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| 7027037026 | What accounts for the massive peasant rebellions of 19th-century China? | - China's population grew rapidly, but agriculural production was unable to keep up. This caused a growing pressure on the land, small farms for peasants, unemployment, impoverishment, misery and starvation. - China's centralized bureacratic state did not enlarge and couldn't keep pace with growing population. - Peasants increasingly protested opposition of Qing dynasty because of foreign Manchurian origins. - Tipang Uprisings found its inspiration in unique form of Christianity. | 0 | |
| 7027051672 | How did Western pressures stimulate change in China during the 19th-century? | - China was forced to continue to import Opium. - Hong Kong to Britain increasingly opened more imports to Europenas. - Tariffs and taxes were put on China - Extraterritorial. - Europeans carved out spheres of influence within China and created military bases, exported raw materials, and made railroads. - Inhabited CHina's industrialization. | 1 | |
| 7027061501 | What lay behind the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th-century? | - Empire shrank in size because of European aggression and nationalist independence movements. - Weakened in revenue, authorities, and local warlords gained power. - Janissaries became reactionary defenders (bad). - There was a technology gap with the West. - Europeans achieved direct oceanic access to Asia. - Foreign merchants with immunity of Ottoman Law/legal procedures. - In debt and reliant on foreign loans. The inability to pay loans led to foreign control of the revenue-generating system. | 2 | |
| 7027076914 | What strategies did China adopt to confront its various problems? In what ways did these strategies reflect China's own history and culture as well as the new global order? | - Chinese instituted a "self-strengthening" program where traditional China and new traditions of West mixed. - Sought out qualified candidates for bureaucratic positions and new Exam system. - New factories! - Telegraph system of communication. - Opposition from Conservative Leaders, they hoped the "self-strengthening" program would allay fears of power privileges would disappear. | 3 | |
| 7027093424 | In what different ways did the Ottoman State respond to its various problems? | - Launched program of "defensive modernization" that made a new military, administrative structures with traditional ideas that enhanced and centralized state power. - Ambassadors sent to courts of Europe to study methods and advisors. - Re-organization (Tanzimat) sought to provide economic, social, and legal underpinnings for the strong and newly re-centralized state. - Cloth, paper, agricultural land, telegraphs, steamboats, and postal service. - Integrate non-Muslims subjects and were equality accepted. | 4 | |
| 7027106871 | In what different ways did various groups define the Ottoman Empire during the 19th-century? | - Young Ottomans defined the empire as a secular state, loyal to dynasty rather than Muslim state. They embraced Western technology and science. - During the Reactionary Reign of Sultan Abd al-Hamid II, the empire was defined as a despotic state. - Oppostition of Abd al-Hamid II led Young Turks to military and civilian elites to advocate militantly secular public life. (Turkish National State). | 5 | |
| 7027117330 | In what ways was Japan changing during the Tokugawa era? | - Samurai evolved into a salaried bureaucratic/administractive class. - Centuries of peace created a burst of economic growth, commercialization, and urban development. - Most urbanized country. - Education increased literacy rate. - Social tensions occurred between merchants and Samurai. - Peasants moved to the cities to find new traders. - There was a wave of local peasant uprisings and urban riots that expressed grievances of poor. | 6 | |
| 7027128580 | In what respects was Japan's 19th-century transformation revolutionary? | 1.) included an attack on the power, privilege of both daimyo and samurai and their replacement with governors. 2.) Dismantled old Confucian-based social order and abolished class restrictions on occupation, residence, marriage, and clothing. 3.) Study of science and technology of West. 4.) Political and education systems 5.) Borrowing of Western ideas (foreign + Japan.) 6.) Resulted in state-fuided industrialization program. | 7 | |
| 7027141879 | How did Japan's relationship to the larger world change during its modernization process? | - Unequal treaties were rewritten in Japan's favor. - Japan launched their own empire-building enterprise. (Having colonial control of Taiwan, Korea, and Manchuria). - Fought successful wars with China and Russia. - Inspiration for other subject poeples. Became model for own modern development and ally for struggle against inperialism. | 8 |
