Chapter 3- Eurasian Empires
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| 7811011923 | Alexander the Great | Alexander III of Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwestern India. |  | 0 |
| 7811011924 | Ashoka | The most famous ruler of the Mauryan empire; he converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance. |  | 1 |
| 7811011925 | Athenian Democracy | A radical form of direct democracy in which much of the free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot. |  | 2 |
| 7811011926 | Caesar Augustus | The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war. |  | 3 |
| 7811011927 | Greco Persian War | Two major Persian invasions of Greece, in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea each time. |  | 4 |
| 7811011928 | Han Dynasty | Dynasty that ruled China, creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building acheivement. |  | 5 |
| 7811011929 | Hellenistic Era | The period in which Greek culture spread widely into Eurasia in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander's political successors. |  | 6 |
| 7811011930 | Mauryan Empire | A major empire founded by Chandragupta that encompassed most of India and unified the Indian subcontinent. |  | 7 |
| 7811011931 | pax Romana | The "Roman Peace," a term typically used to denote the stability and prosperity of the early Roman Empire. |  | 8 |
| 7811011932 | Persian Empire | A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India. |  | 9 |
| 7811011933 | Qin Shihuangdi | First emperor from the Qin that forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state. |  | 10 |
| 7811011934 | Empire | States, political systems that exercise coercive power; often multi-national, aggressive, and often conquer, rule and extract resources from other states. |  | 11 |
| 7811011935 | Imperial State | A state that imposes its will on other states politically, economically and socially. |  | 12 |
| 7811011936 | Cyrus, Darius | Rulers of the Persian Empire |  | 13 |
| 7811011937 | Julius Caesar | Roman politician and general who eventually led to the demise of the Roman Republic and gave rise to the Roman Empire | 14 | |
| 7811011938 | Indus River | river that sources in the Himalayas and flows to its mouth in the Arabian Sea; location of the early civilizations Harappa and Mohenjo Daro | 15 | |
| 7811011939 | Ganges River | Located in India, this river is considered sacred to Hindus and is used for spiritual cleansing, funeral rites, and other Hindu rituals. | 16 | |
| 7811011940 | Himalayas | The highest mountains in the world, which stretch along northern India, separating it from the rest of Asia. | 17 | |
| 7811011941 | Aryans | Indo-European speaking nomads who entered India from the Central Asian steppes between 1500 and 1000 BC and greatly affected Indian society. | 18 | |
| 7811011942 | Kshatriyas | The warrior and aristocrat varna of the caste system. | 19 | |
| 7811011943 | Untouchables | also called pariahs, lowest level of the Indian society; not considered a part of the caste system; did degrading jobs | 20 | |
| 7811011944 | Mauryan Dynasty | INDIAN DYNASTY: vast capital, well organized bureaucracy, public works, libraries, schools. Great leader - Asoka- created the pillars of law, converted to Buddhism, sent missionaries to Asia, became a philosopher king, was tolerant of other religions., (323-185 BC) | 21 | |
| 7811011945 | Ashoka | Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing. | 22 | |
| 7811011946 | Gupta Empire | Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism. 320 - 647 CE., promoted peace and prosperity, flowering in the arts and learning, students were educated in religious schools, taught mathematics, medicine physics, languages, literature, and other subjects. mathematicians devised the system of writing number that we use today, originated the concept of zero and developed the decimal system. Indian physicians were using herbs and other remedies to treat illness. Surgeons were skilled in setting bones and in simple surgery to repair injures. | 23 | |
| 7811011947 | Hinduism | A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms | 24 | |
| 7811011948 | Himalayas | The highest mountains in the world, which stretch along northern India, separating it from the rest of Asia. | 25 | |
| 7811011949 | Deity | A god; divine being | 26 | |
| 7811011950 | Cyrus | Monarch of Persian Empire (557-530 BCE) | 27 | |
| 7811011951 | Darius | Monarch of Persian Empire (522-486 BCE) | 28 | |
| 7811011952 | Ahura Mazda | Great Persian god who willed that Kings were absolute monarchs, more than willing to crush rebellious regions or officials | 29 | |
| 7811011953 | Herodotus | Was impressed by how agents of the imperial courier service used horses to carry message from one end of the road to another | 30 | |
| 7811011954 | Persepolis Palace | Largest palace in Persepolis; Persian empires ancient capital; audience hall. | 31 | |
| 7811011955 | Indo-European | Europe and Asia; as far as India | 32 | |
| 7811011956 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher and scientist | 33 | |
| 7811011957 | Zeus | Greek god of the sky, was the ruler of all other Greek gods. | 34 | |
| 7811011958 | Olympic Games | A sporting event held every four years; Greek city-states stopped their fighting to participate in these; started in 776 BCE | 35 | |
| 7811011959 | City-states | a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state. | 36 | |
| 7811011960 | Hoplites | Citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greek city-states who were primarily armed with spears and shields | 37 | |
| 7811011961 | Helots | The helots were a subjugated population group that formed the main population of Laconia and Messenia, the territory controlled by Sparta | 38 | |
| 7811011962 | Pericles | Pericles was a prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator and general of Athens during the Golden Age—specifically the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars. | 39 | |
| 7811011963 | Ionia | A number of Greek settlements on the Anatolian seacoast. | 40 | |
| 7811011964 | Parthenon | Marvelous temple to the Greek goddess names Athena built in the Golden Age of Greek culture | 41 | |
| 7811011965 | Peloponnesian War | Brutal civil war between Athens and Sparta; (431-404 BCE). Athens was ultimately defeated. | 42 | |
| 7811011966 | Hellenic Period | Period of Ancient Greece history ranging from 507-323 BCE (first democracy to death of Alexander the Great) | 43 | |
| 7811011967 | Hellenistic Period | Widespread dissemination of Greek culture in this period (323-30 BCE) | 44 | |
| 7811011968 | Alexandria, Egypt | Different from original city-states of Greece, was in Egypt, founded by Alexander the Great | 45 | |
| 7811011969 | Patricians | Republic in which men of wealthy class dominated in Rome | 46 | |
| 7811011970 | Plebians | Poorer classes in Rome | 47 | |
| 7811011971 | Punic Wars | War between Rome and Carthage; Rome was victor- this caused expansion of Roman control and made Rome a naval power | 48 | |
| 7811011972 | Slavery | The cruel use of others in order to do work for a person- usually POW's were sold into slavery | 49 | |
| 7811011973 | Julius Caesar | A military leader with imperial riches | 50 | |
| 7811011974 | Octavian Augustus | Was the first emperor of Rome, had a divine status among all of Rome | 51 | |
| 7811011975 | Pax Romana | the Roman Peace; the era of imperial Romes greatest extent and greatest authority | 52 | |
| 7811011976 | Zhou Dynasty | One of the powerful dynasties that ruled ancient China | 53 | |
| 7811011977 | Mandate of Heaven and son of heaven | The ancient Chinese belief/theory that heaven granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well. The son of heaven was the imperial title given to the emperors | 54 | |
| 7811011978 | Legalism | Advocated clear rules and harsh punishments as a means of enforcing the authority of the state | 55 | |
| 7811011979 | Shihuangdi | Succeeded brilliantly in unifying China, was first emperor of China | 56 | |
| 7811011980 | Confucious | Developed ideas of Confucianism; this process was used by China | 57 | |
| 7811011981 | Eunuchs | Castrated court officials | 58 | |
| 7811011982 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | A major peasant revolt | 59 | |
| 7811011983 | Civil service | a branch of governmental service in which individuals are employed (hired) on the basis of professional merit as proven by competitive examinations; or the body of employees in any government agency apart from the military, which is a separate extension of any national | 60 | |
| 7811011984 | Latin | Italian; blended with Germanic elements that was produced at the fall of the Roman Empire | 61 | |
| 7811011985 | 476 CE | End of the Roman Empire | 62 | |
| 7811011986 | Aryans | Pastoral Indo-European people long thought to have invaded and destroyed the Indus Valley civilization and then created the new one along the Ganges | 63 | |
| 7811011987 | Arthashastra | A famous treatise that articulated a pragmatic, even amoral, political philosophy for Mauryan rulers | 64 | |
| 7811011988 | Ashoka | Indian monarch; left a record of his activities and his thinking in a series of edicts carved on rocks and pillars throughout the kingdom | 65 | |
| 7811011989 | empire | a political system that exercises coercive power; a larger/more aggressive state that conquers, rules, and extracts resources from other states/people | 66 | |
| 7811011990 | Persian Empire | its monarchs were Cyrus and Darius; had imperial spies; policy of respect for other cultures; built a canal and royal roads | 67 | |
| 7811011991 | Athenian democracy | all could participate in the Assembly | 68 | |
| 7811011992 | citizenship | free people could run the affairs of the state | 69 | |
| 7811011993 | Hellenistic era | the widespread dissemination of Greek culture | 70 | |
| 7811011994 | Alexander the Great | Philip II's son that led an expedition against Persia and unified the Greeks against a common enemy | 71 | |
| 7811011995 | Caesar Augustus | Rome's first emperor | 72 | |
| 7811011996 | pax Romana | the era of imperial Rome's greatest extent and authority | 73 | |
| 7811011997 | Qin Shihuangdi | China's first emperor who launched a military campaign to reunify China | 74 | |
| 7811011998 | Senate | an assembly of wealthy members in Rome that advised the consuls | 75 | |
| 7811011999 | Ashoka | an emperor of the Mauryan Empire who left records of his thoughts on edicts throughout the kingdom | 76 | |
| 7811012000 | Mauryan Empire | an impressive political structure with a large military force along the Ganges River | 77 |
