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| 11545384460 | age grades (age sets) | System of social organization common across Africa. Generations are divided into these with specific duties and expectations according to their stage of maturation. | 0 | |
| 11545384461 | Axum | The Christian state in Africa that developed its own branch of Christianity, Coptic Christianity, because it was cut off from other Christians due to a large Muslim presence in Africa. | 1 | |
| 11545384462 | bananas | the introduction of a new food crop about 400 CE encouraged a fresh migratory surge in Africa. | 2 | |
| 11545384463 | Bantu | The people who spread throughout Africa spreading agriculture, language, and iron. | 3 | |
| 11545384464 | Benin | a kingdom that arose near the Niger River delta in the 1300s and became a major West African state in the 1400s | 4 | |
| 11545384465 | Camels | The Romans introduced these animals to Africa, greatly increasing trade. | 5 | |
| 11545384466 | Gold Trade | Gold and salt made up trade and wealth in the African kingdoms because the Europeans wanted gold, and the Africans needed salt | 6 | |
| 11545384467 | Great Zimbabwe | City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. | 7 | |
| 11545384468 | Griots | Professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings within the Mali Empire | 8 | |
| 11545384469 | Ife | all Yoruba chiefs traced their descent to this first ruler. According to legend, the creator sent this first ruler down to earth where he founded the first Yoruba state. | 9 | |
| 11545384470 | Islamic Slave Trade | 10 million slaves have been shipped out of Africa by this slave trade between the 8th and 18th centuries. Europeans used these existing networks and expanded the slave trade | 10 | |
| 11545384471 | Jenne-Jeno | One of the first urbanized centers in western Africa. A walled community home to approximately 50,000 people at its height. Evidence suggests domestication of agriculture and trade with nearby regions. | 11 | |
| 11545384472 | Kebra Negast | (The Glory of Kings) - fictional work, tried to trace lineage from Ethiopia's Solomonic dynasty to the Israelite kings David and Solomon | 12 | |
| 11545384473 | Kilwa | one of many trading cities on the East African coast | 13 | |
| 11545384474 | Kin-based societies | A government based on families and chiefs ruling over small groups. Africans depended on these instead of an organized hierarchy government. | 14 | |
| 11545384475 | Kingdom of Ghana | First of the great medieval trading empires of western Africa (7th - 13th century). Located in what is now southeastern Mauritania and part of Mali, it acted as intermediary between Arab and Berber salt traders to the north and gold and ivory producers to the south. | 15 | |
| 11545384476 | Kingdom of Kongo | Basin of the Congo (Zaire) river, conglomeration of several village alliances, participated actively in trade networks, most centralized rule of the early Bantu kingdoms, royal currency: cowries, ruled 14th-17th century until undermined by Portuguese slave traders | 16 | |
| 11545384477 | Koumbi Saleh | The city in which the king of Ghana held his court | 17 | |
| 11545384478 | Mali Empire | From 1235-1400, this was a strong empire of Western African. With its trading cities of Timbuktu and Gao, it had many mosques and universities. The Empire was ruled by two great rulers, Sundiata and Mansa Musa. Thy upheld a strong gold-salt trade. The fall of the empire was caused by the lack of strong rulers who could govern well. | 18 | |
| 11545384479 | Mansa Musa | Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East. | 19 | |
| 11545384480 | Sundiata | the founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes | 20 | |
| 11545384481 | Swahili | A Bantu language with arabic words, spoken along the east african coast | 21 | |
| 11545384482 | Timbuktu | City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning. | 22 | |
| 11545384483 | Trans-Saharan Trade | route across the Sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the trading | 23 | |
| 11545384484 | Zanj Revolt | These people were slaves working in south Mesopotamia. In 869, a rebel slave called Ali bin Muhammad led a revolt against Abbasid overlords. The Abbasid rulers only attempted to quash the rebellion in 879 and succeeded entirely in 1883, killing bin Muhammad and the other leaders. | 24 | |
| 11545384485 | Zimbabwe | a country of southern Africa. Various Bantu peoples migrated into the area during the first millennium, displacing the earlier San inhabitants | 25 |
