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| 2960324641 | Paleolithic | The old stone age ending in 12,000 B.C.E. Typified by use of some crude stone tools, and hunting and gathering for subsistence farming. | 0 | |
| 2960341183 | Homo Sapiens | Migrated from Africa into the Middle East, then into Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Americas. | 1 | |
| 2960351997 | Neolithic | The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E. It's the periodic which adaptation of sedimentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished. | 2 | |
| 2960369743 | Neolithic Revolution | The succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture. (8500-3500 B.C.E.) | 3 | |
| 2960390079 | Hunting and gathering | dominated human history until 9000 B.C.E. These economies helped propel migration over most of the lands on the earth. | 4 | |
| 2960401046 | bronze age | Started about 4000 B.C.E. Started when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East. Ended in 1500 B.C.E because iron tools were introduced. | 5 | |
| 2960421645 | Slash and Burn Agriculture | Existed in many parts of the world, including portions of the American South until about 150 years ago. People would burn off trees in an area, farm intensively for a few years until the soil was depleted - then they would move on, often returning to earlier sites every 20 - 30 years. | 6 | |
| 2960447600 | Bands | Herding peoples move in tribal bands, with strong kinship ties. A band is a level of social organization normally consisting of 20 - 30 people. | 7 | |
| 2960457941 | Catal Huyuk | A Neolithic village in Southern Turkey elaborately studied by archeologists. It was founded about 7000 B.C.E and was unusually large, covering about 32 acres. Had a culture based on sedentary agriculture. Fatal Huyuk had a larger population than Jericho, and also had a higher degree of stratification. | 8 | |
| 2960494684 | Civilization | Societies that are distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture and the ability to produce food surpluses, and the existence of confirming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups. | 9 | |
| 2960738092 | Cuneiform | Writing based on wedge like characters. It emerged in the Middle East around 3500 B.C.E. It was developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. | 10 | |
| 2960765485 | Nomads | Cattle and sheep herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies. They were referred to as "barbarians" by civilized societies. | 11 | |
| 2960778197 | Mesopotamia | The first civilization founded in the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in part of the Middle East. By 4000 B.C.E, the farmers of Mesopotamia were familiar with bronze and copper and had already invented the wheel for transportation. | 12 | |
| 2960813206 | Sumerians | People who migrated to Mesopotamia in 4000 B.C.E. They created the first civilization in the region and organized the area into city-states. | 13 | |
| 2960824557 | Ziggurats | Massive towers that formed the first monumental architecture in Mesopotamia | 14 | |
| 2960828851 | City-states | A form of political organization of Mesopotamian civilizations. They consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban based king. | 15 | |
| 2960839261 | Babylonians | Extended their own empire and helped bring civilization to other parts of the Middle East. Unified all Mesopotamia, and collapsed due to foreign invasion in 1600 B.C.E. | 16 | |
| 2960864209 | Hammurabi | The most important ruler of the Babylonian empire who is responsible for codification of law. | 17 | |
| 2960869816 | Pharaoh | A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader. | 18 | |
| 2960873213 | Kush | Interacted with Egypt and invaded it at some point. It's an African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile. They conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries. | 19 | |
| 2960892387 | Indus River | River source in the Himalayas, who's mouth is in the Arabian sea. It supports the Harappans. | 20 | |
| 2960902981 | Harappa and Mohenjo Daro | Major urban complexes laid out on a planned grid pattern. | 21 | |
| 2960906946 | Huanghe | Also known as the Yellow River. It's the site of the development of sedentary agriculture in China. | 22 | |
| 2960917748 | Ideographic | Pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts. | 23 | |
| 2960922234 | Shang | First Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists. Its capitol is located in Ordos Bulge of the Huanghe. A line of kings. | 24 | |
| 2960945453 | Phoenicians | Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean. Advised an alphabet with 22 letters. | 25 | |
| 2960955650 | Jewish Monotheism | Key basis for the development of Christianity and Islam as major world religions. | 26 | |
| 2960963462 | Confucius | Widely reputed to ba an opinionated and outspoken person that was denied what he thought he was well qualified for. | 27 | |
| 2960972548 | Shi Huangdi | A warrior strongman, and founder of the brief Qin dynasty in 221 B.C.E. | 28 | |
| 2960979428 | Qin | Shi Huandi's state. It was established in 221 B.C.E at the end of the warring states period following the decline of the Zhou dynasty. It fell in 202 B.C.E. | 29 | |
| 2960993065 | Han | Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin in 202 B.C.E and ruled for the next 400 years. The third dynasty of classical China. It rounded out China's basic political and intellectual structure. | 30 | |
| 2961001057 | Dao | A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature. | 31 | |
| 2961010287 | Zhou | Lasted from 1029 to 258 B.C.E. Did not have a powerful government. | 32 | |
| 2961016658 | Great Wall | Extends over 3000 miles. Its wide enough for chariots. It was probably the largest construction project in human history. It was built using forced human labor. | 33 | |
| 2961038810 | Patriarchy | Run by men and based on assumption that men directed life. | 34 | |
| 2961043178 | Silk Road | The most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads that connected the Chinese to the indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations. It transmitted goods and ideas among civilizations. | 35 | |
| 2961061798 | Buddha | Founded one of the great world religions - that provided a powerful challenge to the Brahmans and many of the ancient Vedic beliefs and practices. It contributed to the establishment of India's first genuine empire. | 36 | |
| 2961074911 | Alexander the Great | Invaded India and made possible Indian contracts with hellenistic culture. He was a successor of Phillip the Second. He successfully conquered the Persian empire prior to his death in 323 B.C.E. He attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures. | 37 | |
| 2961098580 | Himalayas | Separates Asia and East Asia from the Indian Subcontinent. it is the site of the Aryan settlements that formed small kingdoms or warrior republics. | 38 | |
| 2961116962 | Monsoons | Seasonal winds crossing Indian subcontinent ans Southeast Asia. | 39 | |
| 2961124789 | Aryan | Indo-European migrants, hunting and herding people originally from central Asia. Replaced the Harappan civilization and militarized society. | 40 | |
| 2961137096 | Sanskrit | The first literary language of the new culture. Sacred and classical indian language | 41 | |
| 2961149066 | Vedas | literary histories written in sacred books. | 42 | |
| 2961152834 | Ramayana | An epic poem that deals with fictional and non fictional battles. | 43 | |
| 2961157925 | Varnas | Aryan social classes. !: Brahmans 2:Ksha Trigas 3: vaisyas 4: Sudra | 44 | |
| 2961166989 | Untouchables | Low social caste in Hindu culture. Performed tasks that were considered pollution. | 45 | |
| 2961172761 | Indra | The God of thunder, also the god of strength. | 46 | |
| 2961181008 | Mauryan Dynasty | Established in the Indian Subcontinent in the 4th century B.C.E following the invasion by Alexander the Great. | 47 | |
| 2961193845 | Dharma | The caste position and career determined by a person's birth. Hindu culture required that one accept ones social position and perform occupation to the best of ones ability in order to have a better situation in the next life. (buddhism) | 48 | |
| 2961206983 | Kushans | Pushed into central India from the northwest. collapsed by 220 C.E | 49 | |
| 2961213738 | Guptas | Established a large empire beginning in 320 C.E. No individual rulers as influential an the two great rulers. | 50 | |
| 2961220261 | Kautilya | Chandragupta's chief minister. He wrote an important treatise on politics. | 51 | |
| 2961227152 | Gurus | Mystical Holymen | 52 | |
| 2961230991 | Vishnu and Shiva | the preserver and destroyer that could be worshipped or placated as expressions of the holy essence. | 53 | |
| 2961238579 | reincarnation | Souls don't die, but pass into other beings, either human or animal. | 54 | |
| 2961244282 | Nirvana | A world beyond existence itself | 55 | |
| 2961246917 | Stupas | Spherical shrines to Buddha that were sponsored by Ashoka. | 56 | |
| 2991766166 | Cyrus The Great | Established the massive Persian empire by 550 B.C.E., which was the successor state to Mesopotamian empires. | 57 | |
| 2991775549 | Zoroastrianism | Animist religion that saw material existence as a battle between forces of good and evil. Zoroastrianism stressed the importance of moral choice. Stated that the righteous lived on after death in the "House of Song". This was the chief religion of the Persian Empire. | 58 |
