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| 6778385522 | Ethiopia | coptic, mix of christian and african traditions | 0 | |
| 6778387078 | Madagascar | known for harvesting bananas | 1 | |
| 6778388480 | Kingdom of Ghana | animist, Islam not official religion; first great trade state in W Africa (ore, gold, and slaves in exchange for N African Salt); monarchy based on military power; trade across Sahara with camels | 2 | |
| 6778396961 | Camels | "fleets of the desert" | 3 | |
| 6778397948 | Kingdom of Mali | centralized govt founded by Sundiata Keita; wealthy capital Timbuktu had Muslim influence (mosques, Madrassas [universities of Islam]); Mansa Musa organized huge hajj; Timbuktu got wealthy thru gold and salt trade | 4 | |
| 6778408955 | Zimbabwe | first major kingdom in Southern Africa; trade w Muslim merchants on Indian Ocean; large stone buildings;grasslands; capital=Great Zimbabwe; traded gold, diamonds, copper | 5 | |
| 6778416102 | Nile Societies | Kush adopted Egyptian culture - polytheistic, hieroglyphics/demotic; architecture, patriarchal, women are not suppressed | 6 | |
| 6778427208 | Kingdom of Songhai | S of Niger River, grew into regional kindgoms; under leadership of Sunni Ali, gained control of w africa by conquering Timbuktu and Jenne in 1464 | 7 | |
| 6778438623 | Kingdom of Kongo/Congo | Bantu culture, organized in confederacy of small city-states, common currency, centralized, became Islamic | 8 | |
| 6778440358 | Bantu Migration | Bantu tribes migrated across S Africa, spread agri (slash and burn), ironworking, LANGUAGE, culture, sheep, cattle, goats; traded with Arabs, resulting in Swahili city-states for Indian Ocean trade | 9 | |
| 6778447887 | Spread of Islam | to n africa thru first caliphate, w africa thru Barbar tribes; converts in w africa ruled kingdoms like Mali who used Islam to increase their authority; conversion=gradual; w african kingdoms became more connected to outside world thru trade during Hajj | 10 | |
| 6778466580 | Trans - Saharan Trade Routes | trans saharan trade in gold and salt made w african kingdoms of ghana, mali, songhai rich; gold, salt, slave traded=controlled by w africa; resulted in construction of centers of learning; Sahel=port city | 11 | |
| 6778474501 | East African Swahili City-States | 8th century - Muslim traders settled in ports along e african coast, resulted in string of city-state trading posts | 12 | |
| 6778479008 | Sub Saharan Africa | tribes of clans, patriarchal, matrilineal (traced lineage by mother), animistic, oral tradition | 13 |
