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AP World History Unit 16 Flashcards

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6755345930BrasiliaCapital City of Brazil built by Kubitschek0
6755357956Land ReformBreaking up large estates and distributing that land to peasants1
6755359563Standard of LivingLevel of Material Comfort which is judged by the amount of goods people have2
6755365841RecessionTemporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced3
6755380354Institutional Revolutionary PartyA Mexican political party founded in 1929, that held power uninterruptedly in the country for 71 years from 1929 to 2000.4
6755426669Federal SystemA governmental system in which power is shared between state governments and a central authority5
6755446273Martial LawTemporary military rule6
6755446274DissidentsGovernment Opponents7
6755449911Nelson MandelaLeader of civil rights protests in South Africa during the 1960s8
6755449912ApartheidA system of institutionalised racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa between 1948 and 19919
6755452309PolitburoThe ruling committee of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union10
6755452310Mikhail GorbachevReformer who, in 1985, became the leader of the Soviet Union11
6755455135GlasnostRussian for "New Openness"12
6755456878PerestroikaGorbachev's reform policy for the Soviet economy and government13
6755500787Boris YeltsinFirst president of the Russian Republic following the downfall of the Soviet Union14
6755506320CISA loose federation of former Soviet territories15
6755510866"Shock Therapy"An abrupt shift to free-market economics which took place in Russia under the leadership of Boris Yeltsin in the early 1990s16
6755520094Lech WalesaOrganizer and leader of the Polish national trade union Solidarity in 198017
6755523065ReunificationFollowing the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989, the communist government of East Germany rapidly weakened and opened its western border18
6755545988Ethnic CleansingThe practice of using violence and forced emigration to remove a specific group of people from a region19
6755550543Zhou EnlaiChinese premier and chief adviser to Mao Zedong from 1949 to 197620
6755557806Deng XiaopingLed a group of practical-minded reformers to seize power and end Mao's cultural revolution21
6755572818Four ModernizationsNew policies in industry, agriculture, technology, and national defense22
6756011922Tiananmen SquareLocated in the Chinese capital of Beijing, in May 1989 student protesters led massive demonstrations against the corruption in the Communist Party23
6756022658Hong KongA thriving business center and British colony on the southeastern coast of China24
6756027508International Space StationProject sponsored by the United States, Russia, and 14 other nations to have a crew of astronauts work on25
6756038370InternetMade communication and access to information almost instantaneous, transforming commerce, education, research, and entertainment.26
6756047074Genetic EngineeringProcess through which scientists are able to introduce new genes into an organism to give that organism new traits27
6756049968CloningThe creation of identical copies of DNA, the chemical chains of genes that determine heredity28
6756059622Green RevolutionThe development of new strains of rice, corn, and other grains that produce greater amounts of food29
6756063965Developed NationsNations with industrialization, transportation, and business facilities for advanced production of manufactured goods30
6756074468Emerging NationsNations that are in the process of becoming industrialized.31
6756077724Global EconomyAll the financial interactions - among people, businesses, and governments - that cross international borders32
6756082959Free TradeThe elimination of trade barriers, such as tariffs, among nations33
6756082960World BankA group of five international organizations which provide grants, loans, and advice for economic development in developing countries34
6756183984International Monetary FundFounded in 1945 to oversee the global financial system35
6756186617World Trade OrganizationMade up of more than 140 member nations, arranges trade agreements and settles trade disputes worldwide36
6756195355Ozone LayerEarth's main protection against the Sun's damaging ultraviolet rays37
6756199759Global WarmingAn increase in the overall temperature of planet earth38
6756208174Sustainable GrowthThe goal of nation's who hope to reduce the negative effect that development has on the environment39
6756210043Nuclear ProliferationThe spread of nuclear weapons production technology and knowledge to nations without that capability40
6756213752Operation Iraqi FreedomUS and British invasion and overthrow of the Iraqi government under Saddam Hussein41
6756236492Universal Declaration of Human RightsDeclaration issued by the United Nations with the goal of protecting basic rights for all mankind, such as the rights to life and liberty and the freedoms of opinion and expression42
6756238977Political DissentThe difference of opinion over political issues43
6756244108Gender InequalityThe difference between men and women in terms of wealth and status44
6756247087Roe vs WadeControversial Supreme Court decision which assured women the right to legal abortion.45
6756427370Gay RightsSeeks to eliminate hate crimes and prejudicial treatment of gay, lesbian, and transsexual individuals and to secure legal recognition of relationships between such individuals as being equal to marriage46
6756434104AIDSA disease spreaded by sexual contact around the world, most of which in Africa.47
6756448951TerrorismThe use of violence against people or property to force changes in societies or governments48
6756451044BioterrorismThe use of biological and chemical weapons in terrorist attacks49
6756611713CyberterrorismPolitically motivated attacks on information systems, such as hacking into computer networks or spreading computer viruses50
6756624954Al QaedaRadical Islamic terrorist group led by wealthy Saudi Arabian businessman Osama bin Laden51
67566265909/11/0119 Arab terrorists hijacked four airliners heading from East Coast airports to California52
6756630895Operation Enduring FreedomIn the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the U.S. government demanded that the Taliban in Afghanistan turn over bin Laden53
6756633706Department of Homeland SecurityNew American presidential cabinet-level office approved by Congress to coordinate domestic security matters among federal, state, and local agencies to prevent future terrorist attacks54
6756636872Patriot ActAntiterrorist bill passed by the US Congress in October, 200155
6756643316Popular CultureEntertainment created for a profit and for a mass audience56
6756644253MaterialismThe Western mindset of placing a high value on acquiring material possessions57
6756648890ColumbineTwo high school students, killing 12 students and 1 teacher trying to take out the "jocks". This event started the installation of metal detectors across the country58
6756673097Global Economic RecessionA worldwide decrease in economic productivity which was sparked by the collapse of the global housing bubble in 200659
6756687532Barack ObamaThe 44th President of the United States and the first non-white President in American History60
6756688506Nationalized Health CareEntitlement program through which all citizens within a country are provided medical financed by their government61
6756689856No Child Left Behind ActEducation law supported by President George W. Bush which holds schools accountable for the academic performance of their students62
6756694296Race to the TopAmerican education fund created in July 2009 by the Obama administration63
6756696839Arab SpringA revolutionary wave of both violent and non-violent demonstrations, protests, riots, coups and civil wars in North Africa and the Middle East64
6756698469Angela MerkelA German politician who is currently Chancellor of Germany65
6756702082Vladimir PutinRussian politician who is current President of the Russian Federation66
6756703471PopulismA political doctrine that proposes that the common people are exploited by a privileged elite, and which seeks to resolve this67
6756703472BrexitThe United Kingdom's prospective withdrawal from the European Union68
6756704345Donald TrumpAn American businessman, television personality, politician, and the 45th President of the United States69

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