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AP World History Unit 1 & 2 Flashcards

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5204027187CultureOne of the 5 AP World themes that deals with: Religions, belief systems, philosophies and ideologies, science/maths/technology, and art and architecture0
5204027188EconomicOne of the 5 AP World themes that deals with: agriculture and pastoral production, trade and commerce, labor systems, industrialization, capitalism, and socialism1
5204027189SocialOne of the 5 AP World themes that deals with: Gender roles and relations, family and kinship, racial and ethnic constructions, social and economic classes2
5204027190HEI (Interactions between humans and the environment)One of the 5 AP World themes that deals with: Demography and disease, migration, patterns of settlement, and technology3
5204027191PoliticalOne of the 5 AP World themes that deals with: Expansion and conflict, political structures and forms of governing, empires, nations and nationalism, revolts/revolutions, regional and global structures, and orginizations4
5204027192MesopotamiaRegion between Tigris and Euphrates rivers that dev. first urban societies started as city states. Included Sumer, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian empires; Men claimed power for fertility, respectable women must be veiled5
5204027193Paleolithic PeopleSmall tribes/bands of people; mainly egalitarian and often exploition of resources and extinction of large animals6
5204027194SumeriansCity states were always competing and that led to conquests by Sumerians7
5204027195BabyloniansCode of Hammurabi; Enforced laws; center for math and learning; unpredictable flooding led to belief of vengeful and angry Gods8
5204027196EgyptWomen were equals, have greater life opportunities, arranged marriage but some freedom after marriage;9
5204027204AnimismBelief in natural power that organizes10
5204027205ShamanismBelief that a certain person has the ability to contact the higher being11
5204027206JudaismMonotheistic; invalidated other Gods which led to constant persecution and exiled; Hebrews were the chosen people of God; influenced Christianity and Islam; no widespread hierarchal12
5204027207ZoroastrianismEmphasis on free will of human kind and everyone needs to choose between good and evil; afterlife; never spread outside of Persia; influenced Judaism and Christianity13
5204027208ChristianityOnly only monotheistic belief besides from Islam and Judaism; Jesus is savior, son of one and only God14
5204027209HinduismCreated during time of war; Created because Aryans invaded India and was a response the need for unity and social structure; reincarnation determined by karma that you could gain by being dutiful in current caste; highest level of living life is varna15
5204027210BuddhismCreated during time of peace; embrace suffering and deny wants and beliefs, no emphasis on higher being; ultimate goal is to find nirvana by ending suffering in current reincarnation life; extremely egalitarian, more accessible version of Hindusism16
5204027211DaoismCreated during time of peace; popular with peasants; opposition to Confucianism; polytheistic; focused on balance, nature, and spirituality; advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events17
5204027212ConfucianismCreated at time of chaos; stressed humanity towards others; respect for parents and ancestors (filial piety); belief that only educated people should govern; respect order of relationships and hold the correct people accountable; mandate of heaven; "Analects" written after Kung Fu-Tzu's death by followers; Confucian thinkers in power often thought that Daoism and Confucianism should be done together; moral example of superiors18
5204027213Qin (Shihuangdi)Legalism lead to really harsh rule. Accepted bureaucracy, reduced aristocracy, ironized army, surplus food=increased food; unified china, erected Great Wall of China; put in system of measurement + Chinese riding; fell due to extreme harshness; teracotta soldiers which showed that there was a lot of power, focused greatly on food, and the excess of resources19
5204027214Han (Wu Di)Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE) learned from Qin mistakes, maintaining the centralized bureaucracy but using on Confucianism as a guiding philosophy20
5204027215MauryanConquered and ruled India using a centralized bureaucratic government; emperor Ashoka collected taxes through this system; Buddhism was prevalent and Ashoka converted his rulers to Buddhism; First centralized empire in India; Ashoka was tolerant of other religions; declined after Ashoka's death21
5204027216GuptaDecentralized, controlled through military source and a sophisticated culture; known as "Golden Age of India", a unification of India; allowed collaborations between local and regional rulers rather than one main rulers; inventions and discoveries in math and science during this time22
5204027217IndiaCaste system with strict gender rules; Hinduism was prevalent religion with Buddhism more favorable for lower classes, slaves, and women23
5204027218GreeceOligarchy, tiered citizenship, slaves were encourage to be freed; Slaves played a major role in Greece economy and civilization; emphasis on citizen responsibility; Assembly in Athens was open to everybody, but majority of citizens couldn't attend; men that could afford to go to assembly were rich ones and that resulted in their partaking in government proceedings; Women played a small role in the patriarchal city states of everywhere but Sparta24
5204027219PersiaPersia was the biggest empire in the world; elaborate cult of kingship, king was perceived as a god; gov. spies from capital were prominent and watched over the low level provincial authority; Persian imperial bureaucracy and court life was a model for most civilizations later in the world; royal road was a path for trade and commerce; often fought with Greek city states25
5204027220Hellenistic EraAge of Cultural Diffusion; Alexander the Great's empire; conquered Persia; Renaissance Age, time of learning and science and maths; Made up of Persians and Greek26
5204027221Alexander the GreatGreek king; Caused for Persians to be concquered by Greek in a "sign of god"; was never happy with a lot of power, became kingly-god from conquests; got conquered by northern border Macedonia27
5204027222MayaRecorded everything, complex math and religious tradition. Compared to Greek City-States28
5204027223TeotihuacanNot a lot is known, known for its knowledge. Traded with the Maya, another city state of MesoAmerica29
5204027224RomeRepublic: Smaller, easier to control, city-states; had wealthy people and control/abuse over lower class; post-monarchy with senate and public assemblies run by upper-class, republic ended because of growth of area; values are rule of law Empire: Larger, unified state (Constantine); nicer to lower class; empire to encompass30
5204027225MocheIn Peruvian Andean Mountains; had 13 river valleys: good irrigation; warrior priests in charge; complex, sophisticated art31
5204027226Qin Shi HuangdiEmperor of China during Qin dynasty; Ordered building of Great Wall of China; Ruled with Legalism which meant strict laws and punishment32
5204027227Order of ReligeonsPolytheism, Hinduism, Judaism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism, Christianity, Islam33
5204027228OligarchyA government ruled by a few powerful people34
5204027229ZigguratsType of temple common to Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians35
5204027230BureaucracyCivil Service the non elected part of government36
5204027231SyncretismCombining beliefs of different religions37
5204027232UrbanizationMovement of people from rural areas to cities38

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