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AP World History Semester 1 final Flashcards

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8732663010Royal RoadConstructed by Darius the Great in Persia in the 5th century BCE. Aided communication, trade, and administration of the empire.0
8732663011SatrapiesThe system of administration under the Achaemenid Empire whereby the emperors ruled through regional governors.1
8732663012Terracotta Warriorsfunerary objects created by slave labor under by the first Qin emperor. They are a example of how emperors used coerced labor to suit their whims2
8732663013ShihuangdiFirst Qin emperor who unified China through force and military strength.3
8732663014AshokaRuled a large empire in South Asia where Buddhism was promoted.4
8732663015Mauryan DynastyRuled an empire in Northern India and restored Hinduism.5
8732663016Silk Roadsimportant Eurasian trade route in the Classical and Post-Classical Era. It declined due to the rise of the Atlantic trade stystm, the spread of the black plague long its route, and the disunity of Central Asia after the fall of the Mongol Emires.6
8732663017Represents Caeserpopism in the Byzantine empire.7
8732663018Justinianemperor who expanded the size of the Byzantine empire, codified the legal system based on Roman law, and enforced Christianity in his empire8
8732663019SouthernizationThe transfer of ideas throughout Asia in the post-classical era which led to innovations that were later adopted by Europeans.9
8732663020Zeroinvented in India and transferred to the West through Arab traders.10
8732663021Champa Riceoriginated in Vietnam then transferred to China through the tribute system11
8732663022Dhowdeveloped in the Indian Ocean trade routes then adopted to the European caravel.12
8732663023Domesticated mammalsItem lacking in the Americas which impeded their ability match the trade volumes seen in Afro-Eurasia.13
8732663024Moldboarddeveloped in east Asia and adopted by Western Europe in the Middle Ages greatly improving agricultural yields.14
8732663025maizeEngineered in Meso-America (central America) and transferred indirectly to north and south America. Became one of the most important items transferred to Europe in the Colombian exchange.15
8732663026agriculturedeveloped independently in several areas of the world in the neolithic era.16
8732663027pastoralistsnomadic herders who aid in the spread of culture and technology due to their contact with several different settled societies.17
8732663028IncaNative American civilization whose ability to trade was limited by their location in the Mountains18
8732663029Cahokialarge Native American civilization in North America which engaged in long-range trading ranging all the way from the Great Lakes to the Gulf Coast.19
8732663030DaoismEast Asian religion stressing the importance of harmony in nature20
8732663031ConfucianismEast Asian religion stressing the creation of order in society adhering to traditional social roles.21
8732663032Zena syncretic faith created through a blend of Mahayana Buddhism and Daoism22
8732663033Virgin of Guadalupesyncretic faith blending elements of traditional Aztec beliefs with Catholocism23
8732663034mulattoRacial class in the Americas consisting of individuals with Spanish and African genetic roots24
8732663035JanissariesChristian and Jewish subjects who were forced to convert to Islam but given powerful positions in the Ottoman military.25
8732663036MestizosRacial class in the Americas consisting of individuals with Spanish and Native American roots.26
8732663037PenensularesRacial class in the Americas consisting of individuals with Spanish blood who were born in Spain27
8732663038CreolesRacial class in the Americas consisting of individuals with Spanish blood who were born in the Americas. They were barred from holding high government, military, or church offices.28
8732663039Holy Roman EmpireA loose confederation of German states nominally ruled by an elected emperor29
8732663040Malaccaregion in modern day Malaysia through with much shipping in Southeast Asia passes. It was temporarily occupied by the Portuguese in the Pre-modern era.30
8732663041Fall of RomeLed to much disunity and lack of centralization in Western Europe for nearly a millennium.31
8732663042Led to spread of agriculture and malaria.32
8732663043Led to development of Swahili language and adoption of the Southeast Asian banana as an important African crop.33
8732663044One effect was the introduction of measles and smallpox which decimated previously unexposed populations34
8732663045Trade of gold and salt created wealthy empires here.35
8732663046empire whose innovations included paper, printing, and gunpowder.36
8732663047Deadly invasions here led to an empire which created relative peace and led to the reopening of important trade routes.37
8732663048People who engaged in raids throughout coastlines of European waterways but did not establish long-lasting, powerful states.38
8732663049Main market for American and Japanese silver.39
8732663050Region connected to Asia in the last ice age allowing for Asian settlers to reach the areas by foot at least 40,000 years ago.40
8732663051empire that eventually shrunk in size due to invasions by nomadic neighbors.41
8732663052Region which heavily persecuted members of religious minority groups after political unification in the 15th century.42
8732663053led some leaders to convert from traditional religions in order to attract and facilitate trade. However masses in these regions blended this new religion with traditional beliefs.43
8732663054Settlers here navigated by astronomical, wind, and tide observations and transferred pigs, chickens, and yams from Asia.44
8732663055Arose due to combination of religious and political conflicts.45
8732663056Caused gender imbalance and rise of some strong empires in Africa from participation in the slave trade46
8732663057Three-field systemprovided for annual rotation of crops, leaving 1/3 of the land fallow (empty) for fertilization by pastoral animals. Led to increased crop production in Europe.47
8732663058justification by faithLuther's belief that salvation comes only from faith and that good words are not needed.48
8732663059Tokugawa Shogunateperiod of limited contact with the West49
8732663060physiocratsomeone who advocates minimal government involvement in trade.50
8732663061mercantilstsomeone who advocates extensive government regulation of the economy in order to preserve a country's bullion.51
8732663062capitalistsomeone who believes in private ownership and individual risk in business ventures.52
8732663063represents leader who required nobles to shave off their beards and dress in western clothing in an effort to modernize the nation.53
8732663064represents person who maintained a strong absolute monarchy in France.54
8732663065Spainsettled Americas with relatively few women, creating a race of people of mixed Spanish and Native blood.55
8732663066Portugalsettled Americas with relatively few women and also imported large amounts of slaves to work on sugar plantations resulting in a large population of mixed Native, African, and European heritage.56
8732663067EnglishSettled Americas with families and also held deep racial beliefs about inferiority of other races resulting in colonies with little mixing of European and Native heritage.57
8732663068Portuguese Empire58
8732663069Spanish Empire.59
8732663070Dutch Empire60
8732663071British Empire61
8732663072Route of Ferdinand Magellan62
8732663073Route of Vaso da Gama63
8732663074Route of Jacques Cartier64
8732663075Route of Bartolomeo Dias65
8732663076Route of Christopher Colombus66

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