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| 278461525 | Aryans | Iran was the "land of the ____" | 0 | |
| 278461526 | Cyrus | son of Persian chieftain married a Median princess united various Persian tribes, overthrew Median monarch (550 BCE) made deal with Babylon- took over without a fight Medes and Persians held positions of responsibility showed respect to Babylonian priesthood | 1 | |
| 278461527 | Darius | seized throne after Cambyses died (showed skill, energy and ruthlessness) Medes played lesser role dispatched exploration fleets complete canal linking Red Sea to Nile empire was the largest the world had yet seen divided empire into twenty provinces, each supervised by a satrap (governor) known as the lawgiver | 2 | |
| 278461528 | Zoroaster | founder of Zoroastrianism said the world was created by Ahuramazda humanity is participating in cosmic struggle (between good and evil) | 3 | |
| 278461529 | Royal roads | connected outlying provinces to hear of empire way stations-built at intervals to receive important travelers and couriers at strategic points- garrisons controlled people's movements (mountain passes, river crossings) | 4 | |
| 278461530 | Satraps | Persian governors who supervised one of the twenty provinces | 5 | |
| 278461531 | Persepolis | ceremonial capital built by Darius, then finished by Xerxes inspired by Mesopotamian traditions of great Assyrian kings probably the scene of events of special significance for king and people | 6 | |
| 278461532 | Peloponnesian War | struggle between Athenian and Spartan alliance systems unlike previous Greek war- Athenians used naval power to insulate against attact Athens built three long walls to connect to Piraus (port) Athens was defeated in naval battle after Persians supplied Spartans with money to build ships later, Persians took over war-weary Greece | 7 | |
| 278461533 | Hellenistic | during conquest of Alexander land under Greek rule became influenced by Greek culture time of large kingdoms, heterogeneous population, great cities, powerful rulers, pervasive bureaucracies, disparities in wealth different from small, homogeneous, independent city-states of Archaic and Classical Greece long distance trade and communication | 8 | |
| 278461534 | Pericles | took last steps of evolution of Athenian democracy transferred power to popular organs of government men of moderate or little means could hold office and participate in political process | 9 | |
| 278461535 | Persian Wars | after failed Ionian Revolt against Persia Darius sent naval fleet to punish Eretria and Athens Xerxes succeeded throne, sent invasionary force and messengers, telling them to submit Hellenic League formed under Spart- battle of Thermopylae Persia was defeated in naval battle of Salamis Delian League formed later and defeated Persia, led by Athens Athenian navy was very important and respected | 10 | |
| 278461536 | Hoplite | heavily armored infantry men who fought in close formation maintained cohesion of one's own formation while breaking open enemy's line new kind of warfare, usually short, most causalities on the defeated army armies were made of private citizens and didn't need special training | 11 | |
| 278461537 | Socrates | philosopher brought to trial, chared of corrupting youth of Athens and not believing in gods of city juries were often modivated by emotion than by legal principles- fairly close to being guilty then he wanted to be rewarded for his services- death by drinking hemlock | 12 | |
| 278461538 | Acropolis | hilltop ("top of the city")- offered place of refuge in emergency fortified high point | 13 | |
| 278461539 | Piraeus | port city of Athens became most important commercial center in eastern Mediterranean in Peloponnesian War, Athens built three walls connecting it to the city | 14 |
