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AP World History: Revolutions Flashcards

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8633793449Estates GeneralFrance's traditional national assembly with representatives of the three estates, or classes, in French society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. The calling of the them in 1789 led to the French Revolution.0
8633793450National AssemblyFrench Revolutionary assembly (1789-1791). Called first as the Estates General, the three estates came together and demanded radical change. It passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.1
8633793451Tennis Court OathA pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution2
8633793452National ConventionThe third estate of the Estates General -broke from the Estates because they wanted the Estates to sit as a committee and not as segregated groups.3
8633793453Committee of Public SafetyEstablished and led by Robespierre, very brutal force in French Revolution. Basically secret police and also controlled the war effort. Instigated the Reign of Terror. One member was Napoleon Bonaparte...4
8633793454GuillotineA machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution.5
8633793455The Directory1785-1799. Five man group. Passed a new constitution in 1795 that was much more conservative. Corrupt and did not help the poor, but remained in power because of military strength. By 1797 it was a dictatorship.6
8633793456JacobinsRadical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794.7
8633793457RobespierreA French political leader of the 18th century. A Jacobin, a radical leader of the French Revolution. Headed the Committee of Public Safety, responsible for the Reign of Terror, was later executed.8
8633793458MaratFrench revolutionary leader (born in Switzerland) who was a leader in overthrowing the Girondists and was stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday (1743-1793)9
8633793459DantonFrench revolutionary leader who stormed the Paris bastille and who supported the execution of Louis XVI but was guillotined by Robespierre for his opposition to the Reign of Terror (1759-1794)10
8633793460NapoleonFrench general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)11
8633793461The Continental SystemThe system in which Napoleon cut off all trade with Great Britain to try and make Europe more self-sufficient and to cripple GB's economy.12
8633793462The Crimean WarWar in which Britain and France fought against Russia as a result of fear that the Russians would gain at the expense of the disintegrating Ottoman Empire.13
8633793463The Peninsular WarWar was caused by Napoleon's invasion of Portugal (1807) in order to compel it to accept the CONTINENTAL SYSTEM14
8633793464WaterlooThe place that on June 18, Napoleon was finally defeated. Then sent to forsaken island of Saint Helena.15
8633793465Congress of Vienna(1814-1815 CE) Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon.16
8633793466Simon Bolivar(1783-1830) Leader for independence who defeated Spanish forces in South America, liberating Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Creole17
8633793467Augustin de IturbideFirst of Emperor of Mexico in 182118
8633793468Jose de San MartinSouth American general and statesman, born in Argentina: leader in winning independence for Peru and Chile19
8633793469HidalgoThis Spanish priest led the rebellion against Spain in Mexico and was executed for it. The rebellion was ultimately successful and Mexico won its independence in 1821.20
8633793470CaudillosMilitary dictators; gained control after independence movements21
8633793471Monroe Doctrinean American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers; Helped with Latin American Revolutions22
8633793472Toussaint L'OuvertureLeader of the Haitian Revolution. He freed the slaves and gained effective independence for Haiti despite military interventions by the British and French.23
8633793473HaciendasLarge Spanish colonial estates usually owned by wealthy families but worked by many peasants in the Americas24
8633793474Emperor PedroFirst emperor of Brazil; declared independence after Napoleon's invasion of Portugal25
8633793475MetternichAustrian foreign minister who basically controlled the Congress of Vienna. Wanted to promote peace, conservatism, and the repression of libaral nationalism throughout Europe.26
8633793476BastilleThe storming of the _______ was seen as the true start of the French Revolution.27
8633793477CreolesAmerican born descendants of Europeans, started many of the Latin American Revolutions28
8633793478Santa AnaMexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War (1795-1876)29
8633793479ZapataRevolutionary Leader in Mexico during the Mexican Revolution who originated from the lower classes and was especially appealing to the peasants because he wanted to take land from the haciendas and return it to them.30
8633793480Poor Economic SituationFirst Reason for cause of French Revolution.... P____ E_______ S_______31
8633793481AbsolutismSecond Reason for cause for French Revolution A_______32
8633793482Ignoring Estates GeneralThird Reason for cause for French Revolution I______ E_______ G_______.33
8633793483150 yearsBefore the calling of the Estates General in 1789, how long was it before they were last called?34
8633793484NapoleonThis man rose to power by first invading Egypt, then became military hero, then in a coupe became Consul of France, later Emperor.35
8633793485IndustryReason for US's success during Revolutionary period...36

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