Terms : Hide Images
| 11753970468 | Byzantine Empire | *Definition:* Surviving Eastern Roman Empire (on the site of new capital: Constantinople). *Significance:* Eastern Power with Eastern Orthodox Christianity (the power transfer to the East). Where scholars, technology, and more was promoted. |  | 0 |
| 11753970469 | Constantinople | *Definition:* New capital of eastern half of Roman Empire. *Significance:* Highly defensible and economically important site helped assure city's cultural and strategic importance. |  | 1 |
| 11753970470 | Justinian | *Definition:* Byzantine Emperor (527 - 565 CE). *Significance:* Short-lived conquest of much of the former Western Roman Empire and codification of Roman law. |  | 2 |
| 11753970471 | Caesaropapism | *Definition:* Political and religious system in which the secular ruler is also the head of the religious establishment (Byzantine Empire). *Significance:* Allowed the Emperor to be head of state (Caeser) and head of the church (Pope). He was all powerful. |  | 3 |
| 11753970472 | Eastern Orthodox Christianity | *Definition:* A branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire. *Significance:* The subordinate of the church of political authority (married clergy, beard, and ultimate authority in belief). |  | 4 |
| 11753970473 | Icons | *Definition:* Holy images venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church. *Significance:* It caused conflicts between Christian sects. Icons vs no Icons. |  | 5 |
| 11753970474 | Prince Vladimir of Kiev | *Definition:* Grand Prince of Kiev (978 - 1015 CE). *Significance:* Converted to Orthodox Christianity which led to the incorporation of Russia into the sphere of Eastern Orthodoxy. |  | 6 |
| 11753970475 | Kievan Rus | *Definition:* State that emerged around the city of Kiev (9th century). *Significance:* A culturally diverse region with Vikings, Finnic, and Baltic peoples. It became part of the Eastern Orthodox. |  | 7 |
| 11753970476 | Charlemagne | *Definition:* The ruler of the Carolingian Empire (768 - 814 CE). *Significance:* Staged an imperial revival in Western Europe. He was also crowned Holy Emperor by the Pope. He expanded the empire and broke the "dark ages" of Europe. |  | 8 |
| 11753970477 | Holy Roman Empire | *Definition:* Describes the Germanic-based empire founded by Otto I in 962. *Significance:* The revival of Frankish Empire (Charlemagne emperor). It was a multi-ethnic European super-state. |  | 9 |
| 11753970478 | Roman Catholic Church | *Definition:* Western European branch of Christianity (separate from the Eastern Orthodox). *Significance:* The religious power in the West with the Pope and Bishops. With the Pope as the authority in matters of doctrine (called for crusades). |  | 10 |
| 11753970479 | Western Christendom | *Definition:* West European branch of Christianity. *Significance:* It was separate from Eastern Orthodox with a major break that still isn't healed. | 11 | |
| 11753970480 | Crusades | *Definition:* "Ventures of the Cross" meaning the holy wars waged by the Western Christendom (1095 until the end of the Middle Ages). *Significance:* Crusaders declared by Pope (only him) and were marked by participants swearing a vow and receiving indulgence in return. (The fight with Isam and the East). |  | 12 |
| 11753970481 | European cities | Cities in Europe that were mostly developed during the Medieval Period and that retain many of the same characteristics such as extreme density of development with narrow buildings and winding streets, an ornate church that prominently marks the city center, and high walls surrounding the city center that provided defense against attack. |  | 13 |
| 11753970482 | system of competing states | The distinctive organization of Western European political life that developed after the fall of the western Roman Empire in the fifth century C.E. in which the existence of many small, independent states encouraged military and economic competition. | 14 | |
| 11753970483 | Aristotle and classical Greek learning | Some works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) had always been known in Western Europe, but beginning in the eleventh century, medieval thought was increasingly shaped by a great recovery of Aristotle's works and a fascination with other Greek authors; this infusion of Greek rationalism into Europe's universities shaped intellectual development for several centuries. | 15 |
