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| 6765790963 | Matrilocal | of or denoting a custom in marriage whereby the husband goes to live with the wife's community. | 0 | |
| 6765797588 | Hammurabi | the first king of the Babylonian Empire, best known for his legal codes. | 1 | |
| 6765801726 | Matrilineal | of or based on kinship with the mother or the female line. | 2 | |
| 6765805618 | Harappa | site of one of the great cities of the Indus River Valley civilization of the third millennium BCE. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials. | 3 | |
| 6765826202 | Mesopotamia | a region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. In the Bronze Age, this area included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian empires. In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires. | 4 | |
| 6765850112 | Pastoralism | the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. | 5 | |
| 6765854342 | Jericho | a city located near the Jordan River in the West Bank. | 6 | |
| 6765860880 | Social Differentiation | the distinction made between social groups and persons on the basis of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, as sex, age, or ethnicity, resulting in the assignment of roles and status within a society. | 7 | |
| 6765881326 | Shang Dynasty | the first dynasty in China. Rulers and their relatives gave orders through large networkof cities. Largest Chinese dynasty so far, controlled close to 40,000 square miles. | 8 | |
| 6765881327 | Metalworking | the process of working with metals to create individual parts, assemblies, or large-scale structures. | 9 | |
| 6765883740 | Civilization | the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced. | 10 | |
| 6765883741 | Catal Huyuk | a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic proto-city settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BCE to 5700 BCE, and flourished around 7000 BCE. It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic sitr found to date. | 11 | |
| 6765886780 | Sumerians | a member of the indigenous non-Semitic people of Babylonia. | 12 | |
| 6765940866 | Zhou Dynasty | (1046-256 BCE) was the longest-lasting of China's dynasties. It followed the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BCE) and it finished when the army of the state of Qin captured the city of Chengzhou in 256 BCE. The long history of the Zhou Dynasty is normally divided in two different periods: Western Zhou (1046-771 BCE) and Eastern Zhou (770-256 BCE). | 13 | |
| 6765940867 | Qin Shi Huang Di | the founder of the Qin dynasty and was the first emperor of a unified China. Conquered all other Warring States and united China in 221 BCE. | 14 | |
| 6765943210 | Qin Dynasty | was brief in duration (221-206 BCE) but very important in Chinese history, it was the first unified and politically central imperial Chinese dynasty. It followed the Zhou dynasty (1046-256 BCE) and it ended when Liu Bang became the king of Han in 206 BCE (the formal beginning of the Han dynasty). | 15 | |
| 6765943211 | Han Dynasty | (206 BCE-220 CE) was one of the longest of China's major dynasties. With only minor interruptions it lasted a span of over four centuries and was considered a golden age in Chinese history especially in arts, politics and technology. | 16 | |
| 6765943212 | Wu Ti | the seventh emperor of the Han dynasty of China, ruling from 141-87 BC. | 17 | |
| 6765945263 | Mandate of Heaven | the idea that there could be only one legitimate ruler of China at a time, and that this ruler had the blessing of the gods. | 18 | |
| 6765945264 | Era of Warring States | the period from 475 BCE until the unification of China under the Qin dynasty, characterized by lack of centralized government in China. Followed the Zhou Dynasty. | 19 | |
| 6765947156 | Legalism | a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime. | 20 | |
| 6765947157 | Mandarins | educated bureaucrats who were one of the three main social groups of ancient China | 21 | |
| 6765949708 | "Mean People" | general category of people identified as ancient China's lower social group who performed unskilled labor | 22 | |
| 6765949709 | Patriarchalism | ideas that social organization should be ordered with the male as the head of the family and institutions | 23 | |
| 6765951915 | Confucius | aka King Fuzi - a Chinese philosopher who wrote an elaborate political philosophy that became the core of China's culture. Those who adapted his teachings saw him not as a deity, but as a master of ethics. | 24 | |
| 6765951916 | Daoism | a philosophy founded by Laozi that emphasizes living in harmony with nature. Rejects many of the Confucian ideas. | 25 | |
| 6765951917 | Silk Road | an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles) | 26 | |
| 6765953746 | Laozi | a philosopher and poet of ancient China. | 27 | |
| 6765953747 | Analects | a collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries | 28 | |
| 6765955899 | Alexander the Great | king of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia. | 29 | |
| 6765955900 | Aryans | immigrants who arrived at the Ganges river valley by the year 1000 BCE | 30 | |
| 6765957747 | Maurya Dynasty | dynasty that ruled ancient India from 322-185 BCE. | 31 | |
| 6765957748 | Ashoka | the Mauryan emperor who promoted Buddhism throughout his empire | 32 | |
| 6765957749 | Gupta Empire | controlled most of the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military force and its prestige as a center of sphisticated culture | 33 | |
| 6765960703 | Untouchables | a member of the lowest-caste Hindu group or person outside the caste system | 34 | |
| 6765960704 | Hinduism | a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being of many forms and natures and by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth. | 35 | |
| 6765960705 | Sanskrit | an Indo-European language in use since circa 1200 BCE as the religious and classical literary language of India | 36 | |
| 6765962567 | Upanishads | a major book in Hinduism that is often in the form of dialogues that explored the Vedas and the religious issues that they raised. | 37 | |
| 6765962568 | Dharma | the basic doctrine shared by Buddhists of all sects. | 38 | |
| 6765964862 | Vishnu and Shiva | major Hindu gods, called The Preserver and the Destroyer, respectively. | 39 | |
| 6765964863 | Buddhism | a religion, originated in India by Buddha (Gautama) and later spreading to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia, holding that life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment that enables one to halt the endless sequence of births and deaths to which one is otherwise subject. | 40 | |
| 6765964864 | Tamil Kingdoms | the kingdoms of southern India, inhabited primarily by speakers of Dravidian languages, which developed in partial isolation, and somewhat differently, from the Aryan north. | 41 | |
| 6765968823 | Himalayas | a mountain range in South Asia which separates the Indo-Gangetic Plain from the Tibetan Plateau. | 42 | |
| 6765968824 | Vedas | early Indian sacred 'knowledge'-the literal meaning of the term-long preserved and communicated orally by Brahmin priests and eventually written down. | 43 | |
| 6765968825 | Varnas | the four major social divisions in India's caste system: the Brahmin priest class, the Kshatriya warrior/administrator class, the Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and the Shudra laborer class. | 44 | |
| 6765971478 | Jati | a sub-varna in the caste system that gave people of sense of community because they usually consisted of people working in the same occupation. | 45 | |
| 6765975757 | Chandragupta Maurya | the founder of the Maurya Empire and the first emperor to unify most of Greater India into one state. | 46 | |
| 6765975758 | Karma | in Indian tradition, the residue of deeds performed in past and present lives that adheres to a 'spirit' and determines what form it will assume in its next life cycle. Used in India to make people happy with their lot in life. | 47 | |
| 6765975759 | Hindu Kush | an 800-kilometre-long mountain range that stretches between central Afghanistan and northern Pakistan. It is a western subrange of the Himalayas. | 48 | |
| 6765977994 | Brahman | the term for The Universal Soul in Hinduism. | 49 | |
| 6765980256 | Nirvana | release from suffering into a blissful nothingness. | 50 | |
| 6765980257 | Stupas | a dome-shaped structure erected as a Buddhist shrine | 51 | |
| 6765983374 | Cyrus the Great | created the Persian Empire by defeating the Medes, Lydians, and Babylonians; was known for his allowance of existing governments to continue governing under his name | 52 | |
| 6765983375 | Pericles | aristocratic leader who guided the Athenian state through the transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens. | 53 | |
| 6765988381 | Hellenistic Age | Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until the spread of Islam. | 54 | |
| 6765988382 | Punic Wars | the three wars waged by Rome against Carthage, 264-241, 218-201, and 149-146 b.c., resulting in the destruction of Carthage and the annexation of its territory by Rome | 55 | |
| 6765990595 | Julius Caesar | part of the first triumvirate who eventually became "emperor for life". Chose not to conquer Germany. Was assassinated by fellow senators in 44 B.C.E. | 56 | |
| 6765990596 | Diocletian | Roman emperor of 284 C.E. Attempted to deal with fall of Roman Empire by splitting the empire into two regions run by co-emperors. Also brought armies back under imperial control, and attempted to deal with the economic problems by strengthening the imperial currency, forcing a budget on the government, and capping prices to deal with inflation. Civil war erupted upon his retirement. | 57 | |
| 6765993173 | Constantine | Roman emperor who adopted Christianity for the Roman Empire and who founded Constantinople as a second capital | 58 | |
| 6765993174 | City-States | a small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory. A characteristic political form in early Mesopotamia, Archaic and Classical Greece, Phoenicia, and early Italy. | 59 | |
| 6765994856 | Roman Senate | a council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire. | 60 | |
| 6765994857 | Consuls | under the Roman Republic, one of the two magistrates holding supreme civil and military authority. Nominated by the Senate and elected by citizens in the Comitia Centuriata, the consuls held office for one year and each had power of veto over the other. | 61 | |
| 6765994858 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher (ca. 470-399 B.C.E.) who shifted the emphasis of philosophical investigation from questions of natural science to ethics and human behavior. | 62 | |
| 6765997177 | Plato | Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens | 63 | |
| 6765997178 | Aristotle | pupil of Plato who tutored Alexander the Great; argued for small units of government like the city-state | 64 | |
| 6765997179 | Stoicism | the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno -- emphasized reason as a means of understanding the natural state of things, or logos, and as a means of freeing oneself from emotional distress7 | 65 | |
| 6765999405 | Peloponnesian Wards | conflict between Athenian And Spartan Alliances. The war was largely a consequence of Athenian imperialism. Possession of a naval empire allowed Athens to fight a war of attrition. Ultimately, Sparta prevailed but both were weakened sufficient to be soon conquered by Macedonians. | 66 | |
| 6765999406 | Augustus Caesar | name given to Octavian following his defeat of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra; first emperor of Rome. | 67 | |
| 6766001536 | Persian Wars | conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. | 68 | |
| 6766001562 | Roman Republic | the period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. | 69 | |
| 6766004512 | Athens | a democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta. | 70 | |
| 6766006996 | Sparta | Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts. | 71 | |
| 6766006998 | Axum | the Christian state in Africa that developed its own branch of Christianity, Coptic Christianity, because it was cut off from other Christians due to a large Muslim presence in Africa. | 72 | |
| 6766008694 | Shintoism | an indigenous religion of Japan and the people of Japan. | 73 | |
| 6766011002 | Incan Empire | formed in present day Peru. Expanded out as far south as Chile and as far North as Ecuador. Best known for their enormous wealth. | 74 | |
| 6766011003 | Yellow Turbans | a 184 C.E. peasant revolt against emperor Ling of Han. Led by Daoists who proclaimed that a new era would begin with the fall of the Han. Although this specific revolt was suppressed, it triggered a continuous string of additional outbreaks. | 75 | |
| 6766013064 | Constantinople | city founded as the second capital of the Roman Empire; later became the capital of the Byzantine Empire. | 76 | |
| 6766015437 | Byzantine Empire | historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century until its downfall to the Ottomans in 1453. Famous for being a center of Orthodox Christianity and Greek-based culture | 77 | |
| 6766022173 | Bodhisattvas | enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment. | 78 | |
| 6766024821 | Jesus of Nazareth | a Jew from Galilee in northern Israel who sought to reform Jewish beliefs and practices. He was executed as a revolutionary by the Romans. He is the basis of the world's largest religion. | 79 | |
| 6766024823 | Maya | extensive Mesoamerican culture that made great advances in astronomy in areas such as their famous calendar. | 80 | |
| 6766024824 | Pope | the head of the Roman Catholic Church. | 81 | |
| 6766026788 | Islam | the religious faith of Muslims, based on the words and religious system founded by the prophet Muhammad and taught by the Koran, the basic principle of which is absolute submission to a unique and personal god, Allah. | 82 | |
| 6766026789 | Allah | Arabic word for God | 83 | |
| 6766030149 | Huns | large nomadic group from northern Asia who invaded territories extending from China to Eastern Europe. They virtually lived on their horses, herding cattle, sheep, and horses as well as hunting. | 84 | |
| 6766034269 | Justinian | emperor of the Byzantine empire. | 85 |
