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AP World History: Time Period 1 Review Flashcards

From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER

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12400571447hunting and gatheringMeans of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization0
12400571448civilizationSocieties with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups1
12400571449neolithicThe New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished2
12400571450nomadic societieslivestock hearding societies that do not have a permanent settlement. normally found on the fringes of civilized (urban) societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies3
12400571451cultureCombination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction4
12400571452agrarian revolutionOccurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture5
12400571453pastoralismA nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies6
12400571454Catal HuyukEarly urban culture/civiization based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification7
12400571455Bronze AgeFrom 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing8
12400571456MesopotamiaLiterally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys9
12400571457potter's wheelA technological advance in pottery making; invented circa 6000 B.C.E.; encouraged faster and higher-quality ceramic pottery products10
12400571458SumeriansPeople who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states11
12400571459cuneiformA form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets12
12400571460city-stateA form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king13
12400571461ziggurata massive tower building usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections14
12400571462Babylonian EmpireUnified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E.15
12400571463HammurabiThe most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law16
12400571464PharaohThe term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; the term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs17
12400571465pyramidsMonumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs18
12400571466hieroglyphsForm of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform19
12400571467KushAfrican state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries20
12400571468monotheismThe exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization21
12400571469PhoeniciansSeafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean22
12400571470Harappa and Mohenjo DaroMajor urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern23
12400571471AryansIndo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization24
12400571472Huanghe (Yellow) River BasinSite of the development of sedentary agriculture in China25
12400571473Shang1st Chinese dynasty (after the legendary Xia)26
12400571474OraclesShamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing27
12400571475ideographic writingPictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing28
12400571476Big GeographyA term that draws attention to the global nature of world history.29
12400571477PaleolithicThe period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.30
12400571478Human migration during Paleolithic eramovement of humans from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas31
12400571479eglitarianequality among people (no social levels)32
12400571480toolsHumans developed a wider range of ____ specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra33
12400571481Neolithic Revolutionperiod of change from hunter-gatherer lifesyle to agricultural lifestyles associated with domestication, farming, and settlement34
12400571482patriarchyfather based/male dominated society35
12400571483climatic changePermanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, possibly as a response to what?36
12400571484weaponsPastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of of ____ and forms of transportation that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizations37
12400571485horsesname one mode of new transportation by the pastoralists38
12400571486artElites, both political and religious, promoted ____.39
12400571487record-keeping systems___ arose independently in all early civilization sand subsequently were diffused40
12400571488Nile RiverThis river flooded regularly.41
12400571489Tigris RiverThis river's floods were unpredictable.42
12400571490MesopotamianUnpredictable weather patterns affected the development of the _____ civilization.43
12400571491Egyptian_______art demonstrated little change for nearly 1000 years.44
12400571492Nubia and KushKingdoms upriver from Egypt.45
12400571495Standard of Ur46
12400571496Harappan King or Priest Figure47
12400571493JerichoOne of the earliest cities: located in modern Israel.48
12400571494Catal-HyoukOne of the earliest cities: located in modern Turkey.49

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