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| 4158350966 | Aristocracy | A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility. | 0 | |
| 4158351917 | Brahmin | A member of the highest caste in Indian society. Responsible for religious rights and the teaching of the Vedas(priests). | 1 | |
| 4158351918 | Bureaucracy | A large group of people that rule the government, but usually aren't elected officials. | 2 | |
| 4158355344 | Deforestation | The removal of trees faster than forests can repair themselves. | 3 | |
| 4158356712 | Demography | The study of population dynamics. Demographics is important in the study of World history because population dynamics provide evidence of important historical trends, such as disease pandemics and migration. | 4 | |
| 4158357819 | Desertification | The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation or inappropriate agriculture. | 5 | |
| 4158357820 | Dharma | The caste position and career determined by a person's birth; Hindu culture required that one accept one's social position and perform occupation to best of one's ability I order to have a better situation in the next life. | 6 | |
| 4158359216 | Diffusion | The spread of items from one place to another. "Culture Diffusion" is used to describe the spread of ideas, such as religions and products, as well as trade. | 7 | |
| 4158359217 | Domestication | The taming of animals for human use such as work or human food. Domesticated plants are cultivated and grown as crops, such as wheat. Domestication helped fuel the Neolithic Revolution. | 8 | |
| 4158361004 | Egalitarian | This kind of society is organized so that all its members have equal or similar rights and powers. An egalitarian society may contain little social stratification. By looking at modern-day hunting-forager societies, anthropologists infer that hunting-foragers during the Paleolithic era(before about 8000 B.C.E) were relatively egalitarian. | 9 | |
| 4158362589 | Hebrew Monotheism/ Judaism | The Hebrew Idea of there being only one God and none other. Started in Middle East(6000 years ago) spread through family lines. Oldest known monotheistic religion practiced in the world today. It's fundamental teachings have been influential and are the basis for more recently developed religions such as Christianity and Islam. After the Hebrew exodus from Egypt, many began to lose their faith in God, the Ten Commandments was created to guide Hebrews. | 10 | |
| 4158365563 | Hunting and Gathering | Usually composed of small kinship groups that were nomadic and often self-sufficient. Typically males hunted wild animals while females forged for wild plants, such as nuts, vegetables, and fruits. Means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedimentary agriculture, normally typical of tribal social organizations. Societies that relied primarily or exclusively on hunting wild animals, fishing, and gathering wild fruits, berries, nuts, and vegetables to support the diet. They lived in temporary dwellings and had few possessions, developed tools that helped them adapt to different environments. | 11 | |
| 4158365564 | Mandate of Heaven | Chinese religious and political Ideology developed by the Zhou. According to which it was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China and to take away that power if the ruler failed to conduct himself justly and in the best interests of his subjects. | 12 | |
| 4158367739 | Metallurgy | Early societies first used copper, common and easy to mold; hammered metal then later heated to bend; created first jewelry and decorations, then weapons. | 13 | |
| 4158367740 | Migration | Seasonal movement of animals from one region to another; movement of pastoral societies from on region to another. | 14 | |
| 4158369264 | Pastoral/Pastoralism | A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter. domesticated animals such as sheep, goat, or cattle. Nomadic pastoralist often accumulated few possession, making movement easier. As a result of their mobility, they were involved in trade and the spread of ideas and technology between settled agrarian populations. | 15 | |
| 4158369265 | Patriarchy/ Patriarchal system | A form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the family line. Woman are excluded from positions of power and may not be able to own land, although they may have a few rights. In the Neolithic era, many societies practiced patriarchy. | 16 | |
| 4158371289 | Revenue | Income during a period of time. | 17 | |
| 4158374013 | Secular | Denoting attitudes, activities or things that have no religious bases. Some societies were secular. | 18 | |
| 4158375612 | Shaman/ Shamanism | The practice of identifying special individuals(Shamans) who will interact with spirits for the benefit of the community. Characteristic of the Korean Kingdoms of the early medieval period and of early societies of Central Asia. | 19 | |
| 4158377457 | Specialization of Labor | To train specialize people in certain areas of work so that people can accomplish tasks quicker; training people for one specific task; started by surplus. | 20 | |
| 4158379232 | Stratified Social Hierarchy | A system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. Social stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals into divisions of power and wealth within a society. | 21 | |
| 4158380624 | Surplus | Pastoralism and agriculture led to greater and more reliable levels of food production and ultimately food surplus. Surpluses freed people from the task of food production, allowing them to take on specialized jobs such as artisan or worrier. In time, this division of labor contributed to the development of hierarchical social organizations. | 22 | |
| 4158380625 | Theocracy | A government thought to be guided by a divine power. Controlled by religious leaders. | 23 | |
| 4158382785 | Urbanization | An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. | 24 | |
| 4158383794 | Vedic Religion/ Hinduism | A religion nd philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes any forms. Vedic religion- The ancient religion of the Aryan people who entered northwestern India from 2000-1200BC. It was the precursor of Hinduism, and its beliefs and practices are contained in Vedas-The most ancient Hindu scriptures, written in early Sanskrit and contained hymns, and guidance on ritual for the priests of Vedic religion. | 25 | |
| 4158385950 | Zoroastrianism | A monotheistic religion believed to be founded s early as the 10th century. The religion is about the teachings of Zoroaster and believes in the god Ahura Mazda, the creator of all and all-good upholder of truth. Influenced other religions such as Judaism. | 26 | |
| 4158388484 | Ancestor Veneration/ Worship | Based on the belied that the dead have a continuing existence, and may posses the ability to influence the fortune of the living; the worship of the deceased ancestors. | 27 | |
| 4158389348 | Bodhisattva | An enlightened individual who has achieved Nirvana but delays doing so out of compassion to save the other suffering beings. | 28 | |
| 4158389349 | Buddhism | Founded by a young Hindu prince called Siddhartha Gautama, who rejected his wealth and became a Buddha, the enlightened one. Buddhists follow the Four Noble Truths: All life is suffering, suffering is caused by desire, Freedom from desire is possible, and that through the eightfold path. After Buddha death, religion split into Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism. Rejected the caste system and other social differences. | 29 | |
| 4158391515 | Caste/Caste System | A system of classes that was used in Indian Civilization; famously opposed by Gandhi. Unique in that movement between caste was strictly forbidden; as was intermarriage. | 30 | |
| 4158393379 | Christianity | Emerged from the Middle East in the first century C.E, holding Jesus to be the son of God who sacrificed himself on behalf of mankind. | 31 | |
| 4158394656 | City-State | A group of loosely collected cities with their own governmental system. | 32 | |
| 4158396183 | Confucianism | The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct. | 33 | |
| 4158396238 | Daoism | Chinese School of thought: Daoist believed that the world was always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from The Dao, or 'path' of nature. | 34 | |
| 4158398292 | Democracy | System of government in which all citizens have equal political and legal rights, privileges, and protection. | 35 | |
| 4158400863 | Empirical/Empirical observations | Evidence that is based upon objective observation, measurement, or experimentation. | 36 | |
| 4158402629 | Filial Piety | The honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism. | 37 | |
| 4158403925 | Greco-Roman Philosophy | The ancient Greek and Roman worlds made significant contributions to religion and philosophy. The system of thinking that was recognized in both Greece and Rome was known as Greco Roman philosophy. Both Greek and Roman religion was polytheistic, many gods and goddesses were worshiped. It was believed that there were gods who manipulated all natural phenomena. | 38 | |
| 4158405121 | Hellenistic | That culture associated with the spread of Greek influence as a result of Macedonian conquest; often seen as the combination of Greek culture eastern political forms. | 39 | |
| 4158406401 | Karma | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation. | 40 | |
| 4158406402 | Monarchy | A form of government in which ruling power is in the hands of one person. | 41 | |
| 4158409011 | Monasticism/ Monastic life | A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith. | 42 | |
| 4158409012 | Monsoon winds | These strong predictable winds have long been ridden across the open sea by sailors, and the large amount of rainfall that they deposit on parts of India, Southeast Asia, and China allow for the cultivation of several crops a year. | 43 | |
| 4158411290 | Nirvana/Enlightenment | Buddhism term for what can be reached if the correct life is lived. A world with no suffering (tranquility) or decay. The goal of the Buddha | 44 | |
| 4158411335 | Reincarnation | The soul is born into another body or animal after body dies. - Part of Hindu religion and gave possibility of moving up in caste if you lived a good life. | 45 | |
| 4158413356 | Republic | A form of government in which sovereignty rests with the people, as opposed to a king or monarch. | 46 | |
| 4158413357 | Slavery | The state of being a slave. The first known example of slavery comes from Athens in around 600bce. | 47 | |
| 4158414548 | Sultans | The ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman empire); true leaders of Dar-al-Islam, set up a puppet state. | 48 | |
| 4158414549 | Tribute | A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the forms of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economics. | 49 | |
| 4158415764 | Black Death | An outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, caring off vast numbers of persons. | 50 | |
| 4158415765 | Caliphate | Office established in succession to the prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of the empire. Abbasid caliphate- descendants of the prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital Baghdad. | 51 | |
| 4158415766 | Caravan | A system of transportation for trade. Each caravan that entered or left Ghana had to pay a tax, which helped the system of government. Caravans would carry salt, cloth, horses, gold, precious woods and kola nuts, and they made a great impact on trade. | 52 | |
| 4158417170 | Chinampa | Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields which led to more agriculture. | 53 | |
| 4158419480 | Chivalry/Bushido | Bushido-traditional code of the Japanese samurai which stressed courage and loyalty and self-discipline and simple living "way of the warrior". Chivalry- the medieval principal of knighthood. | 54 | |
| 4158421505 | Examination System/ Civil Service exam system | A system of selected officials based on competitive written exams. | 55 | |
| 4158421506 | Crusades | A series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Western European Christians to reclaim control of the Holy lands from the Muslims. | 56 | |
| 4158422891 | Dar Al-Islam | The Arabic term meaning" the house of Islam" referring to land under Islamic rule. | 57 | |
| 4158424037 | Feudalism/decentralized government | A political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land return for service. | 58 | |
| 4158424038 | Gentry | A person of wealth or authority who is not officially of noble status. The scholar-gentry carried out social welfare measures, taught in private schools, maintained local law and order. As a class they represented morality and virtue. Were not government officials and did nit receive salaries. | 59 | |
| 4158425463 | Grand Canal (in China) | Designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilizations on north China plain with the Yangtze river basin to the south. | 60 | |
| 4158427024 | Guilds | Association of merchants of artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests. | 61 | |
| 4158427025 | Hanseatic League | An organization of cities in Northern Germany and southern Scandinavia for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliances. | 62 | |
| 4158428344 | Indian Ocean Sea | Lanes throughout the Indian Ocean connecting East Africa, southern Arabia, the Persian gulf, India, Southeastern Asia, and southern China. The demand of products leading to trade. Indian ocean maritime system, a variety of highly valued products were transported to all lands surrounding the Indian Ocean and diffusion of languages, religion, etc.. | 63 | |
| 4158428345 | Islam | Major world religion having its origin in 610 C.E. In the Arabian peninsula, meaning literally submission; based on prophecy of Muhammad. | 64 | |
| 4158430612 | Khanates/Khan | A Mongol ruler that brought unity to Asia | 65 | |
| 4158431443 | Letters of Credit/ Credit | An accounting entry acknowledging income of capital items. | 66 | |
| 4158431444 | Little Ice Age | Temporary but significant cooling period between 1300-1800 c.e, accompanied by wide temperature fluctuations, droughts, and storms, causing famines and dislocation. | 67 | |
| 4158435776 | Mediterranean Sea Lanes | Trade routes connecting the Mediterranean civilizations together. Cause: The need for resources in other countries by sea travel. Effect: trade increased and diffusion of cultures spread. | 68 | |
| 4158435777 | Mit'a | Andean labor system based on shared obligation to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organization. | 69 | |
| 4158440712 | Neo-Confucianism | A philosophy that emerged in Song dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding Buddhist and Daoist elements. | 70 | |
| 4158440713 | Quipu | knotted cords with various lengths and colors used by the Inca to keep financial records; Helped to make up for lack or writing. | 71 | |
| 4158443563 | Royal Chartered Monopoly Companies | Joint stock company that obtained a monopoly. | 72 | |
| 4158446013 | Samurai/Salaried Samurai | A Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy and were leaders of the military emperor. literally 'retainer' usually in service of a particular shogun, these warriors lived by a strict code of ethics and duty. | 73 | |
| 4158446014 | Serfs/Serfdom | The status of peasants under feudalism. It was a condition of bondage or modified slavery which developed primarily during the high middle ages in Europe and lasted in some countries until the mid 19th century. | 74 | |
| 4158447030 | Sharia | The code of law derived from the Qur'an and from the teachings and examples of the prophet Muhammad. Sharia is still used today, prohibits actions according to Islam, Demonstrates Muhammad's influences. | 75 | |
| 4158447031 | Shia/Shiism | The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad. Is a source of many debates. one pf the largest Islamic demonstrations. | 76 | |
| 4158448122 | Silk Roads | An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean sea, linked China with the Roman Empire. Marco polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay. Establishment of classical empires expanded long distance trade. Han empire maintained order in China and places which offered access to Bactria and Western markets. Silk was exported from China for various spices in India such as cinnamon and sesame oil. cotton was also exported from India for trade. | 77 | |
| 4158448123 | Sufi | Mystics with Islam: responsible for expansion of Islam to Southeastern Asia and other regions. Placed more emphasis on emotion and devotion than on strict adherence to rules. | 78 | |
| 4158449214 | Sunni | Traditionalist. The most popular form of Islam; Sunnis believe in the legitimacy of the early caliphs, compared to the Shiite belief that only a descendant of Ali can lead. | 79 | |
| 4158449215 | Swahili | A Bantu language with Arabic words spoken along the East African coast. | 80 | |
| 4158452359 | Trans-Saharan Routes | Trading network linking North Africa with sub-Saharan Africa across the Sahara. Caravan routes. | 81 | |
| 4158454114 | Tribute collection/ Tributary System | From Han times where independent countries acknowledged Chinese supremacy. Tributary states sent regular tribute to capitol Chang'an. Embassies may enter the Chinese trade system. | 82 | |
| 4158454115 | Absolutism | A form of government in Which the ruler is an absolute dictator(not restricted by checks and balances). | 83 | |
| 4158456097 | Atlantic trade system/ Slave trade | The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Basin. | 84 | |
| 4158456114 | Cartography | The making of maps and charts. | 85 | |
| 4158458291 | Colonies/Colonization | Setting up a colony away from the origin/home country. | 86 | |
| 4158458292 | Columbia Exchange | The widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade after Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage. | 87 | |
| 4158460317 | Conquistadors | Spanish 'conqueror' or solider in the New world. They were searching for gold, God, and glory. | 88 | |
| 4158460318 | Creoles | In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the new world. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all the nonnative peoples. | 89 | |
| 4158462841 | Devshirme | 'Selection' in Turkish. The system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries. | 90 | |
| 4158468986 | Dhimmi | Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus. | 91 | |
| 4158471878 | Diaspora/diasporic communities | A Greek word meaning 'dispersal' used to describe the communities of a given ethnic group living outside their homeland. Jews for example, spread from Israel to Western Asia and Mediterranean lands in antiquity and today can be found in other places. | 92 | |
| 4158473711 | Disease pathogens/Epidemic Disease | Disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time(ex.. influenza, black death. | 93 | |
| 4158477803 | Divine Rights(of Kings) | The belief that the authority of kings comes directly from God. | 94 | |
| 4158479204 | Encomienda | A grant of authority over a population of Amerindians I the Spanish colonies. It provided the grant holder with a supply of Cheap labor and periodic payments of goods by the Amerindians. It obliged the grant holder to Christianize the Amerindians. | 95 | |
| 4158480112 | Hacienda/Hacienda System | Similar to the feudal system, Natives got money and had to buy their products from their owners. | 96 | |
| 4158481372 | Harem | Living quarters reserved for wives and concubines and female relatives in a Muslim household. | 97 | |
| 4158482985 | Indentured Servitude | A migrant to British colonies in the Americas who paid for passage by agreeing to work for a set term ranging from four to seven year. | 98 | |
| 4158482986 | Janissaries | Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826. | 99 | |
| 4158485594 | Joint-Stock Companies | A business often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks(and profits) among many investors. | 100 | |
| 4158484574 | Manila galleons | Spanish trading ships that sailed once or twice a year across the Pacific Ocean between Manila in the Spanish East Indies, present day- Philippines, and Acapulco, New Spain, present day Mexico. | 101 | |
| 4158486638 | Maritime Empires | The Dutch, England, Mughal, Ottoman and Portuguese Empire, Qing, Russia, Spanish empires | 102 | |
| 4158487732 | Maroon | A slave that ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaway slaves in the West Indies and South America. | 103 | |
| 4158489155 | Mercantile practice/ Mercantilism | European government policies off the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies and accumulate precious metals by requiring colonies to trade only with their motherland country. | 104 | |
| 4158491147 | Mestizo | The term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed Amerindian and European decent. | 105 | |
| 4158491148 | Mulatto | The term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent. | 106 | |
| 4158494467 | Nobility/daimyo/Zamindaris/boyars | Daimyo- Japanese warlords who ruled 12th century Japan; Each daimyo had his own castle town, a small bureaucracy and an army of warriors(samurai). Zamindar- a landowner, especially one who leases his land to tenant farmers. Boyars- a member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a price. | 107 | |
| 4158496225 | Plantations/plantations | 1450-1750: colonies, such as those in south Africa, new Zealand, Algeria, Kenya and Hawaii where minority European populations lived among a majority of indigenous people- based upon African slavery beyond the Caribbean and brazil to encompass the southern colonies of British North America where tobacco, cotton, rice, and Indigo where major crops. | 108 | |
| 4158497547 | Racial Ideologies | The Nazi regime created a racist ideology; to improve the quantity and quality of the German "race". | 109 | |
| 4158497561 | Raw Materials | Unfinished goods consumed by a manufacturer in providing finished goods. | 110 | |
| 4158498837 | Social contract | A book, written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, which theorized about the best way to set up a political community in commercial society. members of society sacrifice some individual freedom for state protection. | 111 | |
| 4158500519 | Staple Crops( vs. cash crops) | staple crops- a crop grown in large amounts to feed a large population, providing basic nutrients, grown in monoculture. Cash crop- extensive agriculture in which harvesting crops are exchanged for money, goods, or credit. | 112 | |
| 4158502848 | Syncretic Religion(e.g. Sikhism) | A significant syncretic religion that evolved in India, blending elements of Islam and Hinduism. Founded by Guru Nanak. | 113 | |
| 4158507981 | Trading-post empire | This is the type of empire established by the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean trading arena/ The Portuguese sought to control the commerce in the area and did not want to control large areas of land. | 114 | |
| 4158507982 | Triangular Trade | The three legs of trade from the New World, to Europe, Africa, and then back to the New World once again. New World sent sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe. Europe sent textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa. Africa sent slaves to America. | 115 | |
| 4158509738 | Abolition | The legal prohibition and ending of slavery, especially of blacks in the U.S; the act of abolishing. | 116 | |
| 4158513922 | Anti-Imperial resistance/ Anticolonial movement | Resistance to an imperial power; Event in which colonists rebel against their colonizer and attempt to assert their freedom. | 117 | |
| 4158515408 | Capitalism/ Global Capitalism | The economic system of large financial institutions- banks, stock exchange, investment companies that first developed in early modern Europe. | 118 | |
| 4158517268 | Capitulations/extraterritoriality | Contracts between the Ottoman and European powers, Turkish capitulations were grants made by sultans to Christian nations, conferring rights and privileges in favor of their subjects resident of Ottoman dominions. traders were allowed to enter the Ottoman Empire without having to pay taxes- encouraged commercial exchange with westerners. | 119 | |
| 4158518874 | Chinese Exclusion Acts | Created by the United States in an attempt to eliminate most Chinese immigration into the U.S. If allowed to immigrate, they received low wages in hard working jobs. Led to the spread of anti-Chinese prejudice In Peru, Mexica, and Cuba, Immigration rebellions, reformation of school systems. | 120 | |
| 4158519994 | Economic Imperialism | A situation in which one country has a lot of economic power or influence over others; gaining economic benefits from other countries without actually conquering them. | 121 | |
| 4158522985 | Emancipation(of Serfs/slaves) | A reform in Russia, in 161, abolishing serfdom; freeing someone from the control of another. | 122 | |
| 4158524087 | Feminism | Sought legal and democratic gains for women such as equal access to education, right to vote, professions in workplaces. | 123 | |
| 4158525497 | Financial Instruments | Any contract that gives rise to both a financial assert of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. | 124 | |
| 4158529250 | Declaration of Rights(French, Haitian, U.S) | One of the fundamental documents of the French Revolution, defining a set of individual rights and collective rights of all the states as one. Influenced by the doctrine of natural rights, these rights are universal; they are supposed to be valid in all times and places, pertaining to human nature itself. Haitian Revolution brought success for the freedom of slaves. American Bill of Rights- secured the fundamental rights and privileges of people(first ten amendments). | 125 | |
| 4158532721 | Imperialism/colonialism | Policy by which a nation administers a foreign territory and develops its resources for the benefit of the colonial power. | 126 | |
| 4158535660 | Industrial Revolution/ Industrialization | The transformation of the economy, the environment, and living conditions, occurring first in England in the 18th century resulted from the use of steam engines. The mechanization of manufacturing in factories, transit, and communications. | 127 | |
| 4158537547 | Liberalism/ Liberal/ Classical Liberation | A political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, representative government, and the protection of private property. This Ideology, derived from the Enlightenment, was especially popular among the property-owing middle class. | 128 | |
| 4158539049 | Migrant ethnic enclaves/ Migrant support networks | Area or neighborhoods within cities that are homogenous in their ethnic make-up, and are usually surrounded by different ethnic groups(Chinatown). | 129 | |
| 4158542174 | Millenarianism( Taiping Rebellion, Ghost Dance, Xhosa Cattle-killing movement) | The belief that the end of the world was at hand and Anabaptists would usher in the kingdom of God within Munster as the new Jerusalem. Taiping rebellion-The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century, A Christian inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire. Ghost Dance- A ritual Indians performed to bring back buffalo, return the Native American tribes to their land, and sweep away all the White settlers. Xhosa Cattle-killing movement-1856-1857; Nongqawuse had a vision that if the Africans killed their animals and crops the invaders would move out; prophecy did not come true and people found themselves destitute; parts of the neo-conservative movements that aim to revise indigenous life in response to European expansion.1 | 130 | |
| 4158542175 | Nation-state | A sovereign state inhabited by a relatively homogeneous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality. | 131 | |
| 4158548119 | Nationalism | An extreme form of this especially marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries; advocacy of political Independence for a particular country. | 132 | |
| 4158549708 | Revolutions/revolutionary self-strengthening movement(in China) | China's attempt to modernize their army and encourage Western investment in factories and railways. | 133 | |
| 4158551044 | Settler Colonies | 1450-1750; Colonies in which the colonized people settled in large numbers, rather than simple spending relatively small numbers to exploit the region. Particularly noteworthy in the case of the British colonies in North America. | 134 | |
| 4158551045 | Social Darwinism | Effort to apply Darwin's evolutionary theory to human history. | 135 | |
| 4158552790 | Socialism/Marxism | The economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical changes and the capitalism will ultimately be replaced. | 136 | |
| 4158554052 | Suffrage | The right to vote. | 137 | |
| 4158555952 | Apartheid | (in South Africa) a policy or system of segregation or discrimination o grounds other than race. | 138 | |
| 4158555953 | Cold War | The struggle between the communist and democratic nations after World War I. The tension between the U.S and S.U. | 139 | |
| 4158558149 | Communism(five year plans, Great leap Forward) | A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. | 140 | |
| 4158560851 | Recolonization | Many European powers partitioned Africa, met with intense rivalries, and some degree of acceptance, involving peaceful negotiation and military action. Evidence of how the colonization of Africa, mainland Southeast Asia, and Pacific Islands came later, but much more abruptly and deliberately. | 141 | |
| 4158560852 | Anti-Imperialism | The idea that imperialist Europe threatened democracy and was based on racism and the U.S should not expand. | 142 | |
| 4158563382 | Draft/military conscription | Compulsory military service. | 143 | |
| 4158564317 | European Union | The final step in a series of arrangements to increase cooperation between European states in the wake of World War II; the EU was formally established in 1994, and twelve of its members adopted a common currency in 2002. | 144 | |
| 4158565254 | Fascism | Political Ideology marked by its intense nationalism and authoritarianism; its name is derived from the fasces that were the symbol of magistrates in ancient Rome. | 145 | |
| 4158566633 | Five-Year Plan | Plans that Joseph Stalin industrialized the Soviet Union rapidly, beginning in 1928. They set goals for the output of steel, electricity, and machinery. Most products were enforced by the police power of state. | 146 | |
| 4158568462 | Fundamentalist-movements/ Fundamentalism | A movement in America Protestantism that arose in the early part of the 0th century in reaction to modernism and that stresses the infallibly of the Bible not only in matters of faith and morals but also as a literal historical record, holding as essential to Christian faith belief in such doctrines as the creation of the world, the virgin birth, physical resurrection, atonement by the sacrificial death of the Christ, and the Second Coming. | 147 | |
| 4158568463 | Global Warming | A world-wide scientific consensus that the increased burning of fossil fuels and the loss of the trees have begun to warm the earth's atmosphere artificially and significantly, causing climate change and leading to possibly catastrophic results if the problem is not addressed. | 148 | |
| 4158569520 | Great Depression | World-wide economic depression that began in 1929 with the New York stock market crash and continued in the many areas until the outbreak of World War II. | 149 | |
| 4158569521 | Green Revolution | Program of improved irrigation methods and the introduction of high yield seed and fertilization and pesticides to improve agricultural production' in Asia but also was used in Latin America. | 150 | |
| 4158570442 | Human Rights | A set of legal and moral guidelines that promote and protect recognition of our values and ensure an adequate standard of living. | 151 | |
| 4158570443 | Liberation theology | Combined Catholic theology and socialist principles in effort to being about improved conditions for the poor in Latin America. | 152 | |
| 4158574956 | Mandatory states/mandate | Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I, to be administered under League of Nations supervision. | 153 | |
| 4158579268 | Multinational corporation (MNCS)/ trans-national corporation | Powerful companies, mainly from the West or Pacific Rim, with production as well as distribution operations in many different countries. Multinational surged in the decades after World War II. | 154 | |
| 4158580160 | NAFTA | An organization that prohibits tariffs and other trade barriers between Mexico, the United States, and Canada. | 155 | |
| 4158580161 | NATO | Organization formed 1949 as a military alliance of European and North American states against the soviet Union and its east European allies. | 156 | |
| 4158581422 | Nonviolence | lack of physical/rough force. | 157 | |
| 4158581423 | OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries- organization formed in 1960 by oil-producing countries to regulate oil supplies and prices. | 158 | |
| 4158584400 | Separatist Movements "total wars" | A war which a country engages in the complete mobilization of all available resources and population. | 159 | |
| 4158586768 | United Nations/ Leagues of Nations | An organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security. | 160 | |
| 4158587525 | Warsaw pact | Treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. | 161 | |
| 4158588994 | Zionism/Zionist | Supporters of Jewish nationalism especially a creation of a Jewish state in Palestine. | 162 |
