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| 7013743921 | In what ways did pastoral societies differ from their agricultural counterparts? | - Pastoral societies supported smaller populations. - They generally lived in small/widely scattered encampments of kinfolk. -Pastoral societies generally offered women a high status, fewer restrictions, and a greater role in public life. - Pastoral societies were far more mobile. | 0 | |
| 7013756000 | In what ways did pastoral societies interact with their agricultural neighbors? | - Economically: nomades sought access to foodstuffs, manufactured goods, and luxury items available only from their agricultural neighbors. - Politically/Militarily: Pastoral peoples at times came together to extract wealth from agricultural societies through trading, raiding, and extortion. - Culturally: Members of some pastoral societies adopted religions of their agricultural neighbors. | 1 | |
| 7013774592 | In what ways did the Xiongnu, Arabs, Turks, and Berbers make an impact on world history? | *Xiongnu:* They had a revolution in nomadic life and transformed fragmented and egalitarian societies. They were centralized with hierarchical political system where rulers were divine and had a more pronounced social status. *Arabs:* They had the largest and most expansive religious tradition emerge (Islam). They also provided stock troops of Islamic expansion of Arab Empire. *Turks:* They carried Islam to new regions (North India and Anatolia). They had an important role in the heartland of Islam. Their power carved empires out of settled society. *Berbers:* They build Almoravid Empire (1000s) in Morocco. They conquered Spain and brought sophisticated Islamic culture there. | 2 | |
| 7013803773 | Identify the major steps in the rise of the Mongol Empire? | 1.) Chinggis Khan succeeded in bringing the Mongols together into the Great Mongol Nation. 2.) Khan held the alliance together by launching series of military campaigns against agricultural societies of Eurasia. 3.) Through Mongol world war, Khan and his successors constructed an empire that included China, Korea, Central Asia, Russia, much of Islamic Middle East, and parts of Eastern Europe. | 3 | |
| 7013819811 | How did Mongol rule change China? In what ways were the Mongols changed by China? | - Mongols united China. - Mongols took Chinese dynastic title, the Yuan, and moved their capital to a new capital city: " The City of Khan" (Beijing). - Mongols made use of Chinese administrative practices and techniques of taxation and postal system. - Mongol Khans made use of traditional Confucian ritual, which returned the favor with strong political support for the invaders. | 4 | |
| 7013835815 | How was Mongol rule in Persia different from that in China? | - Heavy taxation pushed Persian peasants off the land. - Mongol rulers in Persia were transformed far more than in China. For example, Mongols made extensive use of Persian bureaucracy. - Unlike China, Mongols who conquered Persia converted in large numbers to the local Muslim faith. - A number of Mongols turned to farming and married local people so when their rule in Persia collapsed, they weren't driven out like in China. | 5 | |
| 7013856280 | What was distinctive about the Russian experience of Mongol rule? | - Mongols conquered Russia but did not occupy it like in China and Persia. - Russia was still exploited, but Mongol impact was uneven. - The absence of direct Mongol rule meant Mongols were less influenced by Russians and didn't assimilate within Russian cultures. - Russia, unlike Persia or China, suffered repeated attacks from Mongols who maintained nomadic lifestyle in Caucus Mountains (only raided to loot and for slaves). | 6 | |
| 7013874510 | What kinds of cross-cultural interactions did the Mongol Empire generate/ | - It actively promoted international commerce. - Mongol trading circuit stretched from China to Near East (most of Eurasia). - Prompted diplomatic relationships across Eurasia. - Increased exchange in Eurasia with forcible transfer of thousands of skilled citizens. - Facilitated spread of religion and encouraged the exchange of ideas. | 7 | |
| 7013886102 | Disease changes societies. How might this argument apply to the plague? | - Loss of population due to plague created labor shortages that provoked conflict between scarce workers and rich. Workers undermined the practice of Serfdom in Europe. - Labor shortages also caused greater interest in technology innovations in Europe. This created more employment opportunities for women. - Plague caused significant disruptions to trade routes to east, and this trade disruption (with desire to avoid Muslim Intermediaries), provided incentives of Europeans to take to the sea in continuing effort to reach riches in Asia. | 8 |
