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| 2298547824 | Alfonso d'Alboquerque | Commander of Portuguese forces in Indian ocean responsible for Portuguese hegemony in the region | 0 | |
| 2298547825 | Vasco Nunez de Balboa | Spanish military commander responsible for sighting the Pacific ocean in 1513 | 1 | |
| 2298556557 | Jan Pieterszoon Coen | Established Batavia on the island of Java in 1619 as entrepot for the VOC a strategic site for the Dutch trading empire | 2 | |
| 2298563240 | Cristoforo Columbo | Genose mariner who attempted to shorten the journey to the Asian islands trade markets by travelling directly west across the Atlantic. His miscalculation led him to uncharted land he believed to be the Asian islands, which in fact were the Caribbean islands. | 3 | |
| 2298570725 | Captain James Cook | led three expeditions to the pacific, charted eastern Australia and new Zealand, pacific islands and artic waters as well as collecting enthnographic materials about the lands and the peoples he encountered | 4 | |
| 2298578453 | Bartolomeu Dias | the first Portuguese mariner to round the Cape of Good Hope and enter the Indian Ocean , opening the route to India, China and the islands of southeast Asia | 5 | |
| 2298584698 | Vasco da Gama | led a fleet of four ships from Lisbon to india and successfully returned with a cargo of pepper and cinnamon that would motivate more European merchants to make the journey east | 6 | |
| 2298589898 | Prince Henry the Navigator | promoted voyages od exploration in west Africa specifically to enter the gold trade, find new trade routes, collect intelligence on Muslim power and spread Christianity | 7 | |
| 2298594188 | Miguel Lopez de Legazpi | Spanish commander who seized control of the phillipines in 1585 | 8 | |
| 2298598577 | Ferndinand Magellan | explored the pacific and circumnavigated the world in the service of spain | 9 | |
| 2298601586 | astrolabe | a simplified version of what the greek and Persian used to determine latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or the pole star above the horizon | 10 | |
| 2298606921 | Aztec Empire | like the inca empire in South America this complex empire in Mesoamerica was ravaged by the effect of biological and cultural invasions | 11 | |
| 2298611462 | Calicut | Portuguese trading port in India | 12 | |
| 2298613077 | circumnavigation | complete voyage around the world | 13 | |
| 2298614570 | Columbian Exchange | global diffusion of plants, food crops, animals, human populations, and disease pathogens that took place after Columbus' voyage | 14 | |
| 2298620866 | cross staffs | instruments used by mariners to measure the angle of the sun or pole star and determine latitude | 15 | |
| 2298623587 | joint stock companies | companies funded by private merchants, providing funds for ships, crews and supplies, would also provide merchants with commodities and money to trade | 16 | |
| 2298629015 | magnetic compass | a Chinese invention of the Tang or Song dynasty that had diffused throughout the Indian Ocean Basin in the 11th century | 17 | |
| 2298637522 | Sao Jorge da Mina | fortified Portuguese trading post on the coast of west Africa (in modern Ghana) | 18 | |
| 2298639525 | Seven Years' War | Global conflict that included Asians, indigenous peoples and Europeans, "Great War for Empire," laid foundations for British hegemony | 19 | |
| 2298718928 | smallpox | one of several infectious and contagious virgin soil diseases that ravages the populations of the Americas due to their lack of exposure and immunity, reduced population 95% | 20 | |
| 2298725182 | Taino | the indigenous residents of the Bahamas, Columbus mislabeled them as Indians | 21 | |
| 2298730496 | trade winds | strong wind patterns blowing from the northeast that complicated travel and caused mariners to take indirect routes | 22 | |
| 2298734289 | trading-post empires | a series of fortified trading posts established by the Dutch, French, Portuguese, Spanish and English to command hegemony over large coastal areas | 23 | |
| 2298740606 | volta do mar | the strategy employed by mariners in their return journeys, avoiding sailing against slow and perilous winds | 24 | |
| 2298745415 | wind wheels | strong wind patterns in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans north and south of the equator, used by mariners to direct voyages | 25 | |
| 2298747633 | John Calvin | French lawyer who converted to Protestant Christianity and organized a Protestant community in Geneva, Switzerland, strict mortality discipline | 26 | |
| 2298753596 | Charles V | Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire during the reformation | 27 | |
| 2298757100 | Nicolaus Copernicus | Polish astronomer who published a treatise in 1543, On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres, that broke Ptolemaic theory and proposed the sun was at the center of the universe and that the planets orbited it | 28 | |
| 2298765674 | Galileo Galilei | Italian mathematician who used the telescope to report that the universe was flawed and dynamic, through the use of a telescope was able to see unknown stars, moons, mountains on earths moon, led to belief universe was much larger than thought | 29 | |
| 2298786029 | King Henry the VII | English monarch whose direct conflict with the authority of the pope over divorce legitimized the reformation that led to England's favor to the Anglican church | 30 | |
| 2298791356 | Johannes Kepler | German mathematician who demonstrated that planetary orbits are elliptical | 31 | |
| 2298795996 | John Locke | English philosopher who sought to identify the principles of psychology and argued that all human knowledge comes from sense perceptions | 32 | |
| 2298800790 | King Louis XIV | French ruler who best epitomized absolutism, le rol soleil "the sun king" | 33 | |
| 2298805525 | St. Ignatius Loyola | Founder of the | 34 |
