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| 6315528894 | Declaration of the Rights of Women | In 1791, Olympe de Gouges published this declaration which claimed the same rights for women that revolutionary leaders had granted to men such as the right to vote, and the right to speak your mind. | 0 | |
| 6315556385 | Popular Sovereignty | the notion that legitimate political authority resides not in kings but, rather, in the people who make up a society. | 1 | |
| 6315560909 | The Social Contract | an influential book written by Jean-Jacques Rosseau, who argues that members of a society were collectively the sovereign, not just the elite and wealthy. | 2 | |
| 6315567804 | American Revolution | When colonists were unhappy with British rule, they went through this change. They Boycotted British products, attacked British officials, and did protests like the Boston Tea Party. They wrote the Declaration of Independence and then fought for their independence, which they won. | 3 | |
| 6315576906 | Continental Congress | a group that coordinated the colonies' resistance to British policies. | 4 | |
| 6315583265 | "no taxation without representation" | the slogan used by the colonists when they were unhappy with the taxes that Britain was unfairly making them pay. | 5 | |
| 6315587203 | The Declaration of Independence | a document written by the Continental Congress that drew inspiration from Enlightenment political thought in justifying the colonies' quest for independence. It asserted that "all men are created equal" and "the right to life, liberty, and property". It stated that the government should rule with the consent of the governed, and if the governed were not happy, the people should be able to institute a new government. | 6 | |
| 6315595516 | Peace of Paris (1783) | a document? In which the British government formally recognized American independence. | 7 | |
| 6315604327 | Ancien regime | "old order"- the existing French society during the French revolution. There were 3 estates, or political classes. The 1st consisted of Roman Catholic clergy, the 2nd included nobles, and the 3rd included the rest of the population (serfs, free peasants, and urban residents). | 8 | |
| 6315609525 | French Revolution | A more radical affair than the American revolution- French Revolutionary leaders wanted nothing to do with existing society and sought to replace it with new political, social, and cultural structures, but they lacked experience with self-government | 9 | |
| 6315614883 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen | articulated the guiding principles of the broad program of political and social form, undertook by the National Assembly. It proclaimed the equality of all men, declared that sovereignty resided in the people, and asserted individual rights to liberty, property, and security. | 10 | |
| 6315623674 | "liberty, equality, and fraternity" | the goals of the new French society, reconfigured by the National Assembly between 1789 and 1791. The Assembly abolished the old social order and many fees and labor services that peasants owed to their landlords. It altered the role of the Church in French society by seizing church lands, abolishing the first estate, defining clergy as citizens, and requiring clergy to take an oath of loyalty to the state. Also made the king the chief executive official, but deprived him of legislative authority. France became a constitutional monarchy in which men who owned property had the right to vote in elections to choose legislators | 11 | |
| 6315627130 | Waterloo | where a British army defeated Napoleon in Beligium. | 12 | |
| 6315633851 | Gens de couleur | French for "people of color", 28,000 on Haiti, most were mulattoes and some were black. They were artisans, domestic servants, or overseers. About 500 of them were sent to fight in the American was of independence and returned to Saint-Dominique with the intent of reforming their society. | 13 | |
| 6315639778 | Central American Federation | a group formed by the southern regions of the Mexican empire after they declared their own independence, until they split into Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. | 14 | |
| 6315647969 | A Vindication of the Rights of Women | an essay written by Mary Wollstonecraft that argues that women have all the rights that Locke had granted to men. | 15 | |
| 6315654311 | Volksgeist | the popular soul or spirit or essence of the nationalists community ? | 16 | |
| 6315665101 | Zionism | a political movement that holds the Jewish people constitute a nation and have the rights to their own national homeland. Although it arose in response to exclusive nationalism in Europe, it provoked a resentful nationalism among Palestinian Arabs displaced by Jewish settlers. Conflicts between Jews and Palestinians still continue today. | 17 | |
| 6315671541 | Congress of Vienna | representatives of the "great powers" that defeated Napoleon (Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia) met and attempted to restore the prerevolutionary order. the Congress dismantled Napoleon's empire, returned sovereignty to Europe's royal families, restored them to the thrones they had lost during Napoleonic era, and created a diplomatic order based on a balance of power that prevented and one state from dominating the others | 18 | |
| 6315676660 | "blood and iron" | included in Otto von Bismarck's first speech as prime minister. Refers to the three wars he intentionally provoked with Denmark, Austria, and France, all of which Prussia was victourious in | 19 | |
| 6315683240 | Olympe de Gouges | a French butcher's daughter who was self-educated and won fame as a journalist, actress, and playwright. She was a strong advocate of women's rights. She wrote a Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, which attracted little support. She was then executed in 1793 because of her love for Marie Antoinette and her fight for women's rights. | 20 | |
| 6315692736 | John Locke | an English philosopher who formulated one of the most influential theories of contractual government. In his Second Treatise of civil Government, he said that because individuals voluntarily formed society and established government, rulers derived their authority from the consent of those whom they governed. | 21 | |
| 6315695572 | Voltaire | a philosopher whose real name was Francois-Marie Arouet, but wrote under this pen name. He epitomized the spirit of the Enlightenment. He championed individual freedom and attacked any institution sponsoring intolerant or oppressive policies | 22 | |
| 6315705116 | Jean-Jacques Rosseau | a French-Swiss thinker who wrote the social contract | 23 | |
| 6315710364 | George Washington | an American leader who provided strong and imaginative military leadership for the colonial army. | 24 | |
| 6315718420 | Louis XVI | a French king who was unable to raise more revenue from the overturned peasantry, so he sought to increase taxes on the French nobility, which had long been exempt from taxes. This caused issues and eventually led to the formation of the National Assembly | 25 | |
| 6315725595 | Maximilien Robespierre | a lawyer who emerged during the revolution as a ruthless but popular radical known as "the Incorruptible". He dominated the Committee of Public Safety, the executive authority of the Republic. He also dominated the convention with the Jacobin party. In July 1794, he and his allies were arrested by the Convention, convicted of tyranny, and sent to the guillotine. | 26 | |
| 6315735171 | Napoleon Bonaparte | studied at French military schools and became an officer in the army of King Louis XVI. He overthrew the Directory in France and established the Consulate and crowned himself emperor. | 27 | |
| 6315743465 | Bourkman | a Voudu priest who organized a slave revolt on Saint-Dominigue. Slaves began killing white settlers, burning their homes, and destroying their plantations. He died while fighting, shortly after starting the revolt. | 28 | |
| 6315751817 | Francois-Dominique Toussaint | (called himself "Louverture" from the French l'ouverture mening "the opening) He was a son of slaves and learned to read and write from a Catholic priest. He was very smart and rose to the position of livestock overseer. He wanted a Constitution that granted equality and citizenship to all residents of Saint-Dominigue. He was the leader of the slaves, but was arrested, sent to France, and died in jail. | 29 | |
| 6315762199 | Miguel de Hidalgo | a parish priest who led a peasant rebellion in Mexico. He rallied indigenous people and mestizos against colonial rule. He was captured by Conservative creoles and executed, but his rebellion continued for three years after his death. He became the symbol of Mexican independence. | 30 | |
| 6315766116 | Augustin de Iturbide | a creole general who ended colonial rule and declared Mexican independence from Spain. The next year, he named himself emperor of Mexico, but his empire didn't last long because he was an incompetent administrator and was overthrown by creole elites, who then established a republic. | 31 | |
| 6315789502 | Simon Bolivar | a creole elite in South America who led the movement for independence. He was born in Caracas(modern day Venezuela) and was a republican steeped in Enlightenment ideas of popular sovereignty. He assembled an army that crushed the Spanish army in Colombia. He then campaigned in Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru. His goal was to make the former Spanish colonies of South America into a great confederate like the United States. Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador formed a republic called Gran Colombia, which he attempted to being Peru and Bolivia into, but he then pronounced South America "ungovernable" and died of tuberculosis | 32 | |
| 6315797415 | Bernando O'Higgens | a creole leader who worked with Simon Bolivar in Chile to fight for independence. | 33 | |
| 6315803222 | Jose de San Martin | a creole leader who worked with Simon Bolivar in Argentina to fight for independence | 34 | |
| 6315806034 | Pedro I | declared Brazil's independence and accepted appointment as Emperor after he was left as the regent by his king father. | 35 |
