Terms : Hide Images
| 4924548230 | Bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam. | 0 | |
| 4924558034 | Shaykhs | leaders of the tribes and clans within Bedouin society; usually men with large herds, several wives, and many children | 1 | |
| 4924565914 | Mecca | the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace | 2 | |
| 4924568029 | Umayyad | clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan established dynasty as rulers of Islam, 661 to 750 | 3 | |
| 4924575682 | Ka'ba | most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among Bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shrine in Islam | 4 | |
| 4924578028 | Qur'an | the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | 5 | |
| 4924585097 | Umma | community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity | 6 | |
| 4924587662 | Zakat | tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims | 7 | |
| 4924591887 | Five Pillars | the obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj | 8 | |
| 4924596463 | Caliph | the political and religious successor to Muhammad | 9 | |
| 4924599357 | Ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites. best friend of Muhammad also son in law and cousin | 10 | |
| 4924611139 | Abu Bakr | one of Muhammad's earliest converts; succeeded Muhammad as first caliph of Islamic community | 11 | |
| 4924627347 | Ridda Wars | wars that followed Muhammad's death in 632; resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans; restored unity of Islam | 12 | |
| 4924629386 | Jihad | a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal; often used for wars in defense of the faith | 13 | |
| 4924640797 | Battle of Siffin | fought in 657 between forces of Ali and Umayyads; settled by negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party | 14 | |
| 4924643187 | Sunni | political and theological division within Islam; supported the Umayyads | 15 | |
| 4924647906 | Shi'a | also known as Shi'ites; political and theological division within Islam; followers of Ali | 16 | |
| 4924652040 | Karbala | site of defeat and death of Husayn, son of Ali; marked beginning of Shi'a resistance to Umayyad caliphate | 17 | |
| 4924655895 | Mawali | non-Arab converts to Islam | 18 | |
| 4924659869 | Dhimmis | literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus | 19 | |
| 4924665109 | Abbasids | the dynasty that came after the Ummayads. The ummayad lost power in AD 759 because they upset mant muslims especially in Persia. Persian Muslims thought that Arab Muslims got better treatment | 20 | |
| 4924668502 | Wazir | chief administrative official under the Abbasid caliphate; initially recruited from Persian provinces of Empire | 21 | |
| 4924672237 | Ayan | the wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule | 22 | |
| 4924676462 | Allah | Muslim name for the one and only God.. Supreme god in strictly monotheistic Islam | 23 | |
| 4924698730 | Khadijah | first wife of the prophet Muhammad, who had worked for her as a trader | 24 | |
| 4924704048 | Hijra | the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution a.d. 622: regarded as the beginning of the Muslim Era. | 25 | |
| 4924707845 | Ramadam | Islamic month of religious observance requiring fasting from dawn to sunset | 26 | |
| 4924710557 | Hajj | a Muslim's pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, to worship Allah at the Ka'ba | 27 | |
| 4924713732 | Damascus | Syrian city that was capital of Umayyad caliphate | 28 | |
| 4924716791 | Hadiths | traditions of the prophet Muhammad | 29 | |
| 4924723906 | Battle of River Zab | victory of Abbasids over Umayyads; resulted in conquest of Syria and capture of Umayyad capital | 30 | |
| 4924727307 | Baghdad | capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon | 31 | |
| 4924729848 | Dhows | Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design | 32 | |
| 4924732598 | Mosque | a Muslim place of worship usually in Islam | 33 |
