Chinese silk, porcelain, and other goods. In return, he received, for example, African zebras and giraffes - the Chinese stopped supporting Zheng He's voyages because they wanted their expenses to be devoted to agriculture | 1 | |
| 9154871869 | European state building? | the smaller European states began to centralize | 2 | |
| 9154871870 | What was the Renaissance? | it was a time that represented a "rebirth" in Western Europe - trade - population - learning - emphasis on classics | 3 | |
| 9154878706 | What is humanism? | a movement that focused on the achievements of mankind and celebrated their abilities and triumphs as signs of their connections with God | 4 | |
| 9154882744 | What were the motivations for European maritime exploration? | - wealth, new land, new foods, and more goods (leads to wealth) - spread of Christianity - sailing is cheaper because you don't have to pay the person whose land you are traveling though | 5 | |
| 9154886782 | Compare and contrast Spanish and Portuguese exploration | the Spanish went west to Asia (believing that the earth was round) and the Portuguese went around Africa (believing that the earth was flat | 6 | |
| 9154888368 | What direction did Portuguese exploration go in? | south around Africa and then east to the Indian Ocean | 7 | |
| 9154892179 | What did Vasco da Gama and Bartolomeu Diaz do? | they went on voyages and were able to discover/create new trade routes which introduced societies to foreign products | 8 | |
| 9154895429 | What were Volta do Mar's? | monsoons that helped people further understand wind patterns which improved maritime voyages | 9 | |
| 9154898328 | Who was Christopher Columbus and what did he do? | - discovered America while on the search for a western trade route to Asia - he suggested that sailing west would be more profitable than sailing east | 10 | |
| 9154900922 | Who was Ferdinand Magellan? | on his voyage, he was able to complete the first circumnavigation around the world | 11 | |
| 9154903246 | How was Russian exploration different from other European countries? | rather than focusing on exploring the seas, Russia (who was landlocked and missed out on the Renaissance thanks to the Mongols so they didn't have as much technology) focused on exploring lands near them and expanding their borders | 12 | |
| 9155425076 | Who was the "second wave" of European Explorers ie: what two countries followed Spain and Portugal in the exploration game? | the English, the Dutch, and France | 13 | |
| 9155428339 | How was the use of trading posts a strategy for effectively controlling/managing trade empires? | they oversaw shipping between the South China Sea and Indian Ocean | 14 | |
| 9159419775 | What are joint stock companies? | - they are independent but work close with the government - companies are starting to gain power and influence and beginning to be the drivers of the economy | 15 | |
| 9159422039 | What are the two main examples of joint stock companies? | 1. English East India Trading Company 2. Dutch East India Trading Company | 16 | |
| 9159424391 | Who won the Seven Years War? | There was no clear "victor", but the British emerged as the strongest imperial power in the world | 17 | |
| 9159425915 | What was the Columbian Exchange? | 18 | ||
| 9159425916 | Which crops went from the Americas to Europe? | - tomatoes - potatoes - tobacco - avacados - squash - pumpkins - turkeys - peanuts - corn - sweet potatoes - peppers - pineapples - cacao - beans - vanilla | 19 | |
| 9159432214 | Which crops went from Europe to the Americas? | - disease - bananas - honey bees - coffee beans - sugar cane - grapes - citrus fruits - onions - olives - turnips - peaches - pears - grains - livestock | 20 | |
| 9159435866 | What were some good and bad population effects on the Americas, Europe, Africa, and the Dar al-Islam? | - the disease small pox decimated Native American population - improved diets increased population almost everywhere - the African Slave Trade caused millions of people to go from Africa to the Americas - animals (livestock) caused populations to rise | 21 | |
| 9159436908 | What are some environmental effects of Columbian Exchange? | - plants were being planted and traded in new regions - animals (livestock) were taken to new places - hunting for sport or business caused animal populations to drop | 22 | |
| 9159448121 | What is mercantilism? | states that a nations true power comes from its wealth and trade | 23 | |
| 9159449309 | What is capitalism? | - an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state - individual ownership of wealth and trade (private ownership) | 24 | |
| 9159459444 | What was early capitalism's effects on government? | - capitalism had huge support from the governments who saw the system as the best way to increase wealth - laws were passed that favored merchants and protected their financial interests - governments chartered joint stock companies to establish trade around the world - tax policy started to be used as a tool to generate economic activity/success | 25 | |
| 9159461776 | What is the putting out system? | it sidestepped urban guilds by sending raw materials to rural households who would then make the finished product | 26 | |
| 9159464428 | Who did the putting out system hurt? | guilds (artisans or merchants who oversaw the practice of their craft in a particular town) | 27 | |
| 9159465537 | Who was Adam Smith? | the biggest apologist for capitalism and cited still today in its defense | 28 | |
| 9159472070 | What were some ethical challenges of capitalism? | critics of capitalism claimed that it led to greed of individuals at the expense of the community, they also pointed out that it was a system of some winners but many losers | 29 | |
| 9159476061 | What were some of the issues facing the Church? | - different cultures - greed and corruption - the Church's attempt to eliminate pre-Christian traditions and alternative kinds of spirituality - the printing press | 30 | |
| 9159478674 | Who was Martin Luther? | he began the Protestant reformation by publicly criticizing the Catholic Church (the printing press helped spread his beliefs) | 31 | |
| 9159506329 | Who is Henry VIII? | King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife but the pope would not let him to do so Henry's response was to sever relations with the Roman Church and make himself Supreme Head of the Angelican Church (an English Pope) | 32 | |
| 9159508868 | Who is John Calvin? | he started his own Church called Calvanism and had a controversial idea called predestination (Protestants and Catholics objected) | 33 | |
| 9159510725 | What is the Council of Trent? | - highpoint of the Catholic reformation (the Catholic Church fixing themselves) - where all the Church leaders made decisions of that they were going to change | 34 | |
| 9159514900 | Who is Saint Ignatius/Jesuits? | founder of the Society of Jesus | 35 | |
| 9159516544 | What was the Thirty Years War? | - the most devastating religious based conflict in Europe, the last war of religion - after the Thirty Years War, the states either drifted towards Absolutism or constitutional Monarchies - the last major religious war | 36 | |
| 9159520643 | Who was Charles V and the Hapsburg Empire? | - Charles attempted to build a European empire, however, this failed - Charles V became emperor of the Hapsburg Empire | 37 | |
| 9159522324 | What is the English Civil War? | England was turning to a constitutionaly based monarchy which only really happened because of the English Civil War | 38 | |
| 9159523408 | What is the Glorious Revolution? | English Civil War established a new constitutional monarchy and the glorious revolution was trying to keep a constitutional monarchy | 39 | |
| 9159527950 | What is the Dutch Republic? | the Dutch fought and won their independence from Spain with the help of the English | 40 | |
| 9159530824 | What is Absolutism/Divine Right? | - absolutism was a theory that kings derived their authority from God and served as "God's lieutenants upon earth" - the divine right theory reflected efforts at royal centralization - kings had absolute power | 41 | |
| 9159533330 | Who is Louis XIV and how does he exemplify Absolutism? | - he built the Palace of Versailles - he provided nobles with endless entertainment in exchange for absolute rule - he was called "The Sun King" | 42 | |
| 9159536337 | Who is Peter I and how did he reform Russia? | - he reformed Russia's army by offering better pay and drafting peasants who served for life as professional soldiers, he ordered aristocrats to study mathematics and geometry so they could calculate how to aim cannons properly - he traveled throughout Europe and saw what England, France, Spain, and Italy were doing and decided to Westernize Europe - his reforms were aimed at making Russia more like Western Europe | 43 | |
| 9159538633 | What is the Peace of Westphalia? | - the end of the Thirty Years War - this laid the foundation for a system of independent, competing states - almost all of the European states participated in drafting the Peace of Westphalia and by the treaty's terms the regarded one another as sovereign and equal and they were allowed to organize their own domestic affairs (including religious affairs) - rather than envisioning supreme authority, this peace entrusted political and diplomatic affairs to states acting in their own interests - this did not bring an end to war but helped bring more peace | 44 | |
| 9159542601 | What was the balance of power in Europe and how was it achieved? | statesmen prevented the building of empires and ensured that Europe would be a land of independent, sovereign, competing states | 45 | |
| 9159547345 | Compare Europe's military situation and the Asian empires in India/China/Dar al-Islam | Europeans were way ahead in terms of military strategy and weapon technology because they were constantly at a race to be the strongest | 46 | |
| 9159549163 | How did Russia's situation vary from Western Europe? | - it had little trade or manufacturing and was sparsely populated - Western Europe was more advanced | 47 | |
| 9159550930 | What were the new ideas about the universe? | Copurnicus stated that the sun was the center of the universe (heliocentric) and Galileo proved Copurnicus's theory | 48 | |
| 9159552282 | What were Galileo's contributions? | he proved Copurnicus' theory | 49 | |
| 9159555558 | What were Isaac Newton's contributions? | - he had 3 laws of motion - he created the theory of gravity | 50 | |
| 9159557804 | What was the Enlightenment? | when European thinkers and scholars were rethinking and reassessing societeies, especially religion society and social expectation | 51 | |
| 9159559675 | What is Deism? | - people who believed in a God, but denied the supernatural teachings of Christianity, such as Jesus' virgin birth and resurrection - they were people who like the social teachings of Jesus but not the supernatural teachings of Christianity | 52 | |
| 9159563248 | What is the theory of progress? | the idea that mankind needs to be constantly improving itself and working towards perfection | 53 | |
| 9159566147 | What were the Taino and Spanish interactions? | - even though the Taino's resisted, the Spanish established a colony on Hispaniola - the Taino were forced to mine gold in the encomienda system - the Taino's were forced to work on plantations that grew cash crops - the Columbian exchange caused the spread of small pox to the Americas and the Taino were the first victims of this epidemic and completely died out by the mid 1500's - Taino words such as barbeque, hammock, tobacco, and hurricane still remain in this culture today | 54 | |
| 9159569258 | What is the Encomienda System? | a system where Spanish settlers 'provided' for Taino laborers and converted them to Christianity | 55 | |
| 9159573301 | What advantages did Hernan Cortez and Francisco Pizzaro have? | weapons such as horses, steel, and gunpowder and a military | 56 | |
| 9159576078 | How did British and French Colonial Administration differ from Spanish Colonial Administration? | - the British and French were less centralized, the king still had control, but there was a lot more local power and freedom given to the governments than the Spanish - the Spanish king took a very direct and strong approach to his control and used audenciences to keep an eye on the viceroys | 57 | |
| 9159580824 | How did British and French relationships with Natives differed from Spanish/Portuguese? | - the British and French never tried to force the Natives into slavery but they wanted to force them off of the land that they wanted to use - the Spanish wanted to use the Natives as slaves | 58 | |
| 9160433177 | how were the population numbers of the Natives impacted by European encounters? | small pox decimated the Natives | 59 | |
| 9160445057 | What was the social hierarchy in New Spain? | - the peninsulares were on top and were whites who were born in Spain/Portugal (lived in isolasted communities) - the criollos were second and were whites who were born in the Americas (lived in isolasted communities) - the mestizos (white/native) and mulattoes (white/African) were third - natives and Africans were fourth | 60 | |
| 9160448979 | What were the gender relations in colonial New Spain? | - woman in white communities (higher class) had strict expectations while mestizo woman (lower class) were more likely to work in the community - indigenous and African woman were at the bottom of the patriarchal system | 61 | |
| 9160459979 | Why was there was little 'mixing' of races in English colonies? | they had more males and females so they did not need to marry and have children with people outside of their community, unlike the Spanish who mainly brought men | 62 | |
| 9160462509 | What was silver's effect on the global economy? | - the influx of silver made Spain the wealthiest nation in the world - with the wealth that is received from silver, Spain created a military, European nations/countries were able to advance and thrive, and silver was able to travel all over the world thanks to merchants and well established maritime trade routes (most silver went to Asia to buy items such as silk, spices, and porcelain which is mostly why Europeans explored the New World in the first place) | 63 | |
| 9160476111 | What was the main product grown in Brazil? | engenho (sugar mill) | 64 | |
| 9160479330 | Why did the Portuguese have issues with labor in Brazil? | the Portuguese found small migratory groups (nomadic) of people to work for them who were not good at agricultural labor, as a result, the Portuguese needed to import slaves from Africa to work for them | 65 | |
| 9160482962 | What was the main cash crop in the English colonies? | tobacco | 66 | |
| 9160485139 | What was indentured labor in the English colonies? | they were white people who owed money and instead of going to jail, they worked to pay of their monetary debt/crime | 67 | |
| 9160488794 | What are some examples of religious blending in New Spain? | the Spanish looked at it as a big part of their mission to convert Natives to Christianity | 68 | |
| 9160491322 | What were the differences in missionary work between the Spanish and the British/French? | the Spanish were very active and actually declared it a goal to confer as many natives as possible to Catholicism and the British were more focused on keeping the white settlers Christian than by spreading Christianity | 69 | |
| 9160514187 | Who mapped out the british settlement of Australia and what kind of people were brought to it? | James Cook mapped out the first British settlement of Australia which was mostly made up of convicts | 70 | |
| 9160515988 | What was the nature of original Spanish exploration/trade in the Pacific? | the Spanish established the Manilla Galleon trade route so that they would have a way to get Spanish silver from the Americas to Asia | 71 | |
| 9160520213 | What were similarities between the experience of Guam and the Americas with Spanish contact? | the encombienda system and disease | 72 | |
| 9160538894 | What was the Portuguese's role in the development and changes in Kingdom of Kongo? | they Christianized it and were very successful in spreading Christianity to the people of Kongo, they also strengthened Kongo for a little bit, but once their relationship weakened the kingdom of Kongo was destroyed | 73 | |
| 9160570984 | How did the Antonian Movement exemplify syncretic religion in Sub-Saharan Africa? | an African queen heard about Christianity and blended St. Anthony's story and blended it with African beliefs | 74 | |
| 9160573789 | What was slavery in Africa like prior to European contact? (African & Islamic slave trade) | at first, Islamic forces went to Africa to buy slaves, but then they began capturing them on their own | 75 | |
| 9160580060 | Why did the Spanish & Portuguese need the African Slave Trade? | it widened maritime trade, the slaves worked in agriculture, and slaves were forced to work for the government such as mining | 76 | |
| 9160582385 | Who took part in triangular trade? | - the Americas - Africa - Europe | 77 | |
| 9160588671 | What was the Middle Passage? | a dangerous journey that African slaves had to go through where overcrowded ships and disease that killed 20% of slaves before they even reached the new world | 78 | |
| 9160592792 | How did gender differences in Slave Trade affect the needs of slaves in various regions of the Americas? | - 2/3 of the slaves taken to the Americas were male which led to more importations - in North America, more women slaves were brought which explains lower totals of slaves taken to the USA - In Africa, because so many males were taken from their population, the practice of polygamy occurred (having more than 1 wife) | 79 | |
| 9160601211 | What were political effects of slave trade on Western Africa? | - the growth of the slave trade continued conflicts such as war and some African states benefitted from the slave trade because they were the ones that sold the salves - guns were also being traded for slaves which shifted the balance of power between states | 80 | |
| 9160607264 | What were some forms of slave resistance against slavery? | slaves slowed down their job, ran away, sabotaged plantation equipment, and revolted in an attempt to resist slavery | 81 | |
| 9160614233 | What were some economic reasons for the decline in slavery? | - it was expensive to prevent slave revolts - Europe and Asia started to create factories (slavery did not translate to factory work) | 82 | |
| 9160618483 | The end of the slave trade vs end of slavery | - first, they outlawed the transportation of slaves from Africa - countries began to end slavery decades after the end of the slave trade | 83 | |
| 9167645519 | What were the goals of the Ming Dynasty? | to restore native rule and drive the Mongols out of China | 84 | |
| 9167667288 | What was the cause of the Ming Collapse? | - pirates and smugglers along the coast caused disruptions and were stronger than the Ming navy and coastal defences (which were ineffective) - emperors and Eunuchs ignored government affairs, and corruption/inefficiency spread throughout the Ming state - famine struck, peasants revolted, and Manchus invaded. - Confucian scholar bureaucrats worked against the Ming because they despised eunuchs who dominated the imperial court | 85 | |
| 9167674900 | What was the Qing/Manchu Dynasty? | - Manchus (nomads) turned to agriculture and settled after conquering the Ming dynasty. Nurhaci unified manchu tribes into a centralized state, created a code of laws, and organized a military force - establishment of the Qing dynasty was due partly to manchu military prowess and Chinese support for the Manchus - Kangxi, Confucian scholar and enlightened ruler, consolidated the Manchus hold on China | 86 | |
| 9167683996 | What was the Son of Heaven? | the emperor of China was not quite a god so he was called "the son of heaven" | 87 | |
| 9167686506 | What was the return of Civil Service Exams and Scholar-Bureaucrats? | civil service exams were taken to see what kind of job would fit a person the best | 88 | |
| 9167693491 | How were civil service exams 'fair' and 'unfair' at the same time? | the exam concentrated on Confucian writing to make sure that only the Confucians could get government positions | 89 | |
| 9167695574 | What was filial Piety and how did it applied to larger Chinese society? | Filial Piety implied that children not only had to be loyal to their fathers, but they also had duties to the emperor | 90 | |
| 9170242794 | What was the cause of population growth in China? | increase in agriculture | 91 | |
| 9170246830 | How did global trade effect Chinese society? | they used all the arable land to use for new crops they received from trade | 92 | |
| 9170258207 | What was the role that China's government played in technology? | the government favored social and political stability over technological innovation | 93 | |
| 9170265932 | Who is Matteo Ricci and what did he do? | he worked to strengthen Roman Catholic Christianity in China | 94 | |
| 9170277973 | What was Christianity like in China? | The missionaries returned to spread Christianity in China | 95 | |
| 9170284332 | What was Tokugawa Leyasu's centralization of Japan? | he established a military government to centralize Japan | 96 | |
| 9170289457 | What was Tokugawa's reaction to foreign contact? | foregn contact was forbidden in Japan | 97 | |
| 9170295525 | What was the Floating Worlds? | the center for Tokugawa entertainment | 98 | |
| 9170405732 | What was Japan's reaction to Christianity? | they did not support Christianity | 99 | |
| 9170427621 | How did the Ottoman empire expand? at whose expense? | the Ottoman empire expanded due to the Holy War and at the Byzantine Empire's expense | 100 | |
| 9170429642 | Who is Suleyman the Magnificent and what did he do? | caused the Ottomans to become a major naval empire | 101 | |
| 9170441024 | Why did having steppe traditions lead to issues with political administration? | it led to many new laws created which lead to the people not liking some of these laws which caused conflict to arise | 102 | |
| 9170446895 | What was Mughal 'ancestry'? | Babur claimed to be the ancestor of the Mongols | 103 | |
| 9170450990 | What was Akbar's empire building like? | he overthrew Adam Khan and took control of the Mughal government and army | 104 | |
| 9170454427 | Compare reactions to foreign trade in all three Islamic Empires | Ottoman: were not very interested in trading themselves Safavid: were not very interested in trading themselves Mughal: were unique and opened their doors to that the Europeans could use their ports to trade | 105 | |
| 9170454428 | What was religious diversity in the Islamic Empires? | there were some missionaries that came to India and the Ottoman Empire dealt with Christians. Akbar proclaimed himself a god and the "god of wisdom" | 106 | |
| 9170582069 | How did the Islamic Empires handle religious minorities? | the minorities were forced to pay an extra tax | 107 | |
| 9171154091 | What were gender standards like in the Muslim Empires? | the Ottoman empire had relatively fair gender standards | 108 | |
| 9171159129 | What was the cause for economic decline in the Islamic Empires? | the cost of running a large empire was too much | 109 | |
| 9171165796 | What was the cause for military decline in the Islamic Empires? | they did not seek actively to improve their military technologies | 110 | |
| 9171172082 | How did cultural conservatism lead to the decline of the Dar al-Islam? | they refused to culturally adapt | 111 | |
| 9171187902 | ***How did Enlightenment ideals motivate Atlantic Revolutions, even though they often weren't fully implemented? | - In America, the Declaration of Independence was the idea that everyone is created equal; however, there were still slaves and women were not given full rights - In Latin America, race defined society; this did not change, even after the Latin American Revolution | 112 | |
| 9171336871 | ***What was the common cause for American, Haitian, South American, and Mexican Revolutions? | they were colonies that who fought for their independence against a European country | 113 | |
| 9171341481 | Why was France 'ripe for revolution'? | because most of the people did not feel like the government was representing them, they had economic issues, and they felt like they did not have equal rights | 114 | |
| 9171346214 | What were the short and longterm effects of the French Revolution? | shortterm: Napolean (his downfall was when the other kingdoms of Europe ganged up against him longterm: more rights were gained, for the next century the French had tons more revolutions | 115 | |
| 9171349496 | Who was Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna? | its purpose was to maintain a balance of power and prevent future revolutions in Europe | 116 | |
| 9171364800 | ***How did Spanish colonial social structure cause Latin American Revolutions but also affect their longterm success? | cause: the creoles wanted more rights and so they fought against the peninsulares longterm: once the creoles got rid of the peninsulares, whites still dominated a largely black society | 117 | |
| 9171368046 | What were the unique aspects of the Haitian Revolution and what was one of its positive effects? | it was a slave revolt that inspired other abolition movements | 118 | |
| 9197500031 | What was the reformation? | the reformation of the Catholic Church, new churches formed as people broke away from Catholicism | 119 | |
| 9197500032 | What was the enlightenment? | when European thinkers and scholars were rethinking and reassessing scores | 120 | |
| 9197502857 | What was the renaissance? | a period of rebirth and new ideas in Western Europe | 121 | |
| 9197509644 | What was the scientific revolution? | the breakthrough in math and new scientific ideas about the universe | 122 |
