Terms : Hide Images
| 8461527624 | neolithic revolution = (changes to "societies") | -hunting/gathering -AGRICULTURE -spread of populations -family based groups -metalworking -led to more complex economic/social systems | 0 | |
| 8461560634 | sedentary agriculture | settled down AG | 1 | |
| 8461562740 | nomadic societies | -animal herding -seen as "barbarians" -indo-europeans/ huns -animals influence the culture -courage cultures | 2 | |
| 8461578770 | courage cultures in nomadic societies | -kin-based groups -great warriors -valued courage, honor, loyalty, and hospitality -male centered (some exceptions) -polytheistic | 3 | |
| 8461605388 | nomadic contact with other people | -some peaceful (trade) -some hostile (invasions/conflict) | 4 | |
| 8461651627 | factors of a civilization | -economic surplus -formal government -writing system -urban centers | 5 | |
| 8461674585 | pastoralism | -raising and herding animals | 6 | |
| 8461686018 | agriculture and pastoralism led to---- | -more reliable food sources -technology improvements to compensate for the need for more food (pottery/ wheels) -patriarchal societies | 7 | |
| 8461713599 | more reliable food -> surpluses -> led to specialization -> division of labor -> social classes | -rising of societies due to increase in agricultural practices | 8 | |
| 8461720293 | early civilizations | -Egypt (Nile River Valley) -Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa (Indus River Valley) -Shang (Yellow or Huang He River Valley) -Olmecs (Mesopotamia) -Chavin (Andean South America) | 9 | |
| 8464505696 | Mesopotamia | -Tigris-Euphrates river valley (Sumerians) -cuneiform -polytheistic -monumental architecture(Ziggurats) -math -city-states -slavery -pessimistic | 10 | |
| 8461748955 | Early Egypt Civilization- WHERE? | Nile River Valley | 11 | |
| 8461754482 | Early Egypt Civilization- WHEN? | -white time period (8000BCE - 600 BCE) | 12 | |
| 8461803072 | Early Egypt Civilization- INFO | -Unified regional kingdom -Monumental architecture (pyramids) -Hieroglyphics -Pharaohs -Polytheistic -Optimistic -Aryans (Indo-European) -Epic/Vedas Ages -Polythesitc --> Hinduism -Caste System | 13 | |
| 8461820183 | polytheistic | -many gods | 14 | |
| 8461820186 | monotheistic | one gods | 15 | |
| 8461827288 | Indus River Vally Civilization- INFO | -Harappa/Mohenjo-Daro -planned cities with sewage system -trade with Mesopotamia -writing | 16 | |
| 8461851843 | Indus River Vally Civilization- DECLINE | -natural/environmental causes -invaders -nomadic migrations | 17 | |
| 8461864432 | Aryans (Indo-Europeans) | -epic/vedic ages -polytheistic -> Hinduism -caste system | 18 | |
| 8461867026 | Vedas (Epic/Vedic Ages) | Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century | 19 | |
| 8461893653 | Early Chinese Civilization | -HuangHe (Yellow) RIver -Shang Dynasty -Zhou Dynasty | 20 | |
| 8464401330 | Shang Dynasty INFO | -patriarchal -ancestor worship -oracle bones (Writing) -strong kings (Expansion) | 21 | |
| 8464409209 | Zhou Dynasty INFO | -feudalism -Mandate of Heaven | 22 | |
| 8464425122 | early Chinese feudalism | ????? | 23 | |
| 8464427983 | Mandate of Heaven | divine support for their rule | 24 | |
| 8464462790 | ziggurats | massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes | 25 | |
| 8464477051 | Neolithic | -New Stone Age(8000 BCE-appx.4000 BCE) -Bronze Age -Most Important | 26 | |
| 8464480462 | Mesolithic | Middle Stone Age (12000 BCE-8000 BCE) | 27 | |
| 8464483539 | Paleolithic | Old Stone Age ( 2.5mil BCE-12000 BCE) | 28 | |
| 8464485873 | Iron VS Bronze | Iron was and is STRONGER | 29 | |
| 8464485876 | Indo-Europeans | -caused problems (invasions; came from the Caspian Sea area) | 30 | |
| 8464489555 | animalistic | nature focus | 31 | |
| 8464493605 | Empire Requirements | -order -ranking -language -defense -advancement -land -growing population -social system -resources -trade -education -etc.... | 32 | |
| 8464493606 | Civilizations: | 1. sedentary agriculture 2. surplus 3. specialize/divison of labor SOCIAL STRATIFICATION (social classes/ranking) | 33 | |
| 8464509832 | Cuneiform | form of writing using clay tablets | 34 | |
| 8464509833 | Who did Mesopotamia fall to? | Akkadians, then Babylonians | 35 | |
| 8464514927 | King Hammurabi importance | -law codes (to help promote consistency) -most important ruler of Babylonian empire | 36 | |
| 8464528078 | Sumerians | people who migrated to Mesopotamia` | 37 | |
| 8464528079 | City-state | -form of political organization typical of Mesopotamia civilizations -consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king | 38 | |
| 8464531021 | Babylonians | -unified all of Mesopotamia -empire collapsed due to foreign invasion -King Hammurabi | 39 | |
| 8464533681 | Pharaoh | kings of ancient Egypt | 40 | |
| 8464536031 | Pyramids | -monumental architecture for ancient Egypt -used as burial sites for pharaohs | 41 | |
| 8464539688 | Kush | -an African state that developed along the upper -reaches of the Nile -conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries | 42 | |
| 8464542168 | Indus River | -river sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea -location of Harappa civilization | 43 | |
| 8464542170 | Harappa | -major urban complex of the Harappan civilization -laid out on a planned grid pattern | 44 | |
| 8464544725 | Aryans | -Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization -militarized society | 45 | |
| 8464558854 | In China Writing was __________ and speaking language was _________ | universal; different | 46 | |
| 8464567220 | Americas | -Olmecs(mother civilization) -Chavin (South America) | 47 | |
| 8464567222 | Olmecs | -mother civilization -Mesoamerica -Irrigation -cities -writing -calendar -trade -large stone heads*** -no wheel -no large domesticated animals | 48 | |
| 8464569351 | Chavin | -South America -Andes -corn,quinoa,potatoes,llamas -Temples -Arts and Crafts | 49 | |
| 8464572529 | Phoenicians | -Alphabet (ours is based off theirs) (based on sounds) -traders on the Mediterranean | 50 | |
| 8464577030 | Jews | -Monotheism -God's focus on humans -Ethics/Law -Holy Text | 51 | |
| 8464577033 | Bureaucracy | -hierarchy -specialized functions | 52 | |
| 8464586920 | Warring States Period | -influenced the start of Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism -provided opportunity for philosophers to think of new ways to run things -led to new philosophies | 53 | |
| 8464586924 | syncretism | coming together; union of different principles, practices, or parties relating to philosophy or religion | 54 | |
| 8464590690 | Zhou (Pattern) | -feudalism (decentralized) -contributions: extend territory, focus on centra government, culture/language unity(written language mostly) -Mandate of Heaven -Decline | 55 | |
| 8464590691 | Qin (Pattern) | -Qin Shi Huangdi -Legalist -Contribution | 56 | |
| 8464593635 | Qin Shi Huangdi (Qin Dynasty) | -first emperor -created great wall*** -standardized stuff like roads -spent lots of money -killed tons of people -book burnings -killed scholars Terra Cotta Army*** | 57 | |
| 8464593652 | Han (Pattern) | -Golden Age? -Han Wudi -Decline (central control weakness, internal problems, nomadic invaders) | 58 | |
| 8464596091 | Political Institutions (China) | -central authority with strong local units -bureaucracy with exam system (in theory=equal opportunity) -role of the state in culture, economy, court system -invaders could destroy a dynasty but couldn't find a better way to run things (assimilation) | 59 | |
| 8464599506 | Religion and Culture (China) | -Confucianism -Legalism -Daoism | 60 | |
| 8464599507 | Confucianism | -Confucius (Kong Fuzi) -Ethics, responsibly -Five relationships: father-son, husband-wife, etc) | 61 | |
| 8464601975 | Legalism | -people are bad so you have to have harsh laws | 62 | |
| 8464605167 | Daoism | -more spiritual -harmony with nature -the Dao -co-exist with Confucianism -balance | 63 | |
| 8464607783 | Economy (China) | -upper class/peasants/"mean" people | 64 | |
| 8464607784 | status of merchants and tradesmen | -very low -they were looked down upon | 65 | |
| 8464607786 | type of society (patriarchal or matriarchal) | -very patriarchal | 66 | |
| 8464610722 | were they technologically advanced | yes | 67 | |
| 8464615322 | thoughts of other people outside China | -they are "barbarians" -we are superior | 68 | |
| 8464615323 | Confucianism VS Daoism | Confucianism wins; it is the dominate policy | 69 | |
| 8464617996 | secular | not religious | 70 | |
| 8464623244 | Alexaner the Great | -took over part of India -conquered Persian empire -attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures | 71 | |
| 8464623245 | Caste System | -5 Varnas (sections) -many subclasses (Jati) 1. Warriors (Kshatriyas) 2. Priests (Brahmans) 3. Traders/Farmers (Vaisyas) 4. Common Laborers (Sudras) 5. Untouchables -(Buddism didn't like the caste system) -mobility??? -promoted tolerance??? | 72 | |
| 8464625404 | Mauryan | -Chandragupta (NOT GUPTA) -Ashoka | 73 | |
| 8464625405 | Chandragupta | -large armies -bureaucracy -autocratic | 74 | |
| 8464628042 | autocratic | -relating to a ruler who has absolute power | 75 | |
| 8464630377 | Ashoka | -extended territory -converted to Buddism -trade -grandson of Chandragupta | 76 | |
| 8464634474 | Gupta | -smaller territory -negotiated and intermarried with local ruling families | 77 | |
| 8464634476 | Political Institutions (India) | -regionalism and diversity -religion didn't stress politics -preist became source of authority (Hindu Preists) | 78 | |
| 8464637544 | Hinduism | -no single founder -multiple approaches -flexible -reincarnation -Ethics: Dharma and Karma -reinforced caste system | 79 | |
| 8464637560 | Buddism | -4 noble truths -Nirvana -equal opportunity -no priests -monasteries -monks/missionaries spread | 80 | |
| 8464640608 | Bodhisattvas | buddhist saint | 81 | |
| 8464640610 | Arts/Sciences (India) | -literature -drama -science -math (decimals, zero, number systems) -astronomy -medicine -scripture -painting -architecture (stupas) | 82 | |
| 8464642854 | Family Life (India) | -Patriarchal -children were spoiled and encouraged to imagine and play -once children were old enough to work they were put to work -served s economic unit | 83 | |
| 8464642855 | Economy (India) | -trade -merchants were treated better than in China -still agricultural at base | 84 | |
| 8464645542 | Buddha | -creator of Buddhism -found enlightenment under bo tree -taught that enlightenment can be achieved by abandoning desires for all earthly things | 85 | |
| 8464645543 | Sanskrit | -sacred and classical Indian language | 86 | |
| 8464647723 | Indra | -chief deity of the Aryans | 87 | |
| 8464647724 | dharma | -caste position and career determined by a person's birth -Hindu culture requires that one accept one's social position and perform occupation to best of ones abilities in order to have a better situation the next life | 88 | |
| 8464650929 | Vishnu | -the brahman god of sacrifice -later hindu -widely worshipped | 89 | |
| 8464650930 | Shiva | -hindu -god of destruction and reproduction worshipped as personification of cosmic forces pf change | 90 | |
| 8464653250 | Nirvana | -Buddhist state of enlightenmant or tranquillity | 91 | |
| 8464653255 | Stupas | -stone shrines built to house pieces of bone or hair and personal possessions said to be the relic of the Buddha | 92 | |
| 8464665171 | Code of Ur | created by Nammu (Sumer) | 93 | |
| 8464682291 | Zoroastrianism | ?????? | 94 | |
| 8464691035 | Hebrew Monotheism | ???? | 95 | |
| 8464701475 | through what does culture unify states | laws language religion myths monumental art literature monumental architecture belief systems | 96 | |
| 8464718387 | Christianity | ?????? | 97 | |
| 8464726169 | art/architecture reflects values of --- | belief systems | 98 | |
| 8464728199 | filial piety | ?????? | 99 | |
| 8464736118 | shamanism | ????? | 100 | |
| 8464739271 | ancestor worship | the worship of those who came before.......(more) | 101 | |
| 8464750811 | Hellenistic | A stone-walled enclosure found in Southeast Africa. Have been associated with trade, farming, and mining. | 102 | |
| 8464762800 | coercive labor | forced labor | 103 | |
| 8464771047 | Peloponnesian Wars | Conflict between Athens and Sparta | 104 | |
| 8464776590 | Punic Wars | the three wars waged by Rome against Carthage, 264-241, 218-201, and 149-146 b.c., resulting in the destruction of Carthage and the annexation of its territory by Rome. | 105 | |
| 8464779506 | Greece (Political) | -Direct democracy (Athens) -tyranny -aristocracy/ not monarchy | 106 | |
| 8464787259 | aristocracy | ?????? | 107 | |
| 8464791750 | Rome (Political) | -republic: senate/assembly/2 consuls -political ethics/ideal of public service -structure of the state/loyalty to the state -local autonomy -tolerance for local customs/religions -strong military organization -law codes/common sense -public works/infrastructure | 108 | |
| 8465231399 | Fertile Crescent | The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers gave life to the first known agricultural villages in this area about 10,000 years ago and the first known cities about 5,000 years ago. | 109 | |
| 8465240201 | pictograms | A pictorial symbol or sign representing an object or concept | 110 | |
| 8465243190 | ideograms | A character or figure in a writing system in which the idea of a thing is represented rather than it's name (example: Chinese) | 111 | |
| 8465243192 | Sumer | The world's first civilization, founded in Mesopotamia, which existed for over 3,000 years. | 112 | |
| 8465250826 | Oracle Bones | The earliest known Chinese writing is found on these from ritual activity of the Shang period. | 113 | |
| 8465250828 | Teotihuacan | A large central city in the Mesoamerican region. Located about 25 miles Northeast of present day Mexico City. Exhibited city planning and unprecedented size for its time. Reached its peak around the year 450. | 114 | |
| 8465253363 | Great Zimbabwe | A stone-walled enclosure found in Southeast Africa. Have been associated with trade, farming, and mining. | 115 | |
| 8465262976 | Minoans | One of the early proto-Greek peoples from 2600 BCE to 1500 BCE. Inhabitants of the island of Crete. Their site of Knossos is pictured above. | 116 | |
| 8465262977 | Plato | Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens. | 117 | |
| 8465270066 | Diocletian | Roman emperor of 284 C.E. Attempted to deal with fall of Roman Empire by splitting the empire into two regions run by co-emperors. Also brought armies back under imperial control, and attempted to deal with the economic problems by strengthening the imperial currency, forcing a budget on the government, and capping prices to deal with inflation. Civil war erupted upon his retirement. | 118 | |
| 8465274782 | Huns | large nomadic group from northern Asia who invaded territories extending from China to Eastern Europe. They virtually lived on their horses, herding cattle, sheep, and horses as well as hunting. | 119 | |
| 8465280382 | Tang Revival | Continuing the imperial revival started by the Sui Dynasty this dynasty that followed restored the Chinese imperial impulse four centuries after the decline of the Han, extending control along the silk route. Trade flourished and China finally reached its western limits when its forces were defeated by the imperial armies of the Muslim Abbasid Empire at the Talas River--which stopped future expansion by both empires. | 120 | |
| 8465286366 | Yellow Turban | A 184 C.E. peasant revolt against emperor Ling of Han. Led by Daoists who proclaimed that a new era would be3ing with the fall of the Han. Although this specific revolt was suppressed, it triggered a continuous string of additional outbreaks | 121 | |
| 8465289222 | Aryans | immigrants who arrived at the Ganges river valley by the year 1000 BC | 122 | |
| 8465292006 | Guilds | -associations of businessmen and producers -associations like those of merchants or artisans, organized to maintain standards and to protect the interests of its members, and that sometimes constituted a local governing body. | 123 | |
| 8465292010 | Caste system | a social system that separated people by occupation, the caste system in India has virtually no social mobility | 124 | |
| 8465297480 | Silk Road | 125 | ||
| 8465317780 | ????? | 126 |
