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AP World History Religion Flashcards

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2085982417Core Beliefs of JudaismOne God People should love each other to imitate God's love for people Torah is the most influential religious document No principles are recognized by all observant Jews0
2085982418Judaism Common PracticesShabbat (holy day of rest) Prayer1
2085982419Judaism HolidayShalosh Regalim: Pesach- Passover, Shavvot- Pentecost, Sukkot- Tabernacles Yamin Noraim: Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur Purim Hannukkah2
2085982420Denominations of JudaismRabbinic, Orthodox, Progressive3
2085982421Rabbinic JudaismDerived from Pharisaic Judaism Believes in oral law or oral torah which is taught by the Rabbis4
2085982422Orthodox JudaismCenters on the Talmud and Torah; came directly from God and should be taken literally5
2085982423Types of progressive JudaismReform and Reconstructionist (Conservative). These came as a reaction in the twentieth century6
2085982424Reform JudaismDo not believe the Torah was written by God but by people trying to understand the world7
2085982425Reconstructionist Judaism (conservative)Came around in the 60's. They do not believe in a personified deity active in history. Tries to preserve Jewish history8
2085982426Important Jewish TextsTanakh (three major texts) Torah (first five books of the Hebrew Scripture) Halakha (613 Mitzvot [commandments]) Talmud (embodies Jewish civil and ceremonial law; includes Mishnaar Germara)9
2085982427Founding of JudaismFounded in Palestine (which does not exist anymore and is now parts of Israel, Lebanon, Syria) called the 'holy land' by Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob10
2085982428Bronze Age and Birth of Judaismc3330-1200 BCE; birth of the religion; originates in Palestine; derived from Ancient Semitic Religions; God chose Abrham11
2085982429Conquest of Canaan (Judaism)c.1240-1190 BCE12
2085982430First Temple (Judaism)built by Solomon, destroyed 587 BCE13
2085982431The Second Temple (Judaism)538BCE-70CE destroyed by Roman emperor Titus, sacked Jerusalem14
2085982432Roman Establish Control (Judaism Turning Point)63 BCE They still allow Jewish people to practice their religion until 70 CE15
2085982433The Crusades1090-1600 CE; Christian, Muslims, and Jews fought. Began the movement in West to take control of the holy land16
2085982434HolocaustJewish Turning Point, 1930's-40's17
2085982435Israel Created1948; Jewish State created in the middle of muslim nations. All surrounding nations declared war on Israel18
2085982436Judaism ImpactImpacted Christianity and Islam Ten Commandments implemented in Western World Diaspora and frequent persecution has led to Jewish populations across the globe19
2085982437Confucianism FounderConfucius 551-479 BCE born in Zou Lo state20
2085982438Founding of Confucianismcreated because of the warring states; founded as a result of disorder21
2085982439Jen (Confucianism)human components principle (goodness and benevolence) 1. Virtues of virtues 2. It is dearer than life itself Sense of dignity; be kind to ones neighbor22
2085982440Li (Confucianism)Propriety; gain as a community; work with others23
2085982441The five relationships of ConfucianismRuler and subject Father and son Elder brother and younger brother Husband and wife Friend and friend24
2085982442Ye (Confucianism)morals, what is right and wrong25
2085982443Haisho (Confucianism)respect for elders and parents26
2085982444Chi (Confucianism)moral wisdom; origins of evil; doing good deeds because you are alive now (versus Christianity which stresses the practice of good deeds to reach heaven)27
2085982445Chuh Tzu (Confucianism)the ideal man28
2085982446Te (Confucianism)power by which men are ruled, must obey the ruler29
2085982447Texts of Confucianismthe analects, the five classics, and the four books30
2085982448Birth of ConfuciousSeptember 28, 551 BCE31
2085982449Qin Dynasty (Confucianism)221-206 BC tried to burn all Confucius texts32
2085982450Similarities between Confucianism and TaoismSame ideas of man, society, rulers and afterlife. They both saw China in times of trouble and wanted the happier times back33
2085982451Differences between Confucianism and TaoismConfucianism is more of a moral development34
2085982452Holy Sites of ConfucianismTemple of Confucius Confucius Family Mansion Cemetery of Confucius35
2085982453The BuddhaSiddharta Guatama born in Lumbini 563 BCE At age 29 he sought enlightenment At age 35 he attained enlightenment36
2085982454DharmaThe teachings of Buddha. Translates to truth37
2085982455KarmaCauses the life we are born into38
2085982456Three Universal TruthsPart of Buddhism 1. Nothing is lost 2. Everything changes 3. Law of Cause and Effect (Karma)39
2085982457Eightfold PathBuddhist principles 1. Right View 2. Right intention 3. Right speech 4. Right action 5. Right livelihood 6. Right effort 7. Right mindfulness 8. Right concentration40
2085982458Four Noble TruthsBuddhist Principles 1. Life is suffering 2. We are the cause of suffering 3. End of suffering (detachment) 4. Path to end suffering (the eightfold path)41
2085982459Schools of BuddhismTheravada Mahayana Vajrayana42
2085982460Rituals and Practices of BuddhismThree Jewels, Stupa, Vinaya, Meditation and Mantras43
2085982461Three Jewels of BuddhismBuddha, Dharma, and Sangha44
2085982462Stupa of Buddhismsacred place of worship; relics45
2085982463Vinaya (Buddhism)four rules to follow46
2085982464First Buddhist council after Parinirvana486 BCE47
2085982465Second Buddhist Council386 BCE48
2085982466Ashoka converts and establishes Buddhism as a national religion250 BCE49
2085982467Buddhist monks convert Chinese emperors to Buddhism68 CE50
2085982468Han Buddhist Council78 CE Mayana Buddhism created51
2085982469AtmanHindu principle that refers to one's real self beyond the ego; the soul52
2085982470Dharma (Hinduism)"duty", moral53
2085982471Sva-DharmaHindu Duties according to age, gender, and class54
2085982472VarnasCastes in Hinduism Brahmins Kshatriyas Vaisyas Sudras55
2085982473Top three classes of the Hindu caste systemsaid to be 'twice born'. They experience four stages: Brahmacarya Grihastha Vanaprashta Samnyasa56
2085982474Karma (Hinduism)"action" What goes around comes around People reincarnate depending on their Karma57
2085982475The VedasHindu Texts consist of four compositions: -Samhitas -Brahmanas -Aranyaks -Upanishads58
2085982476Deities in HinduismThere are many gods. Brahman is the supreme god.59
2085982477TrimortiHindu three most powerful gods Brahma Vishnu Shiva60
2085982478Brahmacreator God in hinduism61
2085982479VishnuHindu god, balance of good and evil (light and sun) reincarnated nine times62
2085982480ShivaHindu god, source of good and evil will destroy and recreate the universe63
2085982481LakshmiHindu goddess Goddess of purity and wealth64
2085982482Hindu worship practicesmurtis (images mantras (prayers) there is a lot of individual worship and worship at home65
2085982483Three Religious Rites of HinduismNitya, Naimittika, Kamya66
2085982484Ganges RiverSacred river in Hinduism67
2085982485Ashoka converts to Buddhism27068
2085982486Muslim InvasionEleventh Century Introduced Islam to Hindus 25% of India converted to Islam69
2085982487Christianity core beliefspeople can be forgiven for sins Jesus died on the cross for our own salvation Believe in one God who is called the Father70
2085982488Principle Practices of ChristianityBaptism, Marriages and Divorces, Sign of the Cross, Honoring the Saints, the Eucharist71
2085982489Founder of ChristianityJesus Born: 7-2 BCE Executed by the Roman government, was resurrected, and ascended to Heaven72
2085982490Start and spread of ChristianityStarted around 30 AD. Spread by Paul73
2085982491Why is Christianity so appealing?Egalitarian (appeals to the lower class) Caring nature74
2085982492Orthodox ChristianityOriginated in Byzantine75
2085982493CatholicismFrom emerging kingdoms of the west76
2085982494Original sinChristian idea that everyone is born with tendencies towards sin. Thought of first by St. Augustine77
2085982495Worship of Icons in Christianitynot allowed in Western Christianity78
2085982496Number of Christiansover two billion. Mostly in the US, Brazil, and Mexico79
2085982497AbortionChristian Issue Pro-life vs Pro-choice Church of England (Episcopalian) opposes abortion but sometimes accepts it80
2085982498Same-sex Marriagemany Anglican clergy bless it on an unofficial basis. Pope Francis was the first pope to say that there are bigger problems. He does not endorse it but realizes that there are bigger problems and whose to judge a good person by their sexuality.81
2085982499WarChristianity accepts just war. Uses the crusades to justify it.82
2085982500Major Holidays of ChristianityChristmas Good Friday Easter83
2085982501Birth of Jesus4 BCE84
2085982502Crusifixion of Jesus30 AD85
2085982503St. Paul created small christian communities35-65 AD86
2085982504Christianity is make the official religion of the Roman Empire380 AD87
2085982505Great Schism between East and West Christianity1054 AD88

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