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AP world history terms Flashcards

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4751993514islamreligion (Muhammad is the prophet of allah) ; means submission in Arabic (submit to allah)0
4751993612muslimfollower of islam faith1
4751993788quranreligious text of islam2
4751996533muhammadlast messenger and prophet sent by allah to guide humanity in the right way3
4751998000hadithrecord of the traditions or sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, revered and received as a major source of religious law and moral guidance (comes 2nd to the quran)4
4751998001ummameans community in Arabic (Islamic community)5
4751998586meccabirthplace of Muhammad and islam; holiest city of islam; located in Saudi arabia; only muslims are allowed into the city; location for hajj6
4751998670ka'abalocated in mecca; building in the center of mosque; most sacred muslim site7
4751998782shahadathe testimony; Islamic creed declaring belief in the oneness of God and the acceptance of Muhammad as God's prophet8
4751999200almsgiving to others as an act of virtue, either materially or in the sense of providing capabilities (e.g. education) for free9
4751999579ramadanthe ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset; one of the 5 pillars of islam; strict praying10
4751999836eid al-fitrIslamic holiday; marks the end of Ramadan; 3 day celebration; means the festival of fast breaking11
4751999958hajjpilgrimage to mecca; one of the 5 pillars of islam12
4752000195jihad(among Muslims) a war or struggle against unbelievers.13
4752000377dar al-islamIslamic sate territory; area of the world under Islamic rule; means the home of islam/ the home of submission14
4752000545shari'ameans the path/way; Islamic law- the detailed system of religious law developed by Muslim scholars in the first three centuries of Islam15
4752000546hijraMuhammad's departure from Mecca to Medina in AD 622, prompted by the opposition of the merchants of Mecca and marking the consolidation of the first Muslim community16
4752000916byzantine empireEastern Roman Empire; continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople17
4752001065sassanid empirethe last Iranian empire before the rise of Islam18
4752001317ibn battutaMoroccan Muslim scholar and traveler.19
4752001663abu bakrcompanion of 1st Muslim leader after Muhammad, regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful successor20
4752001664caliphthe chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad21
4752002562alimale Arabic name; literally means "high" or "Elevated". It is a common name in Arabic countries and the rest of the Muslim world.22
4752002563shi'aone of the two main branches of Islam; followed especially in Iran, that rejects the first three Sunni caliphs and regards Ali, the fourth caliph, as Muhammad's first true successor.23
4752002898ummayada member of a Muslim dynasty that ruled the Islamic world from AD 660 (or 661) to 750 and Moorish Spain from 756 to 1031. The dynasty claimed descent from Umayya, a distant relative of Muhammad.; dynasty24
4752003021sunnisone of the two main branches of Islam; commonly described as orthodox, and differing from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna and in its acceptance of the first three caliphs.25
4752003022damascusWidely regarded as world's oldest city; capital of syria26
4752003411husaynHusayn is an important figure in Islam, as he was a member of the Ahl al-Bayt (the household of Muhammad); male given name used by Muslim, meaning good or handsome27
4752003703battle of karbalaThe battle took place between a small group of supporters and relatives of Muhammad's grandson, Husayn ibn Ali, and a larger military detachment from the forces of Yazid I, the Umayyad caliph; sunnis & shias28
4752003859imamthe person who leads prayers in a mosque29
4752003917twelversShi'a) is commonly used as a synonym for "Twelvers" since this branch comprises the majority group in Shia Islam30
4752004013ismailisa member of a branch of Shiite Muslims that seceded from the main group in the 8th century because of their belief that Ismail, the son of the sixth Shiite imam, should have become the seventh imam.31
4752004672dome of the rocka shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem.32
4752004894al-Aqsa mosqueLocated in Jerusalem; 3rd holiest site in islam33
4752006474Charles martelChristian; Frankish leader; stopped muslim advance into W Europe in battle of tours34
4752006475battle of toursstopped muslim advance into W Europe in battle of tours;35
4752007285abbasidsa member of the Abbasid dynasty.36
4752007536baghdadCapital of Iraq; has long been one of the great cities of the Muslim world37
4752008522fatimidsIsmaili Shia Islamic caliphate that spanned a large area of North Africa, from the Red Sea in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west. The dynasty ruled across the Mediterranean coast of Africa and ultimately made Egypt the centre of the caliphate.38
4752008624Seljuk turksmajor branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries.39
4752008741battle of manzikertfought between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuq Turks40
4752008851sultanMuslim sovereign.41
4752009053chinngis kahn42
4752009539battle of ain jalut43
4752010121timur the lame44
4752010122ulama45
4752011192sufis46
4752014386sultanate of delhi47
4752014712Mughal empire48
4752015139ghana49
4752015458almoravids50
4752015586mali51
4752015767mansa musa52
4752017026timbuktu53
4752017027songhay54
4752017263ethiopa55
4752017264kilwa56
4752017481swahili57
4752017662jalal al-din rumi58
4752020400ibn khaldun59
4752021178universal history60
4752021179minaret61
4752021390muezzin62
4752021826instanbul63
4752022322taj mahal64
4752022424bazaar65
4752022577dhimmi66
4752022829crusades67
4752023436battle of manikert68
4752023752alexius I69
4752023753urban II70
4752025218salah al-din71
4752027756reconquista72
4752028168moses maimonides73
4752028806alhambra74
4752029025Spanish inquistion75
4752029026marranos76
4752029842moriscos77
4752029950tomas de torquemada78
4752030594apostasy79
4752031109heresy80
4752031313blasphemy81
4752031314usury82
4752031598ferdinand83
4752031599isabella84
4754086395cordoba85
4754086396ibn sina86
4754086751qanun fi'l-tibb87

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