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| 2530498331 | Neolithic Revolution | A period when humans first started to learn to plant crops and domesticate animals for their food, instead of hunting and gathering | 0 | |
| 2530500982 | Patriarchy | A form of social organization in which males dominate females | 1 | |
| 2530503016 | Pastoralism | A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter. | 2 | |
| 2530504910 | Mesopotamia | "land between the rivers"; fertile crescent | 3 | |
| 2530508288 | Labor Specialization | division of jobs and skills in a society | 4 | |
| 2530512864 | Metallurgy | the science of working with metals | 5 | |
| 2530514482 | Civilization | A society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes | 6 | |
| 2530517590 | Bureaucracy | A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials | 7 | |
| 2530525757 | Egypt | Civilization centered on the Nile River | 8 | |
| 2530526675 | Mohenjo-Daro | Indus Valley city laid out in a grid pattern. Had a complex irrigation and sewer system. | 9 | |
| 2530527875 | Harappa | A large ancient city of the Indus civilization, created in present-day Pakistan. | 10 | |
| 2530529239 | Shang | (1766-1122 BCE) First Chinese civilization. Developed along Huange He (Yellow) River. Advancements include pictographic writing system and bronze metallurgy. Declined when overpowered by the Zhou | 11 | |
| 2530534779 | Olmecs | (1400 B.C.E. to 500 B.C.E.) earliest known Mexican civilization,lived in rainforests along the Gulf of Mexico, developed calendar and constructed public buildings and temples, carried on trade with other groups. | 12 | |
| 2530536256 | Chavin | A pre-Incan South American civilization developed in Peru; famous for their style of architecture and drainage systems to protect from floods. | 13 | |
| 2530538963 | State | A body of people living in a defined territory who have a government with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority | 14 | |
| 2530540218 | Hittites | 1st to make use of iron, conquered babylon, legal code was payment not punishment | 15 | |
| 2530543879 | Compound Bows | wooden bows reinforced with pieces of bone for added power that Indo-Europeans armed themselves with | 16 | |
| 2530547462 | Chariot | A wheeled, horse-drawn cart used in battle | 17 | |
| 2530549527 | Ziggurat | A massive stepped tower on which was built a temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess of a Sumerian city | 18 | |
| 2530551017 | Pyramid | Huge, triangular shaped burial tombs of Egyptian pharaohs built during the Old Kingdom | 19 | |
| 2530556510 | Cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. | 20 | |
| 2530558466 | Hieroglyphs | Ancient Egyptian writing system; literally, "sacred carvings"—so named because the Greeks saw them prominently displayed in Egyptian temples. | 21 | |
| 2530560214 | Quipu | An arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information. | 22 | |
| 2530561807 | Code of Hammurabi | 1st written code of law | 23 | |
| 2530563502 | Vedic Religion | polytheistic religion named after sacred texts or the vedas. its roots were in India around 1500 B.C.E. and it was also known as Hinduism | 24 | |
| 2530570385 | Judaism | A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament. | 25 | |
| 2530570386 | Zoroastrianism | A religion that developed in early Persia and stressed the fight between the forces of good and the forces of evil and how eventually the forces of good would prevail. | 26 | |
| 2530574453 | Epic of Gilgamesh | A famous poem that describes ancient Sumerian life. It is also called the "oldest story in the world" | 27 | |
| 2530577363 | Diaspora | Describes forceful or voluntary dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place | 28 | |
| 2530579423 | Sanskrit Scriptures | Formed the basics of the Vedic religions | 29 | |
| 2530582666 | Hinduism | A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms | 30 | |
| 2530591476 | Caste System | A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life | 31 | |
| 2530592493 | Brahma | A single spiritual power that Hindus believe lives in everything | 32 | |
| 2530593927 | Reincarnation | In Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding | 33 | |
| 2530595555 | Buddha | "awakened one." Siddhartha Gautama and all others who have experienced enlightenment but, motivated by compassion, stop short of entering nirvana so as to help others achieve it. | 34 | |
| 2530597318 | Ashoka | A ruler of the Mauryan Empire who converted to Buddhism | 35 | |
| 2530599302 | Confucianism | Chinese philosophy that promoted social harmony by outlining proper rituals and social relationships for all people. | 36 | |
| 2530605194 | Daoism | Chinese philosophy that sought balance between humans and nature | 37 | |
| 2530608538 | Christianity | Religion based on the teachings and divinity of Jesus of Nazareth | 38 | |
| 2530611219 | Constantine | Roman emperor who converted to Christianity | 39 | |
| 2530614063 | Monastic Life | a life dedicated to prayer, work, study, and the needs of society | 40 | |
| 2530615738 | Shamanism | Any ethnic religion in which a community follows its religious leader, healer, and truth knower. | 41 | |
| 2530620310 | Filial Piety | In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors | 42 | |
| 2530621855 | Ancestor Veneration | The practice of praying to your ancestors. Found especially in China. | 43 | |
| 2530623395 | Animism | Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life. | 44 | |
| 2530664050 | Achaemenid | 558- 333B.C.E, first Persian Empire, founded by Cyrus who capitalized on weakening Syrian and Babylonian empires. Peak was under Darius | 45 | |
| 2530665275 | Parthian | Persian dynasty. Based in Iran and extended to Mesopotamia. Had very heavy calvary (horses and armored troops). Government followed the example of the Achaemenid administration. | 46 | |
| 2530666783 | Sassanid | Last pre-Islamic Persian empire | 47 | |
| 2530668753 | Zhou | (1050BC-400BC) Longest dynasty in Chinese history. Established a new political order with king at the highest level, then lords and warriors and then peasants. | 48 | |
| 2530671136 | Qin | (221-207 BCE) The first centralized dynasty of China that used Legalism as its base of belief. | 49 | |
| 2530671137 | Han | (202 BCE-220 CE) This dynasty continued the centralization of the Qin Dynasty, but focused on Confucianism and education instead of Legalism. | 50 | |
| 2530674458 | Maurya | (321-185 BCE) This was the first centralized empire of India | 51 | |
| 2530676227 | Gupta | (320-550 CE) The decentralized empire that emerged after the Mauryan Empire | 52 | |
| 2530677660 | Phoenicia | A maritime civilization of the Mediterranean that developed extensive trade and communication networks as well as an early alphabetical script (1500 B.C.E). | 53 | |
| 2530678700 | Greek City-States | This Empire was divided geographically. These areas despised each other except during wars and only had 2 things in common: language and religion. They were not conquerors but colonizers and was ruled by the Council of Elders. Slaves were primarily used. | 54 | |
| 2530683771 | Hellenistic | A cultural blend, under Alexander's policies, of Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian. Koine was the popular spoken language used in these cities. | 55 | |
| 2530685291 | Roman Empire | Existed from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquiered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity. | 56 | |
| 2530686715 | Teotihuacan | A powerful city-state in central Mexico (100-75 C.E.). Its population was about 150,000 at its peak in 600. | 57 | |
| 2530688334 | Maya City-States | emerged in Southern Mexico and Central America, extended over broad region; featured monumental architecture, written language, calenderical and mathemathical systems; highly developed religion. | 58 | |
| 2530692177 | Moche | A civilization that lasted from 100 to 700, it was located along the Peruvian coast. They were masters of metal working and irrigation, but never developed a written language. | 59 | |
| 2530695998 | Diplomacy | Negotiation between nations | 60 | |
| 2530698586 | Constantinople | A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul | 61 | |
| 2530701179 | Deforestation | Destruction of forests | 62 | |
| 2530701180 | Desertification | Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. | 63 | |
| 2530705164 | Silk Roads | A system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods. | 64 | |
| 2530706944 | Trans-Saharan Caravan Routes | Trading network linking North Africa and the Gold empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai | 65 | |
| 2530709902 | Indian Ocean Sea Lanes | Connected southeast China to Africa, mostly traveled in 3 legs: 1) southeast China to southeast Asia 2) to the eastern coast of India 3) the western coast of India to the Red Sea and East coast of Africa | 66 | |
| 2530711335 | Mediterranean Sea Lanes | Trade routes that connected Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa | 67 | |
| 2530714380 | Yoke | stable gear that joins two draft animals at the neck so they can work together as a team | 68 | |
| 2530717688 | Lateen Sail | Triangular sail that was developed in Indian Ocean trade that allowed a ship to sail against the wind. | 69 | |
| 2530717689 | Dhow ships | A traditional Arab sailing vessel with one or more lateen sails. It is primarily used to carry heavy items, like fruit, along the coasts of the Indian Ocean. | 70 | |
| 2530719937 | Qanat System | a traditional system of gravity-fed irrigation that uses gently sloping tunnels to capture groundwater and direct it to low-lying fields | 71 | |
| 2544677010 | Timbuktu | Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning | 72 | |
| 2544681649 | Baghdad | Abbasid capital | 73 | |
| 2544685619 | Venice | An Italian town along with Pisa and Genoa that controlled the Mediterranean trade after A.D. 1200, bringing silks and spices from Asia to Europe. | 74 | |
| 2544687535 | Tenochtitlan | Aztec capital | 75 | |
| 2544688771 | Swahili city-states | On coast of E. Africa, initially dominated Indian Ocean trade | 76 | |
| 2544692343 | compass | navigation tool developed by the Chinese | 77 | |
| 2544698207 | astrolabe | navigation tool that uses stars to determine latitude and longitude | 78 | |
| 2544700687 | Porcelain | a thin, beautiful pottery invented in China | 79 | |
| 2544705069 | Caravanserai | inn or rest station for caravans | 80 | |
| 2544706438 | Bills of exchange | Credit slips that British manufacturers, West Indian planters, and American merchants used in the eighteenth century in place of currency to settle transactions. | 81 | |
| 2544706439 | Credit | An arrangement to receive cash, goods, or services now and pay for them in the future. | 82 | |
| 2544707191 | Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. | 83 | |
| 2544708781 | Hanseatic League | An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century. | 84 | |
| 2544710243 | Caliphate | The political-religious state comprising the Muslim community and the lands and the peoples under its dominion during the centuries after Muhammad's death. | 85 | |
| 2544711848 | Mongols | After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. | 86 | |
| 2544714990 | Vikings | Came from Scandanavia, also called Northmen or Norsemen, and Danes. Sea warriors, they built amazing ships that held 300 warriors, could hold 30 tons. Raided villages and monastaries. Also traded and farmed. Journeyed to Russia and Constantinople. Gradually accepted Christianity. | 87 | |
| 2544720253 | Bantu Migrations | Movement of people across sub-saharan Africa, taking their language and iron technologies. | 88 | |
| 2544724093 | Polynesia | Islands contained in a rough triangle with points in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island | 89 | |
| 2544727322 | Muhammad | Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam. | 90 | |
| 2544728642 | Diasporic Communities | immigrants who have relocated from their ancestral homelands and retain their distinct cultural identities as ethnic minority groups in their new host countries | 91 | |
| 2544729685 | Ibn Battuta | Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. (p. 373) | 92 | |
| 2544729686 | Marco Polo | (1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period. | 93 | |
| 2544731895 | Neoconfucianism | term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism | 94 | |
| 2544735088 | Black Death | A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351 | 95 | |
| 2544736949 | Tributary System | A system in which, from the time of the Han Empire, countries in East and Southeast Asia not under the direct control of empires based in China acknowledging the superiority of the emperors in China. | 96 | |
| 2544740169 | Abbasids | A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250; moved capital to Baghdad, secular research, house of wisdom | 97 | |
| 2544741844 | Khanates | Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan. | 98 | |
| 2544742869 | Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land | 99 | |
| 2544745320 | Crusades | 1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade | 100 | |
| 2544747335 | Champa Rice | Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season, started in India then sent to China | 101 | |
| 2544748492 | Chinampa Field | a method of ancient Mesoamerican agriculture which used small, rectangle-shaped areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico | 102 | |
| 2544752344 | Little Ice Age | A century-long period of cool climate that began in the 1590s. Its ill effects on agriculture in northern Europe were notable. | 103 | |
| 2544757779 | mit'a | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control. | 104 | |
| 2566654975 | Islam | Religion founded by Muhammad in 622 CE | 105 | |
| 2566658088 | Caravel | A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. | 106 | |
| 2566660268 | Zheng He | (1371-1433?) Chinese naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of Asia, Japan, and half way down the east coast of Africa before his death. | 107 | |
| 2566666733 | Mercantilism | An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought | 108 | |
| 2566669573 | Columbian Exchange | An exchange of goods, ideas and skills from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa. | 109 | |
| 2566671570 | Cash Crops | crops, such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton, raised in large quantities in order to be sold for profit | 110 | |
| 2566674243 | Soil depletion | The process by which soil gradually becomes so lacking or depleted in nutrients that it can no longer grow a crop | 111 | |
| 2566675519 | Sunni | The majority branch of Islam which tells that successors to Muhammad are to be chosen by the Muslim community. | 112 | |
| 2566678366 | Shi'a | a Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammed's son-in-law Ali as the true rulers of Islam | 113 | |
| 2566679123 | Sufi | A Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means | 114 | |
| 2566679739 | Diffusion | Movement of culture through areas other than its origin | 115 | |
| 2566681735 | Reformation | A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 116 | |
| 2566682728 | Buddhism | A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha. | 117 | |
| 2566684324 | Syncretism | A blending of two or more religious traditions | 118 | |
| 2566684925 | Vodun | African religious ideas and practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti. | 119 | |
| 2566685535 | Sikhism | A belief system which blends Hindu traditions with Islamic monotheistic traditions. Based in India and Pakistan. | 120 | |
| 2566686219 | Renaissance | started by creativity and art in Italy, it means revival of art and learning | 121 | |
| 2566687445 | Shakespeare | A popular English playwright and poet in the 16th century. | 122 | |
| 2566687876 | Cervantes | Author of Don Quixote | 123 | |
| 2566688887 | Sundiata | Mali's first great leader, came to power after crushing a cruel, unpopular leader. | 124 | |
| 2566691547 | Slavery | A system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by other people. | 125 | |
| 2566691555 | Chattel Slavery | concept of believing that slaves were merely objects, not humans | 126 | |
| 2566693864 | Indentured Servant | Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years | 127 | |
| 2566694414 | Encomienda | A grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitant.. | 128 | |
| 2566695982 | Hacienda | Spanish colonists formed large, self-sufficient farming estates known as these. | 129 | |
| 2566697236 | Manchus | Federation of Northeast Asian peoples who founded the Qing Empire. (p. 556) | 130 | |
| 2566697966 | Creole | American born descendants of Europeans | 131 | |
| 2566698680 | Daimyo | A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai | 132 | |
| 2566699495 | Mestizo | A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry | 133 | |
| 2566699496 | Mulatto | A person of mixed African and European ancestry | 134 | |
| 2566701155 | Divine Right | Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god. | 135 | |
| 2566701156 | Safavid | The shi'ite muslim dynasty that ruled in persia between the 16th and 18th centuries | 136 | |
| 2566701745 | Mughals | muslim rulers over india, combined Hindu and Muslim | 137 | |
| 2566705855 | Piracy | Act of robbery on the high seas | 138 | |
| 2566706595 | Thirty Years War | (1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a battle between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire. | 139 | |
| 2567828339 | Industrialization | Caused a shift from an economy based on farming to an economy based on manufacturing by machines in factories | 140 | |
| 2567829124 | Urbanization | An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. | 141 | |
| 2567829948 | Capital | The resources needed to operate a business-money | 142 | |
| 2567834879 | Adam Smith | "wealth of nations" advocated the idea of laissez faire; or government not involving themselves in the economy. | 143 | |
| 2567835828 | John Stuart Mill | British philosopher who contributed to the ideas of liberalism | 144 | |
| 2567843570 | Capitalism | An economic system based on private property and free enterprise. | 145 | |
| 2567844268 | Utopian Socialism | Community works as a whole to strive for a common good; no self interest and everyone gets what they need. Profit is viewed as evil. | 146 | |
| 2567845038 | Marxism | A branch of socialism that emphasizes exploitation and class struggle and includes both communism and other approaches. | 147 | |
| 2567845827 | Anarchism | A political theory favoring the abolition of governments | 148 | |
| 2567846888 | Meiji Japan | Period when Japan began modernizing and embracing western culture | 149 | |
| 2567851061 | Suffrage | Right to vote | 150 | |
| 2567853922 | Opium Wars | War between Great Britain and China, began as a conflict over the trade of a specific good, ended with the Chinese treaty to the British- the opening of 5 chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges | 151 | |
| 2567857327 | Social Darwinism | A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background. | 152 | |
| 2567858982 | Imperialism | A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically. | 153 | |
| 2567861603 | Enlightenment | 18th century movement led by French intellectuals who advocated reason as the universal source of knowledge and truth | 154 | |
| 2567862564 | Voltaire | (1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church. | 155 | |
| 2567863325 | Rousseau | "man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains" in 1762 explained political philosophy in The Social Contract | 156 | |
| 2567865360 | Locke | (English) Wrote Two Treatises of Government. Said human nature lived free and had the natural rights of life, liberty, and property. He said government was created in order to protect these rights and if the government failed to do so it was the duty of the people to rebel. | 157 | |
| 2567866736 | Montesquieu | "The Spirit of the Laws"; tried to use scientific method to find natural laws that govern the social and political relationships of human beings; identified 3 types of governments: republics, despotism, and monarchies; invented separation of powers | 158 | |
| 2567869245 | American Declaration of Independence | A statement of the of the reasons for the American colonies' break with Britain approved by the Second Continental Congress in 1776 | 159 | |
| 2567869986 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution. | 160 | |
| 2567869987 | Jamaica Letter | Written by Simone Bolivar, in this letter he argues that liberty should come to Latin America but before true freedom can be experienced, there should be a period of transition in which a dictator should rule. | 161 | |
| 2567870706 | Serfdom | In a feudal system, the use of serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions | 162 | |
| 2567873783 | American Revolution | fought by the 13 colonies to gain freedom from Great Britain | 163 | |
| 2567875797 | French Revolution | 1789 overthrow of Monarchy (off with his head!) led to Napoleon takeover | 164 | |
| 2567878345 | Haitian Revolution | Slave uprising, led by Toussaint L'Oeveture.Led to the establishment of first republic ruled by people of African descent. | 165 | |
| 2567882519 | Indian Revolt of 1857 (Sepoy) | Revolt of Indian soldiers against British officers when they were required to use greased cartridges they suspected were being used to pollute them and cause them to convert to Christianity; the revolt spread across north India | 166 | |
| 2567884148 | Boxer Rebellion | 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops | 167 | |
| 2567885335 | Taiping Rebellion | (1850-1864) A revolt by the people of China against the ruling Manchu Dynasty because of their failure to deal effectively with the opium problem and the interference of foreigners. | 168 | |
| 2567886383 | Ghost Dance | Ritual that celebrated a hoped for day of reckoning when settlers would disappear, buffalo would return, and Natives would reunite with ancestors | 169 | |
| 2567888917 | Liberalism | A political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, representative government, and the protection of private property. This ideology, derived from the Enlightenment, was especially popular among the property-owning middle classes. | 170 | |
| 2567891225 | Socialism | A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production. | 171 | |
| 2567891837 | Communism | A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. | 172 | |
| 2567894509 | Seneca Falls Conference | the first major meeting to discuss equal rights for women in the US, wrote Declaration of Sentiments-drafted after the Declaration of Independence, laid out womens' demands. Reactions: some women felt empowered, others were very critical | 173 | |
| 2567896328 | Migration | A movement from one country or region to another | 174 | |
| 2567899363 | Theory of Relativity | (physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts | 175 | |
| 2567899364 | Quantum Mechanics | Study of physics at the atomic level where energy is quantized in discrete, rather than continuous, levels. | 176 | |
| 2567900151 | Big Bang Theory | (cosmology) the theory that the universe originated 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small mass of matter at extremely high density and temperature | 177 | |
| 2567900152 | Green Revolution | Agricultural revolution that increased production through improved seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation; helped to support rising Asian populations. | 178 | |
| 2567900848 | Antibiotics | Drugs that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria | 179 | |
| 2567902315 | Global Warming | An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes) | 180 | |
| 2567902316 | Malaria | A disease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood. | 181 | |
| 2567915964 | Cholera | An acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food | 182 | |
| 2567917271 | Ebola | A contagious viral disease originating in Africa. It is transmitted by blood and body fluids and causes body organs and vessels to leak blood, usually resulting in death. | 183 | |
| 2567918044 | Diabetes | A condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin, the hormone required for the metabolism of sugar | 184 | |
| 2567919569 | Trench Warfare | A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield. | 185 | |
| 2567920386 | Firebombing | A bombing technique that destroys a target through the use of fire; instead of a large blast from bombs incendiary devices are used to cause damage. One of many techniques used during WW2 to cause mass murder and destruction | 186 | |
| 2567921110 | Nanjing | AKA Nanking, site of a massacre of Chinese civilians and children at the hands of the Japanese, 1937. | 187 | |
| 2567922054 | Hiroshima | City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II. (p. 797) | 188 | |
| 2567924034 | Mohandas Gandhi | Great leader from India who used non-violence to protest for independence, gender equity, and peaceful conflict resolution | 189 | |
| 2567924924 | Ho Chi Minh | Vietnamese revolutionary leader | 190 | |
| 2567929055 | Pan-Arabism | A movement that calls for unification among the peoples and countries of the Arab World, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts that the Arabs constitute a single nation. | 191 | |
| 2567929931 | Pan-Africanism | A movement that stressed unity among all Africans | 192 | |
| 2567931141 | Zionism | A movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine | 193 | |
| 2567933423 | Holocaust | A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. | 194 | |
| 2567934483 | Total War | A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields. | 195 | |
| 2567934484 | Fascism | A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition | 196 | |
| 2567935201 | Nationalism | A feeling of intense pride in one's homeland. | 197 | |
| 2567938398 | Warsaw Pact | An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO | 198 | |
| 2567939109 | NATO | Alliance of the allied powers against the Soviets | 199 | |
| 2567940748 | Gandhi | This was a leader of the Indian independence movement in mid-20th century known for his nonviolent protests. | 200 | |
| 2567940749 | Martin Luther King | U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964) | 201 | |
| 2567941537 | Vladimir Lenin | Founder of the Russian Communist Party, this man led the November Revolution in 1917 which established a revolutionary soviet government based on a union of workers, peasants, and soldiers. | 202 | |
| 2567942701 | Mao Zedong | China Communist leader: built Their People's Liberation Army to take over China and began to build a socialist society. He collectivized all private farmland and nationalized most industry and commerce. | 203 | |
| 2567944688 | Apartheid | A South African policy of complete legal separation of the races, including the banning of all social contacts between blacks and whites. | 204 | |
| 2567946657 | Tienanmen Square Protests | student protests against China's political leadership; China declared martial law and sent 300,000 troops to fire on protesters | 205 | |
| 2567948042 | IRA | Irish terrorist organization | 206 | |
| 2567950026 | Al-Qaeda | A network of Islamic terrorist organizations, led by Osama bin Laden, that carried out the attacks on the US embassies in Tanzania and Kenya in 1998, the USS Cole in Yemen in 2000, and the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001 | 207 | |
| 2567951850 | Five-Year Plans | Plans that Joseph Stalin introduced to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly, beginning in 1928. They set goals for the output of steel, electricity, machinery, and most other products and were enforced by the police powers of the state. | 208 | |
| 2567951851 | Great Leap Forward | 1957-1962, Mao tried unsuccessfully to rapidly increase China's industrial and agricultural production | 209 | |
| 2567953493 | New Deal | A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression. | 210 | |
| 2567967231 | League of Nations | A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946. | 211 | |
| 2567968331 | United Nations | An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation. | 212 | |
| 2567969636 | International Criminal Court | A permanent tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity | 213 | |
| 2567970895 | World Trade Organizaton | Administers the rules governing trade between its 144 members. Helps producers, importers, and exporters conduct their business and ensure that trade flows smoothly. | 214 | |
| 2567971794 | Red Cross | An international organization dedicated to the medical care of the sick or wounded in wars and natural disasters | 215 | |
| 2567971795 | European Union | An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members | 216 | |
| 2567973967 | Multinational corporation | large business that operates in many countries | 217 | |
| 2567974720 | Greenpeace | an international organization that works for environmental conservation and the preservation of endangered species | 218 | |
| 2567978104 | Bollywood | Indian version of Hollywood (film industry), centered in Mumbai (formerly Bombay) | 219 |
