Chapter 3 - Eurasian Empires
Chapter 4 - Eurasian Cultural Traditions
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| 5498722824 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments. |  | 0 |
| 5498722825 | Confucius (Kong Fuzi) | The founder of Confucianism (551-479 B.C.E.); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history. |  | 1 |
| 5498722826 | Ban Zhao | A major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45-116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women. |  | 2 |
| 5498722827 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi. |  | 3 |
| 5498722828 | Upanishads | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E. |  | 4 |
| 5498722829 | Vedas | The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E. |  | 5 |
| 5498722830 | Aristotle | A Greek polymath philosopher (384-322 B.C.E.); student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. |  | 6 |
| 5498722831 | Theravada | "The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs. |  | 7 |
| 5498722832 | Buddhism | a religion, originated in India that believes life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment |  | 8 |
| 5498722833 | Siddhartha Gautama | The Indian prince who turned ascetic (ca. 566-486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism. |  | 9 |
| 5498722834 | Mahayana | "Great Vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original (Theravada) Buddhism. |  | 10 |
| 5498722835 | Nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity & great compassion. |  | 11 |
| 5498722836 | Bhagavad Gita | A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation. |  | 12 |
| 5498722837 | Zoroastrianism | Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra. |  | 13 |
| 5498722838 | Zarathustra | A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism. |  | 14 |
| 5498722839 | Judaism | The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh/YHWH) with concerns with social justice. |  | 15 |
| 5498722840 | Isaiah | One of the most important prophets of Judaism, whose teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice (eighth century B.C.E.) |  | 16 |
| 5498722841 | Greek rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in Classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms. |  | 17 |
| 5498722842 | Socrates | The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 B.C.E.) |  | 18 |
| 5498722843 | Plato | A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 to 348 B.C.E. |  | 19 |
| 5498722844 | Constantine | Roman emperor (r. 306-337 C.E.) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe. |  | 20 |
| 5498722845 | Paul of Tarsus (Saint Paul) | The first great popularizer of Christianity (10-65 C.E.) |  | 21 |
| 5498722846 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 B.C.E.-30 B.C.E.). |  | 22 |
| 5498722847 | Theodosius | Roman emperor (r. 379-395 C.E.) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals. |  | 23 |
