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| 5355257859 | Meroe | Capital of a flourishing kingdom in southern Nubia from the 300 BCE to 100 CE. In this period Nubian culture shows more independence from Egypt and the influence of sub-Saharan Africa. Deforestation contributed to its decline. | 0 | |
| 5355264400 | Piye | A Kushite ruler who conquered Egypt, declaring himself the "living image of Axum". He thoroughly assimilated to Egyptian culture, and reluctantly went to war while paying respects to the gods. After becoming master of all of Egypt, he departed. | 1 | |
| 5355257860 | Axum | An African empire located in what is now Eritrea & Ethiopia c. 50 CE that was a naval and trading power; Christianity became the kingdom's religion. Brought down by environmental problems. | 2 | |
| 5373576569 | Niger valley civilization | This civilization formed as people flooded from the Sahara in search of water. It had no complete state structure, and existed in clusters of economically specialized settlements. | 3 | |
| 5373578530 | Maya civilization | A well-known Mesoamerican civilization which led to the concept of zero in mathematics and the most elaborate writing system of the Americas. Many achievements took place without a central authority. The civilization collapsed with completeness, but not uniformity. | 4 | |
| 5355257871 | Teotihuacan | The first major metropolis in Mesoamerica in what is today Mexico; collapsed around 800 CE. It is most remembered for the gigantic "pyramid of the sun". | 5 | |
| 5355257873 | Chavin | The first major urban civilization in South America (900-250 BCE). Its capital was located high in the Andes Mountains of what is today called Peru. | 6 | |
| 5355257858 | Moche | A civilization of the north coast of Peru (200-700 C.E.). An important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressive urban centers dominated by brick temples. Farmed maize, beans, and squash adopted from Mesoamerica. | 7 | |
| 5373586262 | Wari and Tiwanaku | Interior empires which provided a measure of political integration and cultural commonality for the Andean region, without controlling a continuous band of territory. They differed in economic structure but had no conflicts. | 8 | |
| 5355257861 | Bantu expansion | A major African language family famous for migrations throughout central and southern Africa. | 9 | |
| 5373590062 | Chaco Phenomenon | Encompassing 25,000 square miles, this linked outlying settlements to a center while maintaining a small population. | 10 | |
| 5355257879 | Mound Builders | Native american civilizations of the eastern region of north america that created distinctive earthen works that served as elaborate burial places. | 11 | |
| 5355257880 | Cahokia | A commercial center for regional and long-distance trade in North America located near modern St. Louis. Its hinterlands produced staples for urban consumers. In return, its crafts were exported inland by porters and to North American markets in canoes. | 12 | |
| 5373595972 | Pohnpei | A Micronesian island where a stone and coral urban complex was a ceremonial, administrative and burial center of the Saudeleur dynasty. This demonstrated an example of social complexity | 13 | |
| 5373603925 | Tonga | A Polynesian island displaying social complexity through rulers, known as Tu'i Tonga, and their royal court. They displayed early practice of socialism. | 14 | |
| 5373603926 | mana | A spiritual energy or power, associated primarily with chiefs and demonstrated by success. | 15 | |
| 5373603927 | tapu | To maintain the purity of mana, this concept of ritual restriction or prohibitions elevated someone or something above the ordinary. | 16 | |
| 5373604216 | Yap | An island involving trade of commodities as a set of tributary relationships. Tributes would be given to high-ranking people who would give in return something worth more. The whole system was supported by a fear of sorcery. | 17 |
