Foundations, Classical, and Post Classical: Time Period: 2m to 1450 CE
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| 8398863434 | Big History | A combination of human history and cosmic history | 0 | |
| 8398863435 | Big Picture | Larger patterns of World History | 1 | |
| 8398863436 | Hominid | Homininae, family of human like creatures | 2 | |
| 8399039787 | bipeadism | The ability to walk right on two legs | 3 | |
| 8399039788 | Homo habilis | extinct species of upright east African hominid having some advanced humanlike characteristics. Made stone tools and ate meat | 4 | |
| 8399039789 | Homo erectus | Remains found in Eurasia; migrated out of Africa | 5 | |
| 8399039790 | Homo sapiens | Humankind; upstart primate whose entire history occurred in the few minutes on December 31st | 6 | |
| 8399039791 | Birthplace of Humankind | Africa | 7 | |
| 8414441007 | Paleolithic Era | Old Stone Age | 8 | |
| 8414441008 | Agricultural Revolution | a period in which humans began to grow crops instead of gathering plants | 9 | |
| 8414441009 | civilization | A complex, highly organized social order | 10 | |
| 8414441010 | 3500 BCE | When first cities and states began to emerge; after the beginning of agriculture | 11 | |
| 8414441011 | B.C.E | Before the Common Era | 12 | |
| 8414441012 | C.E | Common Era | 13 | |
| 8414441013 | B.C | Before Christ | 14 | |
| 8414441014 | A.D | Anno Domini, year of the lord; after the death of Christ | 15 | |
| 8414441015 | Patriarchy | a nearly universal system involving the subordination of femininity to masculinity | 16 | |
| 8414441016 | Paleolithic Art | The rock are of gathering and hunting people found in Africa, Europe, Australia and elsewhere | 17 | |
| 8414441017 | Gathering and Hunting | Foragers or food collectors rather than food producers | 18 | |
| 8414441018 | Human Revolution | Occurred in Africa, where culture is defined as learned or invented ways of living | 19 | |
| 8414441019 | Ice Age | When thick ice sheets covered much of the Northern Hemisphere | 20 | |
| 8414441020 | Global Dispersion | Members of our species (Homo sapiens) have migrated to every environmental niche on the planet | 21 | |
| 8414441021 | Land Bridges | An advantage from the Ice Age. Water froze, sea levels dropped and these were created | 22 | |
| 8414441022 | Bering Strait | land bridge -- Native Americans crossed this former land bridge from Asia to the Americas | 23 | |
| 8414441023 | Lascaux Cave | Place where most Paleolithic Art came from. Located in southern France | 24 | |
| 8414441024 | Venus of Willendorf | This Old Stone Age statuette exhibits exaggerated female features. Found in Eurasia | 25 | |
| 8414441025 | migration to Australia | Came from Indonesia and involved a human affair, the use of boats | 26 | |
| 8414441026 | Dreamtime | An elaborate and complex outlook on the world, and it recounted the beginning of time | 27 | |
| 8414441027 | Clovis Culture | The earliest widespread and distinctive culture of North America (pg 18) | 28 | |
| 8414441028 | Austronesian speaking people | Traced back to southern China, oceanic voyagers settled everywhere in the pacific basin | 29 | |
| 8414441029 | Paleolithic Societies | Small, consisted of bands of 25-50 people and stood in terms of kinship | 30 | |
| 8414441030 | life expectancy | Hunters and gatherers life expectancy was low, 35 years average, danger found in nature | 31 | |
| 8414441031 | Jomon Figurines | Created some of the world's first pottery, canoes, bowls, and etc from the wood | 32 | |
| 8414441032 | San people | indigenous hunter gather group in Southern Africa (Kalahari Desert). Participated in many sexual encounters. | 33 | |
| 8414441033 | Kalahari Desert | A desert in southwestern Africa - largely Botswana. Place where the San people resided | 34 | |
| 8414441034 | Statues of Ain Ghazal | Located in the modern state of Jordan | 35 | |
| 8414441035 | Domestication | Selective growing or breeding of plants and animals to make them more useful to humans. | 36 | |
| 8414441036 | Fertile Crescent | an arc-shaped region in Southwest Asia, with rich soil | 37 | |
| 8414441037 | Large Mammals | In many parts of the world, many large animals became extinct after the birth of humankind suggesting that humankind and climate are extinction factors | 38 | |
| 8414441038 | Teosinte | Wild processors of maize, corn | 39 | |
| 8414441039 | Global spread of Agriculture | Agriculture spread to adjacent areas eventually encompassing almost all the world's people. (Pg 28) | 40 | |
| 8414441040 | Chiefdoms | Centralized political systems with authority vested in formal, usually hereditary, offices or titles | 41 | |
| 8430414940 | Cahokia | An important agricultural chiefdom of North America that flourished around 1100 C.E. | 42 | |
| 8430414941 | Catalhuyuk | One of the first Neolithic villages (located in modern day Turkey) | 43 | |
| 8430414942 | Sumer city states | Located in southern Mesopotamia (located in present day Iraq) gave a rise to the world's earliest written language, which initially was used by officials to record the goods received by various temples. | 44 | |
| 8430414943 | Egypt civilization | Took shape as a unified territorial state in which cities were rather less prominent. | 45 | |
| 8430414944 | Nubian civilization | A separate civilization( from Egyptian civilizations) that was located farther south along the Nile | 46 | |
| 8430414945 | Norte Chico civilization | The place where 25 urban centers emerged from (located in the Caral, Supe River Valley,). They have many monumental architect: platforms, apartments, and other Urban parts of life. | 47 | |
| 8430414946 | Quipu | knotted cords of various lengths and colors used by the Inca to keep financial records | 48 | |
| 8430414947 | Indus River Valley | A valley and early civilization along the Indus River, one of the longest rivers in the world. | 49 | |
| 8430414948 | First Civilizations | 7 first civilizations emerged independently in locations scattered across the planet, all within a few thousands years, from 3500 to 1000 B.C.E | 50 | |
| 8430414949 | Xia Dynasty | 2070-1600 B.C.E, whose legendary monarch Wu organized flood control projects that mastered the waters and made them to flow in great channels. | 51 | |
| 8430414950 | Zhou Dynasty | 1046-771 B.C.E., substantially enlarged the Chinese state, erected lavish stone tombs for their rulers, and buried thousands of human sacrifice victims to accompany them to the next world. Also emerged a new political ideology known as the Son of Heaven | 52 | |
| 8430414951 | Olmec | 1200 B.C.E, based on an agricultural economy of maize, bean, and squash. Their cities emerged from a series of competing chiefdoms and became | 53 | |
| 8430414953 | Epic of Gilgamesh | Mesopotamian narrative poem that was first told in Sumer | 54 | |
| 8430414954 | Teotihuacan | "The Place of the Gods"; first planned city in the Americas in the Valley of Mexico | 55 | |
| 8430414956 | Reasons states were established | to continue kinships on a higher level, and to hold civilizations together despite tensions in their societies | 56 | |
| 8430414957 | Ziggurat | A rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians |  | 57 |
| 8430414958 | Cunieform | a system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols invented by the sumerians around 3000 B.C. | 58 | |
| 8430414959 | Hieroglyphics | An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds | 59 | |
| 8430414960 | Pictographs | the Indus River Valley people used this to represent sounds and words | 60 | |
| 8430414961 | Function of writing | communication, everyday use, and trade | 61 | |
| 8430414962 | Olmec Head | Giant stone heads from Olmec civilization that may have represented Olmecs living at the time. Dates back to the first millennium | 62 | |
| 8430414963 | Tigris and Euphrates | Two major rivers of Mesopotamia |  | 63 |
| 8430414964 | Nile River | The river in which early kingdoms in Egypt were centered around. | 64 | |
| 8430414965 | city-states | a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside | 65 | |
| 8430414966 | Phoenicians | people of Southwest Asia who began to trade around 1100 B.C. | 66 | |
| 8430414967 | Indo-Europeans | A group of nomadic peoples who may have come from the steppes | 67 | |
| 8430414968 | Asia Minor | the western Asian peninsula comprising most of modern-day Turkey, known to the Greeks as Anatolia | 68 | |
| 8430414969 | Palestine | A territory in the Middle East on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Disputed with Israel. | 69 | |
| 8430414970 | Minoan Civilization | a civilization that existed on the Mediterranean island of Crete | 70 | |
| 8430414971 | Chariot Technology | it provided a fearsome military potential that enabled various chariot driving people, like Hitties, to threaten ancient civilizations | 71 | |
| 8430414972 | Persia | 500 B.C.E, the largest and most impressive of the world's empire. located on the Iranian plateau | 72 | |
| 8430414973 | Ahura Mazda | Persian creator god, god of goodness and light | 73 | |
| 8430414974 | Hoplites | heavily armed foot soldiers | 74 | |
| 8430414975 | Sparta | a greek city-state known for its strength and trained warriors | 75 | |
| 8430414976 | Athens | a city-state in ancient Greece democracy the arts | 76 | |
| 8430414977 | Peloponnesian War | a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta | 77 | |
| 8430414978 | Alexander the Great | King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia | 78 | |
| 8430414980 | Punic Wars | a series of wars fought between Rome and Carthage for control of the Mediterranean | 79 | |
| 8430414981 | Republican Government | type of government in which power is exercised by representatives chosen by the people | 80 | |
| 8430414982 | Julius Caesar | Ambitious leader who brought order to Rome | 81 | |
| 8430414983 | Octavian Augustus | Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC. | 82 | |
| 8430414984 | Roman Empire | established by the emperor Octavian Augustus | 83 | |
| 8430414985 | Christianity | Used to support Roman rulw | 84 | |
| 8484711729 | queen Boudica | She led a revolt in 60-61 c.e, against the Celtic people of eastern Britain | 85 | |
| 8484712347 | Qin Shihuangdi | he succeeded in reunifying China | 86 | |
| 8484713088 | Qin Dynasty | -developed Bureaucracy -aristocracy -legalism -great populations -success in agriculture | 87 | |
| 8484713089 | Han Dynasty | Chinese dynasty that ruled for most of the period from 202 B.C. to A.D. 220 | 88 | |
| 8484713573 | Son of Heaven | Title of the ruler of China, first known from the Zhou dynasty. | 89 | |
| 8484713944 | Mandate of Heaven | the belief that the Chinese king's right to rule came from the gods | 90 | |
| 8485095230 | gunpowder revolution | the military advances that resulted from the development of gunpowder weaponry | 91 | |
| 8484714541 | Wudi | a Han emperor, who established an imperial academy for training officials for an emerging bureaucracy with curriculum based on Confucius | 92 | |
| 8484715503 | Trung Trac | One of 2 sisters that raised an army and briefly drove the Chinese from Vietnam. One of 2 sisters that raised an army and briefly drove the Chinese from Vietnam. | 93 | |
| 8484715859 | 220 C.E Han | Collaspe of the Han Dynasty | 94 | |
| 8484715871 | 476 C.E Rome | the collapse of the Roman empire | 95 | |
| 8484716500 | Xiongu | The nomadic people to the north of China. China built the Great Wall to keep them out. | 96 | |
| 8484716501 | Germans | they were a problem to the weakened Roman Empire, and their population made it worse. And they entered the empire in the 4th century | 97 | |
| 8484716957 | Different changes post Rome and Han | -a blended culture of Latin and German was created the foundation of the hybrid civilization in Western Europe -decline of Urban life | 98 | |
| 8484717160 | Mauryan Empire | the largest of India's short experiments with a large scale political system | 99 | |
| 8484718304 | Arthashastra | a famous treatise that articulated a pragmatic political philosophy for Mauryan rulers | 100 | |
| 8484718643 | Ashoka | of the Mauryan empire from 273 BC to 232 BC. A convert to Buddhism. | 101 | |
| 8484718644 | Gupta Empire | Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism | 102 | |
| 8484721043 | Confucius | A Chinese philosopher and teacher whose beliefs had a great influence on Chinese life | 103 | |
| 8484721044 | Analects | The book that Kong Fuzi wrote and that stresses the values and ideas of Confucianism. | 104 | |
| 8484721516 | Lessons for Women | Book written by Ban Zhao, that counseled women to serve men and advocated for education for women | 105 | |
| 8484721854 | Filial Piety | respect shown by children for their parents and elders | 106 | |
| 8484723632 | Daoism | a Chinese philosophy concerned with obtaining long life and living in harmony with nature | 107 | |
| 8484724006 | Sanskrit | (Hinduism) an ancient language of India (the language of the Vedas and of Hinduism) | 108 | |
| 8484724210 | Brahmins | The priest varna of the caste system. | 109 | |
| 8484724782 | Siddhartha Gautama | seen as the Buddha, the Enlightened One | 110 | |
| 8484922143 | Bhagavad Gita | A book in popular Hinduism that was a response to Buddhism and made reaching moksha way easier. | 111 | |
| 8484925774 | Zarathustra | Persian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism (circa 628-551 BC) | 112 | |
| 8484928912 | Ahura Mazda | God of Zoroastrianism | 113 | |
| 8484931638 | Hippocratic Oath | a set of promises about patient care that new doctors make when they start practicing medicine | 114 | |
| 8484932130 | Judaism | belief in a single God laid the foundation of both Christianity and Islam | 115 | |
| 8484933870 | Metta | In Buddhist terminology, loving-kindness | 116 | |
| 8484943069 | Zoroastrian vanishes in Persia | involved effects in Buddhism and Judaism | 117 | |
| 8484963481 | Wang Mang reforms and assassination | led to this due to: -Opposition from wealthy landowners -nomadic invasions -poor harvest -floods -famine | 118 | |
| 8484972733 | Indian caste system | Everyone is born into a caste for life, which determined your job and who you can socialize with | 119 | |
| 8484973235 | varna hierarchy | four ranked classes | 120 | |
| 8484975250 | Dharma | the fulfillment of one's social and religious duties in Hinduism | 121 | |
| 8484975851 | ostracism | deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups | 122 | |
| 8484976705 | Hammurabi's code | A set of 282 laws governing daily life in Babylon; the earliest known collection of written laws | 123 | |
| 8484980232 | Latifundia | Huge estates bought up by newly wealthy Roman citizens | 124 | |
| 8484995556 | Spartacus Rebellion | a slave gladiator named Spartacus led 70 other slaves from gladiator school to bid for freedom | 125 | |
| 8485003077 | Ban Zhou | Lessons for Women, advocated for education available to all children | 126 | |
| 8485006336 | jatis | subcastes | 127 | |
| 8485007024 | dowry | money or property brought by a woman to her husband at marriage | 128 | |
| 8485007732 | empress wu | Empress of China during the Tang dynasty, she ruled ruthlessly and brought prosperity to China | 129 | |
| 8485010536 | Griots | a west African storyteller | 130 | |
| 8485019062 | Olmec | Mesoamerica's first known civilization builders | 131 | |
| 8485019720 | Mayan | the language spoken by the Maya people | 132 | |
| 8485020654 | Moche | Culture that flourished along the northern coast of Peru from around A.D. 100 to A.D. 700 | 133 | |
| 8485031313 | nazca | South American civilization famous for its massive aerial-viewable formations | 134 | |
| 8485032732 | kivas | underground ceremonial chambers | 135 | |
| 8485036288 | Corn based agriculture | maize | 136 | |
| 8485037549 | silk roads | Ancient trade routes that extended from the Roman empire in the west to China in the east. | 137 | |
| 8485039000 | malay peninsula | a peninsula in southeastern Asia occupied by parts of Malaysia and Thailand and Myanmar | 138 | |
| 8485040681 | inca roads | included bridges, causeways, stairways, large and small rest stations | 139 | |
| 8485042578 | ibn battuta | Muslim who traveled the Muslim world in Africa, and recorded his journeys | 140 | |
| 8485045446 | sui dynasty | brought China together. Rules 30 years, build Grand Canal (dynasty) | 141 | |
| 8485047535 | hangzhou | capital of song dynasty | 142 | |
| 8485048588 | Tang Dynasty | the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907 | 143 | |
| 8485049506 | song dynasty | the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy | 144 | |
| 8485050256 | tribute system | A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. | 145 | |
| 8485076519 | trung sisters | Two Vietnamese sisters who launched a major revolt against the Chinese presence in Vietnam in 39ce. | 146 | |
| 8485077550 | The Tale of Genji | A Japanese literary masterpiece about court life written by Lady Murasaki | 147 | |
| 8485092718 | The Pillow Book | book written by Sei Shonagon; talked about court life | 148 | |
| 8485101036 | Asian Buddism | spread of Buddism from india to asia to provide a measure of cultural / religious commonality across the vast region | 149 | |
| 8485108830 | Buddhist monasteries | religious communities where Buddha's followers stayed, studied, and meditated | 150 | |
| 8485111428 | charlemagne | King of the Franks who conquered much of Western Europe, great patron of literature and learning | 151 | |
| 8485112748 | constantinople | A place previously known as Byzantium which became the capitol of the Roman Empire or "new Rome" | 152 | |
| 8485114107 | justinian | Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians | 153 | |
| 8485114794 | orthodox church | the church that followed the Eastern traditions of Christianity as opposed to the Western traditions | 154 | |
| 8485116500 | cyril and methodius | brothers and christian missionaries; used slavic language to convert moravians to christianity | 155 | |
| 8485118672 | third rome | Russian claim to be the successor of the Roman and Byzantine empires | 156 | |
| 8485119694 | mecca | the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace | 157 | |
| 8485124801 | pillars of islam | the five duties of a Muslim, Faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage | 158 | |
| 8485129650 | umma | the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan | 159 | |
| 8485131583 | people of the book | what Muslims called Christians and Jews which means that they too only believe in one god | 160 | |
| 8485148918 | sunni muslim | Majority of the Muslims; believe succesor of Muhhamad can be an elected caliph. | 161 | |
| 8485148919 | shia muslim | 162 | ||
| 8485151396 | kaaba | The most sacred temple of Islam, located at Mecca | 163 | |
| 8485151397 | ulama | The theologians and legal experts of Islam. Best known as the arbiters of sharia law. | 164 | |
| 8485152931 | imams | Shi'a religious leaders who traced their descent to Ali's successors. | 165 | |
| 8485157416 | xiongnu | A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China. | 166 | |
| 8485158138 | bedouin | a nomadic Arab who lives in the Arabian, Syrian, or North African deserts | 167 | |
| 8485159059 | kaghan | Supreme ruler of a Turkic nomadic confederation. | 168 | |
| 8485159891 | al-Razi | greatest physician of the Muslim world | 169 | |
| 8485161074 | ibn sina | A Persian doctor that showed how diseases spread from one person to another. | 170 | |
| 8485161756 | mongol empire | The largest unified land empire in history which was created by Genghis Khan and his successors. | 171 | |
| 8485163558 | marco polo | Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324) | 172 | |
| 8485165820 | khubilai khan | grandson of chinggis khan who ruled china from 1271 to 1294 | 173 | |
| 8485167654 | Chinggis khan | did not establish a centralized government in the lands he conquered. | 174 |
