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| 8058543396 | (chapter 9) Dhimmis | -Term given to non-Muslims citizens in Islamic states -Means "Protected Person" -People of the Book: Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians | 0 | |
| 8058546885 | (chapter 9) Jizya | -Tax paid by Christians and Jews who lived in Muslim communities but were non-believers -Tax allowed them to continue their own religion | 1 | |
| 8058557461 | (chapter 9) Umayyad Caliphate | -First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs -From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyad ruled one of the largest empires in history that extended from Spain to India. -They were eventually overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate. | 2 | |
| 8058567401 | (chapter 9) Sunni | -One of the two great religions divisions of Islam -A member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad. -They believed that the successors to Muhammad must be chosen by the Muslim community. | 3 | |
| 8058587598 | (chapter 9) Shia | -Followers of Islam who believe that leadership should stay in the family of Muhammad. -They support Imams as the leaders of Islam | 4 | |
| 8058592101 | (chapter 9) Uluma | -Orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology -Ensured observance of Islamic traditions | 5 | |
| 8058595734 | (chapter 9) Imams | -Shi'a religious leaders who traced their descent to Ali's successors. | 6 | |
| 8058608202 | (chapter 9) Caliphate | A caliphate is a state under the leadership of an Islamic steward known as a caliph | 7 | |
| 8058613711 | (chapter 9) Abbasid Caliphate | -Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad from 750 to 1258. | 8 | |
| 8058621435 | (chapter 9) Sufism | -Islamic mystics, many of whom were important missionaries of Islam, in conquered lands and who were revered as saints | 9 | |
| 8058628124 | (chapter 9) Al-Ghazal | -Brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions; not entirely accepted by ulama | 10 | |
| 8058633051 | (chapter 9) Hadiths | -Traditions passed on about the collection of sayings of the Prophet Muhammad made after Muhammad's was dead. | 11 | |
| 8058672590 | (chapter 9) Sikhism | the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam | 12 | |
| 8058680345 | (chapter 9) Madrassas | -a school for the study of Muslim law and religion | 13 | |
| 8058804406 | (chapter 9) Mansa Musa | -Mali's greatest and most famous ruler, he was a devout Muslim. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca that helped spread Mali's fame | 14 | |
| 8058864586 | (chapter 9) Shaykhs | - Leader of tribes and clans within Bedouin society | 15 | |
| 8058873941 | (chapter 9) Al-Andalus | -A prince out of Umayyad that escaped to Spain -turned Southern Spain Muslim | 16 | |
| 8058877976 | (chapter 9) House Of Wisdom | -Combination library, academy, and translation center in Baghdad established in the 800s. | 17 | |
| 8058890528 | (chapter 9) Mecca | -City in west Saudi Arabia: birthplace of Muhammad ; Spiritual center of Islam | 18 | |
| 8058896611 | (chapter 9) Kaaba | -most revered religious shrine in pre Islamic Arabia, focus of obligatory annual truce among Bedouin tribe, later incorporated to an important shrine in Islam. enhanced the wealth and status of mecca and its merchant elite | 19 | |
| 8058901478 | (chapter 9) Quaaysh | -Umayyad clan founded in mecca | 20 | |
| 8058905435 | (chapter 9) Muhammad Ibn Abdullah | -Prophet of Islam that received revelations from Allah | 21 | |
| 8059018950 | (chapter 9) Quran | -Recitations of revelations received by Muhammad; holy book of Islam | 22 | |
| 8059018951 | (chapter 9) 5 Pillars | -The obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj | 23 | |
| 8059034329 | (chapter 9) Umma | -Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity. | 24 | |
| 8059034330 | (chapter 9) Ramadan | -Ninth month of the Islamic calendar; month of fasting to commemorate the first revelation of the risen to Muhammad | 25 | |
| 8059040091 | (chapter 9) Hajj | -The Hajj is and Islamic practice that all adherents are expected to participate in. It is a physical journey which becomes a spiritual journey as adherents work on their relationship with Allah | 26 | |
| 8059052492 | (chapter 9) Jihad | -A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal | 27 | |
| 8059055792 | (chapter 9) Hijra | -The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam | 28 | |
| 8059064655 | (chapter 9) Sharia | -the code of law derived from the Quran and from the teachings and example of Muhammad | 29 | |
| 8059077303 | (chapter 9) Ibn Battuta | -Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. | 30 |
