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| 31138932 | Paleolithic, or Old Stone Age | human beings learned simple tool use, mainly through employing suitably shaped rocks and sticks for hunting and warfare during most of the 2 million plus years when our species has existed; extends up until about 14,000 years ago. | 0 | |
| 31138933 | Mesolithic Age, or Middle Stone Age | A span of several thousand years, from about 12,000 to 8000 B.C.E., in which human ability to fashion stone tools and other implements improved greatly. | 1 | |
| 31138934 | Neolithic Revolution | Involved the development of agriculture and development of agriculture and occurred in different times in different places. | 2 | |
| 31138935 | Prehistoric | Involved with human patterns before the invention of writing allowed the kinds of record-keeping historians prefer. | 3 | |
| 31138936 | Metalworking | provided humans with tools and weapons far superior to any made of stone or wood. | 4 | |
| 31138937 | Civilization | Used in two ways: first, to describe a society organized with cities, writing and a formal structure. Second, to describe a particular such society, e.g., Chinese civilization, that has distinctive, shared institutions and culture. | 5 | |
| 31138938 | Catal Huyuk | A Neolithic village founded about 7000 B.C.E. that was unusually large, covering about 32 acres; has been elaborately studied by archeologists. | 6 | |
| 31138939 | River-Valley Civilizations | The great civilizations were built on the achievements of these early human societies. | 7 | |
| 31138940 | Tigris-Euphrates Civilization | The first civilization, developed absolutely from scratch- with no examples from any other place to imitate. | 8 | |
| 31138941 | Sumerians | People who dominated Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BCE. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions. | 9 | |
| 31138942 | Egyptian Civilization | A second center of civilization in northern Africa along the Nile River, benefiting from the trade and technological influence of Mesopotamia, but developed a very different society and culture. | 10 | |
| 31138943 | Pyramids | monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt: used as burial sites for pharaohs. | 11 | |
| 31138944 | Indian river-valley Civilization | A prosperous urban civilization emerged along the Indus River by 2500 B.C.E., supporting several large cities whose houses even had running water. | 12 | |
| 31138945 | Chinese river-valley Civilization | A society along the Yellow River in China that developed in considerable isolation with trade contact with India and the Middle East developing later. | 13 | |
| 31138946 | The Shang Dynasty | A line of kings that ruled over the Yellow river-valley and that constructed some impressive tombs and palaces, by about 1500 B.C.E. | 14 | |
| 31138947 | Jews | The most influential of the smaller Middle Eastern groups who gave the world the first clearly developed monotheistic religion. | 15 |
