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| 10562895482 | Atlantic System | The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin. | 0 | |
| 10562899319 | Aztec Empire | Nomadic tribe that used political anarchy after fall of Toltecs. It was a Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the fifteenth century during the reigns of Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I. | 1 | |
| 10562908011 | Colonies | lands that are controlled by another nation. Sometimes formed when a group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation. | 2 | |
| 10562908012 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | 3 | |
| 10562913394 | Conquistadors | Spanish conquerors who were sent to conquer new world | 4 | |
| 10562916884 | Counter Reformation | The Catholic church's response to the Protestant Reformation in which it tried to reform. | 5 | |
| 10562919058 | Holy Roman Empire | A medieval and early modern central European Germanic empire, which often consisted of hundreds of separate Germanic and Northern Italian states. In reality it was so decentralized that it played a role in perpetuating the fragmentation of central Europe. It lasted from 962 to 1806. Somewhat modeled after Ancient Rome. | 6 | |
| 10562921490 | Inca Empire | The Western Hemisphere's largest imperial state in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries; built by a relatively small community of Quechua-speaking people (the Inca), the empire stretched some 2,500 miles along the Andes Mountains, and contained perhaps 10 million subjects. Known for their complex road system and their way of keeping records through knotted strings called quipu. Eventually conquered by Francisco Pizarro. | 7 | |
| 10562923651 | Jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. | 8 | |
| 10562926387 | Mestizos | A person of mixed Native American and European ancestry. Often took part in forced labor. | 9 | |
| 10562959873 | Mughal Empire | an Islamic imperial power that ruled a large portion of Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, invaded and ruled most of Hindustan (South Asia) by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and ended in the mid-19th century. | 10 | |
| 10562961736 | New World | the name given by Europeans to the Americas, which were unknown to most Europeans before the voyages of Christopher Columbus | 11 | |
| 10562964982 | Protestant Reformation | Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. It split the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the 'protesters' forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anglican Churches, among many others. | 12 | |
| 10562964983 | Absolute Monarchy | A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power. Developed during rise of nation-states in Western Europe during the 17th century. Featured monarchs who passed laws without parliaments appointed professionalized armies and bureaucracies, established state churches, imposed state economies policies. Louis XIV from France is a famous example of King with absolute power. | 13 | |
| 10562967698 | Bullion | Gold and silver in bulk before coining or valued. Sometimes found in the form of bars. | 14 | |
| 10562967699 | Canton System | a system to control foreign trade which confined all trading to the port of Canton. It was a way for China to control trade in the West. Limited cultural diffusion. | 15 | |
| 10562969966 | Chartered Companies | Groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies. | 16 | |
| 10562969967 | Enclosure | The legal process in England of enclosing a number of small landholdings to create one larger farm. Contributed to a population shift toward the cities and a rise in agricultural productivity. | 17 | |
| 10562972024 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; defeated Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 & halted Mongol advance. The Mamluks were originally slave boys of the Abbasid caliphs of the Islamic Empire (the word "mamluk" just means "slave"). Starting around 850 AD, the Abbasid caliphs captured or bought young boys who were not Muslims as slaves and brought them up to be Sunni Muslim soldiers in a slave army. | 18 | |
| 10562972025 | Manchus | A mainly pastoral group of nomads from southern Manchuria in northeastern China who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644, which was the last of China's imperial dynasties. The Chinese were seen as inferior to the Manchus. For example, they did not allow for intermarriage between Chinese and Manchus, and forbade Chinese to travel to Manchuria or to learn their language. | 19 | |
| 10562974391 | Mercantilism | An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by exporting more goods than they import. The colonies would work to benefit the mother country. Colonies could export their goods anywhere but were limited in where they could import from. | 20 | |
| 10562974392 | Monetization | the process of converting or establishing something into legal tender. It usually refers to the coining of currency or the printing of banknotes by central banks | 21 | |
| 10562977849 | Muscovy | Russian principality that emerged gradually during the era of Mongol domination. The Muscovite princes convinced their Mongol Tatar overlords to let them collect all the tribute gold from the other Russian princes on behalf of the Mongols. This caused Moscow to become the power center of Russian society and eventually they rebelled against Mongol domination. The Muscovite dynasty ruled without interruption from 1276 to 1598. | 22 | |
| 10562977850 | Qing Dynasty | (1644-1911 CE), Manchu Dynasty that seized control of China in mid-17th century after decline of Ming. It was the last imperial dynasty of China. Began to isolate themselves from Western culture. Forced submission of nomadic peoples far to the west and compelled tribute from Vietnam & Burma to the south. | 23 | |
| 10562983487 | Seven Years' War | (1756-1763 CE) Known also as the French and Indian war. It was fought between Great Britain and France; Great Britain with the German Kingdom of Prussia and France with Indian allies. The cause of the war was ongoing tension between Great Britain and France as well as Russian and Austrian fears of Prussia's growing power in Europe. Prussia and Britain won. The war ended with the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763 and it resulted in further colonial supremacy for Great Britain after absorbing almost all of France's possessions and widespread acknowledgement of Prussia as a major European power. | 24 | |
| 10562983488 | Thirty Years' War | (1618-1648 CE) War within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies (Sweden, Denmark, France) and the emperor and his ally, Spain; ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia. | 25 | |
| 10562988614 | Tokugawa Shogunate | The Japanese Shogunate during the mid-16th century. The leaders restored unity through their ruthlessness as well as military and diplomatic power. They also isolated Japan to protect against European forces | 26 | |
| 10562990551 | Cartography | The science of making maps | 27 | |
| 10562992294 | Creoles | Descendents of Spanish-born but born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status. | 28 | |
| 10562999291 | Forbidden City | The Chinese imperial palace from the Ming dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty It served as the home of emperors and their households as well as the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government for almost 500 years. Only imperial family, advisers, and household were permitted to enter. | 29 | |
| 10563001518 | Great Plaza of Isfahan | Center of Safavid power in the 17th century. Had a public mosque, trading stalls and markets, government offices, and a personal mosque for the shah. This reflected desire to bring trade, government, and religion together under the authority of the supreme political leader. | 30 | |
| 10563003166 | Oceania | A region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. The arrival of European settlers in subsequent centuries resulted in a significant alteration in the social and political landscape of Oceania. | 31 | |
| 10563004566 | Palace of Versailles | A large royal residence built in the seventeenth century by King Louis XIV of France, near Paris. The palace, with its lavish gardens and fountains, is a spectacular example of French classical architecture. The Hall of Mirrors is particularly well known. The peace treaty that formally ended World War I was negotiated and signed here as well. | 32 | |
| 10563004567 | Peninsulares | Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class. | 33 | |
| 10563007683 | Taj Mahal | A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife. | 34 | |
| 10563011392 | Topkapi Palace | large palace in Istanbul, Turkey, that was one of the major residences of the Ottoman sultans for almost 400 years | 35 | |
| 10565798987 | 1453 | Ottomans capture Constantinople | 36 | |
| 10565801123 | 1450s | Printing Press in Europe (Gutenberg) | 37 | |
| 10565809517 | c. 1480s | Height of Aztec Empire | 38 | |
| 10565809555 | 1488 | Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope | 39 | |
| 10565814564 | 1492 | Columbus/Reconquista of Spain | 40 | |
| 10565816486 | 1502 | 1st African Slaves to Americas | 41 | |
| 10565818418 | 1517 | Martin Luther/Protestant Reformation | 42 | |
| 10565828137 | 1519 to 1521 | Cortez conquered the Aztecs | 43 | |
| 10565831622 | 1521 to 1523 | Magellan circumnavigates the Earth | 44 | |
| 10565836264 | 1529 | 1st unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna | 45 | |
| 10565838597 | 1533 | Pizarro topples the Inca | 46 | |
| 10565841316 | 1545 | Discovery of silver at Potosi | 47 | |
| 10565843830 | 1571 | Battle of Lepanto | 48 | |
| 10565847615 | 1600 | Battle of Sekigahara | 49 | |
| 10565850288 | 1607 | Founding of the Jamestown Colony | 50 | |
| 10565860435 | 1618 to 1648 | Thirty Years' War | 51 | |
| 10565867027 | 1644 to 1911 | Qing Dynasty | 52 | |
| 10565867028 | 1653 | Cape Town colony founded (Dutch) | 53 | |
| 10565872712 | 1683 | 2nd unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna (Mehmet IV) | 54 | |
| 10565874680 | 1689 | Glorious Revolution/English Bill of Rights | 55 |
