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AP World history sheet 2 Flashcards

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7286201159Nara and Heian Japanthe last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185.0
7286210122The fujiwara clandescending from the Nakatomi clan and through them Ame-no-Koyane-no-Mikoto, was a powerful family of regents in Japan.1
7288420956Lady murasaki and "the tale of genji"a classic work of Japanese literature written by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu in the early years of the 11th century in "concertina" or "orihon" style2
7288429643Central Asia and mongoliaCountry in north-central Asia, bordered by Russian Siberia to the north, and China to the east, south, and west.3
7288437816The aryan invasion of IndianIndia was invaded and conquered by nomadic light-skinned Indo-European tribes from Central Asia around 1500-100 BC, who overthrew an earlier and more advanced dark-skinned Dravidian civilization from which they took most of what later became Hindu culture.4
7288449665Dravidiansa member of any of the peoples speaking a Dravidian language.5
7288452615Indian caste systemYou are the social class your parents were.6
7288475448AshokaKnown as "the Great." Died 232 bc. King of Magadha (273-232) who united most of the Indian subcontinent under one rule and was converted to Buddhism, establishing it as the state religion.7
7288481522Constantinople/ Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople.8
7288488285JustinianJustinian I, traditionally known as Justinian the Great and also Saint Justinian the Great in the Eastern Orthodox Church, was the Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565.9
7288493893Early medieval Europe "dark ages"Migration period, also called Dark Ages or Early Middle Ages, the early medieval period of western European history—specifically, the time (476-800 ce) when there was no Roman (or Holy Roman) emperor in the West or, more generally, the period between about 500 and 1000, which was marked by frequent warfare10
7291251492Feudalismthe dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.11
7291252759CharlemagneThe first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire; his name means "Charles the Great." Charlemagne was king of France in the late eighth and early ninth centuries and was crowned emperor in 800.12
7291266519Mohammed and the foundation of IslamThe religious, social, and political tenets that Muhammad established in the light of Quran became the foundation of Islam and the Muslim world.13
7291285184Umayyad and abbasid caliphatesThe Abbasid dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566-653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name.They ruled as caliphs, for most of their period from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after assuming authority over the Muslim empire from the Umayyads in 750 CE (132 AH).14
7291297946Bantu and their migrationsThe Bantu Migration is the movement of the Bantu people, originally from Congo, into other countries of eastern and southern Africa such as Tanzania and Kenya.15
7291304530NubiaNubia is a region along the Nile rivers encompassing the areas between what is today central Sudan and southern Egypt.16
7291305650GhanaGhana, a nation on West Africa's Gulf of Guinea, is known for diverse wildlife, old forts and secluded beaches, such as at Busua.17
7291306826OlmecThe Olmecs were the first major civilization in Mexico following a progressive development in Soconusco.18
7291306827MayaThe Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its hieroglyphic script—the only known fully developed writing system of the pre-Columbian Americas19
7291308492The persian empireThe Persian Empire is one of a series of imperial dynasties centered in Persia. The first of these was the Achaemenid Empire established by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC with the conquest of Median, Lydian and Babylonian empires.20
7291311241The hebrews and monotheismJudaism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions in the world. God in Judaism is strictly monotheistic, an absolute one, indivisible, and incomparable being who is the ultimate cause of all existence.21
7291313794The phoenicians and the alphabetThe Phoenician alphabet was perhaps the first alphabetic script to be widely-used22
7291315994The lydians and coinageCoins are said to have been invented in Lydia around the 7th century BC.23
7291324037Greek City-statesAthens and Sparta There was Corinth, which was the richest commercial city of ancient Greece. Thebes is the birthplace of Hercules24
7291327217Democracya system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.25
7291327218Persian warsThe Greco-Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC.26
7291329311peloponnesian warThe Peloponnesian War was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.27
7291330244Alexander the greatAlexander III of Macedon, commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.28
7291332797Hellenismthe national character or culture of Greece, especially ancient Greece.29
7291334959HomerHomer is the name ascribed by the ancient Greeks to the legendary author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems which are the central works of ancient Greek literature.30
7291337485Socrates and platoAlong with his teacher, Socrates, and his most famous student, Aristotle, Plato laid the very foundations of Western philosophy and science.31
7291348174AristotleAristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece.32
7291349537Western scientific thoughtWestern philosophy is the philosophical thought and work of the Western world.33
7291352887Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic was the era of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire.34
7291355273Plebeians Vs. PatriciansThe distinction between patricians and plebeians in Ancient Rome was based purely on birth. Although modern writers often portray patricians as rich and powerful families who managed to secure power over the less-fortunate plebeian families, plebeians and patricians among the senatorial class were equally wealthy.35
7291360837punic warsThe Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. At the time, they were probably the largest wars that had ever taken place.36
7291362843Julius caesarGaius Julius Caesar, usually called Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.37
7291364295Roman empireThe Roman Empire was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.38
7291372631Qin, Han, Tang DynastiesQin Dynasty was the first unified, multi-national and power-centralized state in the Chinese history. It lasted from 221 BC to 207 BC. Although surviving only 15 years, the dynasty held an important role in Chinese history and it exerted great influence on the following dynasties.In 207 BC, the army led by Liu Bang conquered the troops of the Qin Dynasty (221 - 207BC) at Julu (currently Hebei Province) and in 206 BC he seized Xianyang (the capital city of the Qin Dynasty), thus ending the rule of Qin. In the same year, he defeated his rival, Xiang Yu, and established the Han Dynasty (206BC - 220AD). Chang'an (the present Xian) was made its capital city in 202BC.Tang Dynasty was the most glistening historic period in China's history. Founded in 618 and ending in 907, the state, under the ruling of the Tang Emperors, became the most powerful and prosperous country in the world. Particularly, in this glorious period, the economy, politics, culture and military strength reached an unparalleled advanced level.39
7291374719Shi HuangdiQin Shi Huang was the founder of the Qin dynasty and was the first emperor of a unified China. He was born Ying Zheng or Zhao Zheng, a prince of the state of Qin40
7291377773Chinese tributary systemthe network of trade and foreign relations between China and its tributaries, which helped to shape much of East Asian affairs.41
7291378988The silk roadThe Silk Road or Silk Route was an ancient network of trade routes that were for centuries central to cultural interaction originally through regions of Eurasia connecting the East and West and stretching from the Korean peninsula and Japan to the Mediterranean Sea.42

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