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| 5372239262 | 1. The economic wealth of the Early Roman State was based on | farming | 0 | |
| 5372239263 | 2. The Roman Republic was not a true democracy; it was ruled by | A counsel of wealthy male citizens | 1 | |
| 5372239264 | 3. One key to the Romans' success in winning control of all Italy was | Granting Roman citizenship to conquered peoples | 2 | |
| 5372239265 | 4. Two protracted and bloody wars against the Carthaginians were important because | Rome won control of the western Mediterranean | 3 | |
| 5372239266 | 5. When Rome took control of a foreign land, it | Allowed considerable autonomy to cooperative local elites | 4 | |
| 5372239267 | 6. As the numbers of independent farmers declined in the later republic, Italian landowners increasingly turned to | Inexpensive slaves | 5 | |
| 5372239268 | 7. A critical factor contributing to the Senate's loss of authority was | A change in the composition of the army | 6 | |
| 5372239269 | 8. The safety and stability of the Roman Empire was called | Pax Romana | 7 | |
| 5372239270 | 9. One of the most enduring consequences of the Roman Empire has been the | Romanization of the western Mediterranean | 8 | |
| 5372239271 | 10. Before 212 CE, many people living outside Italy became Roman | After serving lengthy terms of military service | 9 | |
| 5372239272 | 11. Roman architecture departed from the Greek style because of the | Roman invention of concrete | 10 | |
| 5372239273 | 12. From the reign of Augustus, the Roman army was reorganized and redeployed to | Shift from an offensive to a defensive strategy | 11 | |
| 5372239274 | 13. In addition to agriculture a fundamental resource of China was | Human labor | 12 | |
| 5372239275 | 14. A result of the competition among states in the Warring States Period was | The creation of the first empire under the Qin state | 13 | |
| 5372239276 | 15. The Chinese family was considered to include | All generations, living and dead | 14 | |
| 5372239277 | 16. Because of the influence of Confucian ethics, Chinese values emphasized | Duty and proper conduct | 15 | |
| 5372239278 | 17. The Confucian view of proper female behavior was exemplified by the: | The three submissions | 16 | |
| 5372239279 | 18. When the Qin government abolished primogeniture, this meant that | The number of small landholders would grow | 17 | |
| 5372239280 | 19. The Qin emperor's commitment of the standardization of coinage, the law code, and writing shows | The creation of a unified Chinese civilization | 18 | |
| 5372239281 | 20. The early Han emperors reformed the Legalist system by | Incorporating Confucianism | 19 | |
| 5372239282 | 21. In order to supply administrators for the empire, the han | Allied with the gentry class of educated landowners Started an imperial university Exempted government officials from military duty Exempted government officials from some taxation All of the above | 20 | |
| 5372239283 | 22. Why is the development of the scholar gentry a significant development during the Han period? | The government was run more efficiently | 21 | |
| 5372239284 | 23. The important Han innovations include | Development of the horse collar, watermill, and crossbow | 22 | |
| 5372239285 | 24. The leading export commodity of China was | Silk | 23 | |
| 5372239286 | 25. The most important factor leading to the decline of the Han Empire was | Attacks by non-Chinese from across the frontiers | 24 | |
| 5372239287 | 26. Why is "diversity" an apt word to describe India? It has a variety of ecosystems throughout the subcontinent | It has many deities It has many languages and ethnic groups it has a history of political division and class divisions All of the above | 25 | |
| 5372239288 | 27. What does the literature of the Vedic Age reveal about the role of women? | They are depicted as strong and resourceful, reflecting a favorable position in society | 26 | |
| 5372239289 | 28. The foundation of the Hindu religion is | The Vedic religion of northern Indian Aryans | 27 | |
| 5372239290 | 29. From evidence in Gupta literature and plays, Indian women's situation since the Vedic period had | Worsened | 28 | |
| 5372239291 | 30. An extensive trade network developed on land and sea based on which Indian export products? | Cotton cloth, ivory, and metalwork | 29 | |
| 5372239292 | 1. The Silk Road was a trade route connecting | China and the Mediterranean | 30 | |
| 5372239293 | 2. The most enduring effect of the Silk Road was | Drawing together the different regions of Europe | 31 | |
| 5372239294 | 3. Nomads provided the caravans of the Silk Road with | Camels, animal handlers, and guides | 32 | |
| 5372239295 | 4. The initial key to opening the Silk Road was the | Chinese eagerness for Western horses | 33 | |
| 5372239296 | 5. One new industry that resulted directly from the Silk Road trade was | The breeding of hybrid camels | 34 | |
| 5372239297 | 6. Among the products that China exported along the Silk Road were | silk, pottery, and paper | 35 | |
| 5372239298 | 7. What military technologies did the Silk Road spread? | Chariot warfare, mounted bowmen, and the stirrup | 36 | |
| 5372239299 | 8. The mariners involved in the Indian Ocean trade were | Primarily Arabic and Persian | 37 | |
| 5372239300 | 9. The importance of the monsoon was | that it facilitated sailing across the Indian Ocean | 38 | |
| 5372239301 | 10. The main difference between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean seafaring was that | Mediterranean seamen rarely sailed far from shore | 39 | |
| 5372239302 | 11. The early inhabitants of the East African island of Madagascar came from | the islands of Southeast Asia | 40 | |
| 5372239303 | 12. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is important because it describes | a vast interconnected trading system | 41 | |
| 5372239304 | 13. What is the difference between the Indian Ocean trade and the Mediterranean trade? | Indian Ocean trade had a greater variety of highly valued products | 42 | |
| 5372239305 | 14. Indian Ocean society could be described as bicultural because | Sailors often married women in port cities | 43 | |
| 5372239306 | 15. The best primary evidence of early Saharan history consists of | A vast number of rock paintings and engravings | 44 | |
| 5372239307 | 16. There is solid evidence that Saharan wildlife once included | cattle and horses | 45 | |
| 5372239308 | 17. The most convincing evidence indicates that camels were introduced to the Sahara from | Arabia | 46 | |
| 5372239309 | 18. In the case of the camel technology, saddles were designed for | Cargo or military efficiency | 47 | |
| 5372239310 | 19. Southern Saharan traders initially concentrated on | supplying salt to sub-Saharan peoples | 48 | |
| 5372239311 | 20. Trade across the Sahara was accelerated by | The fall of the Roman Empire | 49 | |
| 5372239312 | 21. The West African kingdom of Ghana was established because of the trade in | Gold | 50 | |
| 5372239313 | 22. By the eleventh century, the majority of the ministers to the kingdom of Ghana were | Muslims | 51 | |
| 5372239314 | 23. The African network of cultural exchange can be described as | mainly internal within sub-Saharan Africa | 52 | |
| 5372239315 | 24. A shared cultural heritage, or "great traditions is usually based on: | Common legal and belief systems a written language ethical codes of conduct intellectual traditions and developments All of the above | 53 | |
| 5372239316 | 25. The most common African form of agriculture was | Cultivation by hoe and digging stick | 54 | |
| 5372239317 | 1. The Sasanid Empire was centered in the area that is present day | Iran | 55 | |
| 5372239318 | 2. The Sasanid and Byzantine empires avoided political fragmentation such as occurred in Medieval Europe because they | integrated the frontier people as mercenaries and caravaneers | 56 | |
| 5372239319 | 3. The establishment of Zoroastrianism and Christianity as official faiths in the Byzantine and Sasanid empires sets what precedent? | The rise of Islam as the focus of an empire | 57 | |
| 5372239320 | 4. The Sasanids saw Arabs as | "monkeys on the backs of camels" | 58 | |
| 5372239321 | 5. The Arabs become familiar with the lifeways of the Sasanids and Byzantines | the Arabian caravan trade | 59 | |
| 5372239322 | 6. Mecca is an important city because it | is a caravan city and pilgrimage site of the Ka'ba | 60 | |
| 5372239323 | 7. Muslim means | one who makes submission | 61 | |
| 5372239324 | 8. Islam means | surrender to the will of God | 62 | |
| 5372239325 | 9. Muhammad's teachings seem to be in agreement with | Judaism and Christianity | 63 | |
| 5372239326 | 10. After Meccan leaders felt threatened by his popularity, Muhammad fled Mecca; his flight was known as the | Hijra | 64 | |
| 5372239327 | 11. After Muhammad's death, the Muslim community | held general elections to replace Muhammad | 65 | |
| 5372239328 | 12. The Muslims fought the Battle of the Camel in a dispute over | the legitimacy of Ali as caliph | 66 | |
| 5372239329 | 13. Muslims who believe that the first there caliphs were properly selected are called | Sunnis | 67 | |
| 5372239330 | 14. Under the leadership of the caliphs, an enormous expansion was completed, including territory in | all of the above | 68 | |
| 5372239331 | 15. One of the false assumptions about Muslim rule over foreign lands is | they forced conversion on the population | 69 | |
| 5372239332 | 16. The decline of the Umayyad dynasty was due to | growing unrest among Muslims who demanded access to political power | 70 | |
| 5372239333 | 17. Why is the Abbasid rule considered a "golden age"? | it created a multiethnic Muslim world | 71 | |
| 5372239334 | 18. The caliphs acquired a standing army of Turkish mercenaries called | mamluks | 72 | |
| 5372239335 | 19. What was the impact of Islamic rule in Spain? | All of the above | 73 | |
| 5372239336 | 20. Despite the fact that conversions to Islam were at their peak, Abbasid power declined because of | the empire's becoming too big to rule effectively | 74 | |
| 5372239337 | 21. Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because of | the blending of Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab, and Berber traditions | 75 | |
| 5372239338 | 22. Under Islamic leadership, the Jewish people of Spain | contributed to the cultural growth of Spain as great thinkers and writers | 76 | |
| 5372239339 | 23. Among the foreign threats to the Islamic Caliphate were | Mongols and Christian Crusades | 77 | |
| 5372239340 | 24. The foundation of Islamic civilization is the shari'a or | Laws | 78 | |
| 5372239341 | 25. The great vision of the Shari'a is an umma with | common moral values, minimizing ethnic and political divisions | 79 | |
| 5372239342 | 26. Conversion to Islam was primarily a result of | gradually learning about Islam | 80 | |
| 5372239343 | 27. Sufism was significant in being | a quest for a direct union with God through rituals and training | 81 | |
| 5372239344 | 28. The results of contact between the Arabs and the Sasanid Empire can be described as | beneficial because of the merchant and caravan trade | 82 | |
| 5372239345 | 29. Religious conflicts in the Byzantine Empire resulted in treatment of Nestorian Christians as | heretics, seeking refuge under the Sasanid shah | 83 | |
| 5372239346 | 30. Manichaeism is a faith derived from Zorastrianism and is founded on the idea that there is a | cosmic struggle between good and evil | 84 | |
| 5372239347 | 31. Muhammad conceived Islam after | experiencing revelations | 85 | |
| 5372239348 | 32. Disagreements in the umma arose over | the successor to Muhammad | 86 | |
| 5372239349 | 33. The caliphs acquired a standing army of Turkish mercenaries called | Mamluks | 87 | |
| 5372239350 | 34. In 945, the Abbasid Caliphate fell under the influence of | the Buyid family of northern Iran | 88 | |
| 5372239351 | 35. The increase in non-Arabic literature in the Islamic world was a reflection of | the growing influence of Iranian culture | 89 | |
| 5372239352 | .In general, Europe was transformed by the decline of Roman authority as follows | A legal framework disappeared There was increasing political fragmentation The population depended on local strongmen rather than on monarchs All of the above | 90 | |
| 5372239353 | After the fall of Rome in the fifth century, the western Roman Empire | fragmented into a handful of Germanic kingdoms | 91 | |
| 5372239354 | The decline of the Roman Empire resulted in the development of linguistic zones of | Romance, Germanic, and Slavic languages | 92 | |
| 5372239355 | Western Europe was disrupted by invasions of | All of the above | 93 | |
| 5372239356 | What Scandinavian raiders built kingdoms in Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland? | Vikings | 94 | |
| 5372239357 | The primary centers for agricultural production were | owned and controlled by the church | 95 | |
| 5372239358 | Agricultural workers who belonged to the manor and were obligated to the lord were | serfs | 96 | |
| 5372239359 | Why is the traditional description of Europe from 300-1200 as "feudal" an oversimplification? | The relations between landowners and serfs varied from region to region | 97 | |
| 5372239360 | The rise of the mounted warrior as the paramount force on the battlefield is associated with | technological improvements such as the stirrup | 98 | |
| 5372239361 | By the thirteenth century, armored knighthood | was limited to those with revenue from land | 99 | |
| 5372239362 | A feudom, or fief, was | a grant of land exchanged for military service | 100 | |
| 5372239363 | Noblewomen could exercise influence in feudal society as | inheritors of property and marriage partners | 101 | |
| 5372239364 | The sole institution claiming jurisdiction over a large segment of the European population was | Christian church | 102 | |
| 5372239365 | The goal of developing a hierarchal structure in the church was | to ensure consistency in Christian belief | 103 | |
| 5372239366 | Schisms, the foremost threat to the Christian church in the Middle Ages, were | formal divisions over differences in doctrine | 104 | |
| 5372239367 | Which of the following issues caused schisms between 300-1200 | The composition of the Holy Trinity is it proper to pray to images of God, Jesus, and Mary? Should one emphasize the human or divine characteristics of Jesus? All of the above | 105 | |
| 5372239368 | Secular rulers such as Charlemagne upheld papal rights in return for | religious legitimation of their rule | 106 | |
| 5372239369 | The term investiture controversy refers to the | struggle for control of ecclesiastical appointments | 107 | |
| 5372239370 | Although much of Europe was governed by canon law, Europe was heir to what other legal traditions custom as well as Roman law? | Feudal law based on Germanic | 108 | |
| 5372239371 | Some practices connected with monasticism were | celibacy, silence, and povertycontinual devotion to prayerliving apart from societyall of the above | 109 | |
| 5372239372 | The most important impact of monasticism was its contribution(s) of | converting populations and preserving ancient works | 110 | |
| 5372239373 | Nunneries provide women | a refuge if they needed protection or desired a spiritual life | 111 | |
| 5372239374 | In what way(s) did Christian and Roman views of sexuality differ? | Unlike the Romans, Christians demanded celibate clergy and discouraged sex outside of marriage | 112 | |
| 5372239375 | In the Byzantine Empire, caesaropapism was the | combination of the powers of king and people | 113 | |
| 5372239376 | How did the Byzantines differ from their western counterparts? | They continued the pattern of Roman rule | 114 | |
| 5372239377 | Between the fourth and seventh centuries, the Byzantine Empire was threatened by | Muslim invaders from the Arabian peninsula | 115 | |
| 5372239378 | The Byzantines experienced an economic transformation similar to western Europe because of | the disappearance of the traditional urban class | 116 | |
| 5372239379 | After the seventh century, Byzantine women | were increasingly confined to home life | 117 | |
| 5372239380 | Technological development in the Byzantine Empire | decreased steadily over time | 118 | |
| 5372239381 | The Byzantine Corpus Juris Civilis was important in the late eleventh century because it | became the basis for civil law in the West | 119 | |
| 5372239382 | Among Byzantine cultural achievements are | their architectural tradition and Cyrillic writing | 120 | |
| 5372239383 | The heir to Byzantine tradition is | Russia | 121 | |
| 5372239384 | During the revival of western Europe, the population nearly doubled because of | technological innovations such as theplow and the horse collar | 122 | |
| 5372239385 | Florence, Genoa, and Venice all prospered after the eleventh century because they | were independent rather than controlled by feudal lords | 123 | |
| 5372239386 | The primary influence establishing the Crusades was the | importance of pilgrimages to western Europeans | 124 | |
| 5372239387 | Although the Crusades are viewed as a religious campaign, they were actually motivated by | the desire for access to trade in Muslim lands | 125 | |
| 5372239388 | The Council of Clermont in 1095 brought: | Pope Urban II's call for the First crusade | 126 | |
| 5372239389 | The term barbarian pox was applied to an epidemic | when barbarians attacked the Chinese | 127 | |
| 5372239390 | Which empire reunited China in the sixth century? | Sui | 128 | |
| 5372239391 | The Tang Empire avoided overcentralization | by allowing local nobles to exercise significant power | 129 | |
| 5372239392 | What was the political influence of Buddhism in the Tang Empire? | It prescribed a spiritual function for kings and emperors | 130 | |
| 5372239393 | The Tang Empire is considered "cosmopolitan" because | it integrated religions, foods, sports, languages, and styles from every part of Asia | 131 | |
| 5372239394 | Chang'an was important because | it was the hub of Tang communications | 132 | |
| 5372239395 | The Tributary system was a practice in which | countries acknowledged the supremacy of the emperor based in China | 133 | |
| 5372239396 | What was the importance of the Grand Canal? | It had an enormous political and economic effect on Chinese development | 134 | |
| 5372239397 | One of the many effects in this period of the trade routes from North Africa and West Asia into East Asia was | the transmission of the plague | 135 | |
| 5372239398 | An example of the influence of Central Asia on China is | All of the above | 136 | |
| 5372239399 | The Tang court gave women permission to | participate in polo matches | 137 | |
| 5372239400 | During the Tang Empire, China experienced an "import substitution" because it | began to grow cotton and sugar | 138 | |
| 5372239401 | The Tang dominated world trade markets. They were the sole suppliers of which product? | Porcelain | 139 | |
| 5372239402 | The most serious rivals to the Tang Empire were the | Uigurs and Tibet | 140 | |
| 5372239403 | Who did the Tang blame most for growing instability in the Empire? | Buddhists | 141 | |
| 5372239404 | The decline of the Tang Empire resulted from | The complex tax collection system the defeat of the Tang at the Battle of Talas River the demoralization and underfunding of the army All of the above | 142 | |
| 5372239405 | When the Tang Empire ended in 906, it was replaced by | a set of smaller states | 143 | |
| 5372239406 | After Tibetan government attempts to eradicate monasteries, Tibetan Buddhists responded by | assassinating the king and controlling the Tibetan royal family | 144 | |
| 5372239407 | The Liao, Jin, and Tanggut Empires | maintained their unique cultures | 145 | |
| 5372239408 | The Liao Empire of the Kitans | inspired the name "Cathay" constructed the foundation of the Mongol Empire made the city now known as Beijing its capital all of the above | 146 | |
| 5372239409 | The Song technological explosion was partly driven by what factors? | Expanding economy and military pressure from the Liao and Jin Empires | 147 | |
| 5372239410 | Which are all important technological innovations of the Song Empire? | Stern-mounted rudder, high quality steel, and gunpowder | 148 | |
| 5372239411 | By instituting civil service examinations for entrance into the government bureaucracy, the Song | recruited the most talented men for government service | 149 | |
| 5372239412 | The development of movable type and the availability of printed material had what impact on China? | the dissemination of information aided development of new agricultural lands | 150 | |
| 5372239413 | During the Song period, women experienced subordination and social restriction epitomized by | footbinding | 151 | |
| 5372239414 | Confucianism and Buddhism were transmitted to Japan by way of | Korea | 152 | |
| 5372239415 | On the basis of present evidence, most scholars believe that the first unification of central Japan occurred when | Korean warriors united the small countries of Japan under a central government | 153 | |
| 5372239416 | In what way(s) did Japan implement Chinese customs? | Japan implemented Confucian style central government | 154 | |
| 5372239417 | Japanese emperors | seldom wielded any real political power | 155 | |
| 5372239418 | The rise of a warrior elite in late Heian Japan led directly to | the rise of the Kamakura Shogunate | 156 | |
| 5372239419 | The great gift of Champa to Song China was | quick-ripening rice | 157 | |
| 5372239420 | It appears that women enjoyed greater status in Korea and Vietnam, for example | Trung sisters of Vietnam led local farmers in resistance against invaders | 158 | |
| 5372239421 | Murasaki Shikibu is the author of the famous Japanese novel | The Tale of Genji | 159 | |
| 5372239422 | Cultural differences among American peoples are | due to religious differences | 160 | |
| 5372239423 | Classic period civilizations in Mesoamerica were built on the political foundation of? | Olmec | 161 | |
| 5372239424 | Mesoamerican classic-period political and cultural innovations were based on | the ability of elites to control laborers and soldiers | 162 | |
| 5372239425 | The largest city in the Americas in 450-600 was | Teotihuacan | 163 | |
| 5372239426 | Quetzalcoatl was | the feathered serpent god | 164 | |
| 5372239427 | Chinampas were floating gardens | that supplied flowers for the botanical gardens | 165 | |
| 5372239428 | The housing of common people in cities can be described as | apartment-like stone buildings | 166 | |
| 5372239429 | Teotihuacan was a commercial and religious center that | provided a basis for elite wealth and statusattracted pilgrimsprovided approval for elite statusAll of the above | 167 | |
| 5372239430 | Teotihuacan was ruled by | an alliance of elite families | 168 | |
| 5372239431 | The Maya were organized in | rival kingdoms or city-states | 169 | |
| 5372239432 | Maya monumental architecture took advantage of | wheel barrowsmetal toolspulleysnone of the above | 170 | |
| 5372239433 | In the classic era, Maya military forces primarily fought to secure | captives | 171 | |
| 5372239434 | How did the Maya meet the challenges of the environment? | they drained swamps and built elevated fields | 172 | |
| 5372239435 | What was the role of Maya women? | they played important political and religious roles in public ceremonies | 173 | |
| 5372239436 | Maya contributions include | calendar | 174 | |
| 5372239437 | Maya contributions to mathematics include | the zero and place value | 175 | |
| 5372239438 | The accomplishments of the Toltecs were primarily | political and military | 176 | |
| 5372239439 | The Toltecs' capital city was | TulaAztec society can be described as:clan based | 177 | |
| 5372239440 | The Aztecs met the challenges of feeding a growing population by | building a land reclamation project featuring a dike and chinampas | 178 | |
| 5372239441 | Aztec gods | were male and female | 179 | |
| 5372239442 | One of the Aztec gods was the cult of the hummingbird, called | Huitzilopochtli | 180 | |
| 5372239443 | The twin temples of Tenochtitlan symbolize the two bases of Aztec economy | war and agriculture | 181 | |
| 5372239444 | As sacrificial victims, the Aztecs preferred | war captives | 182 | |
| 5372239445 | The Anasazi emerged in what region? | Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah | 183 | |
| 5372239446 | The Anasazi economy was based on | maize, beans, and squash | 184 | |
| 5372239447 | The large mounds of the Ohio Valley served as | elite burial sites | 185 | |
| 5372239448 | How did Andean people overcome their environmental challenges? | the effective organization of human labor | 186 | |
| 5372239449 | Ayllu means | clan group | 187 | |
| 5372239450 | What is the mit'a? | rotational labor organization | 188 | |
| 5372239451 | Moche art reveals that Moche society was | theocratic | 189 | |
| 5372239452 | Moche artisans produced high-quality | jewelry Ceramics Textiles all of the above | 190 | |
| 5372239453 | Inca prosperity and military strength depended on | herds of llamas and alpacas | 191 | |
| 5372239454 | How did the inca ensure the loyalty of defeated regions? | The heirs of vanquished rulers must live in the royal court | 192 | |
| 5372239455 | Cuzco was not as large as Tenochtitlan but | it was laid out in the shape of a puma | 193 | |
| 5372239456 | One of the inca accomplishments was the construction of | a vast network of roads | 194 | |
| 5372239457 | Who or what were the acclas? | virgins chosen to serve the cult of the sun | 195 |
