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| 6303837249 | Marker events | Events in history that causes a change in history | 0 | |
| 6303849991 | Perspective | Point of view. View on seeing things differently in different parts of the world | 1 | |
| 6303858485 | Demography | Study of population | 2 | |
| 6303873087 | Migrations | Permanent moves to new locations | 3 | |
| 6303875596 | Push factor | Encourages people to move to a new location | 4 | |
| 6303883193 | Pull factor | Attracts people to that area | 5 | |
| 6303890589 | Intervening obstacles | Physical features that slow down migrations. Ex. Oceans, mountains | 6 | |
| 6303903065 | Cultural diffusion | Spread of cultures and ideas among different areas of the world | 7 | |
| 6303917367 | Bipedalism | Preference of walking erect on two limbs instead of four | 8 | |
| 6303925466 | Primary sources | Evidence from the time period such as objects, artifacts, and remains | 9 | |
| 6303939343 | Paleolithic age (old stone age) | Age where hunting and gathering were used as sources of survival. Continually moved around. Owned no property, no status distinctions, women gathered and men hunted but no real labor distinction. Cave art and painting important. | 10 | |
| 6303996258 | Neolithic revolution (agriculture revolution) | Marker event, transition to agriculture taking over. | 11 | |
| 6304007751 | Pastoralists | First domesticators of animals, remaining semi- nomadic. | 12 | |
| 6304125216 | Independent invention | Agriculture was known as not being apart of cultural diffusion | 13 | |
| 6304146005 | Marker event of neolithic revolution | 1. People settled down, creating private property 2. Division of labor- those who knew how to craft agriculture and those who farmed 3. Social inequality- social classes started. Due to specialized work or ownership of more land 4. Gender equality- men took over and women lost economic power 5. Surplus 6. Religion- polytheism | 14 | |
| 6304214388 | Polytheism | Belief in multiple gods | 15 | |
| 6304233751 | Pottery, metallurgy, textiles | There neolithic craft industries | 16 | |
| 6304255631 | Civilization | 1. Reliable surpluses- large amount of food 2. Specialized occupations- included jobs in government, trade, merchandise, and religion 3. Social class - status distinctions developed 4. Growth of cities- economic, political, social and cultural grew and created cities 5. Complex governments 6. Long distance trade 7. Writing systems- people able to communicate | 17 | |
| 6304320856 | Cultural hearths | Areas where civilizations began to radiate ideas, innovations, and ideologies | 18 | |
| 6304337989 | Mesopotamia | Located in southwest Asia. |  | 19 |
| 6304363283 | Fertile crescent | Land from Mesopotamia to Egypt | 20 | |
| 6304677158 | Sumerians | Non Semitic group that came to lower Mesopotamia that built earliest civilization. Created competing city states | 21 | |
| 6304703955 | Theocracies | Governed by god's or priests. Sargon changed it so kings were in charge | 22 | |
| 6304735963 | Hammurabi | Leader of the Babylonians to conquer Mesopotamia | 23 | |
| 6304746239 | Hammurabi's code | Standards for justice and laws in Mesopotamia. 3 distinct social classes. 1. Free land owning class 2. Dependent farmers and craftsmen 3. Slaves | 24 | |
| 6304776564 | Women | Women lost social standing and freedom with spread of agriculture. Men controlled political and religious life. Could own property and trade | 25 | |
| 6304795908 | Cuneiform | Wedge shaped stuck to mark symbols on tablets | 26 | |
| 6304800706 | Epic of gilgamesh | Story about a flood and shows control god's had over human destiny | 27 | |
| 6304814750 | Ziggurats | Large multistory pyramids constructed by bricks with ramps and stairs | 28 | |
| 6304823356 | Amulets | Worn by people to protect them from evil spirits | 29 | |
| 6304849998 | Cataracts | Egypt was Protected by these and deserts causing very few invasions. Unlike Mesopotamia who was open to invasions | 30 | |
| 6304869534 | Natural environment | Mesopotamia- hot and dry river valley, open to invasions. Flooding unusual so not prepared Egypt- flooding regular. Hot and dry river valley. Isolated | 31 | |
| 6304920305 | Hykos | People from modern day turkey who had superior military power because of bronze weapons | 32 | |
| 6304930472 | Pharaoh | Egypt's government who was a king but know as a god. First Pharaoh was menes. Believed in reincarnations of Horus, the sky god. Gave appointed people authority | 33 | |
| 6305005401 | Social mobility | Ability of individuals to change social status | 34 | |
| 6305029780 | Patriarchy | Men are in control | 35 | |
| 6305118530 | The old kingdom | Pharaoh's most powerful and economy strongest. Success do to the great pyramids as tombs | 36 | |
| 6305132483 | The middle kingdom | Trade became more extensive. Middle class of officials and merchants developed. Invasion by hykos ended the peace | 37 | |
| 6306030274 | The new kingdom | Due to rule of hykos, kingdom gradually weakened to invasion and lost independence | 38 | |
| 6306056405 | Pictographs | Both Mesopotamian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphics used this to represent animals, people and objects | 39 | |
| 6306066248 | Papyrus | New material made to write on developed by the egyptians, made of plants pressed together | 40 | |
| 6306079618 | Polythestic | Mesopotamia and Egyptian religion were both polythestic | 41 | |
| 6306107368 | Dravidian language | Believed Indus valley people spoke this language. | 42 | |
| 6306113501 | Mohenjo daro | Thought they were conquered by Aryans. Indus river valley city | 43 | |
| 6306128017 | Monsoon rains | Fed the rivers in the Indus river valleys. | 44 | |
| 6306139036 | Indus river valley | Had an advanced agricultural system based on wheat, rye, peas and rice. Animals were domesticated. Job specialization developed. Mohenjo daro and harappa huge trading centers. Thought to have a well organized government. Distinctive social classes, powerful priestly class. | 45 | |
| 6306188684 | Rosetta stone | Indus river valley stone writing that was unable to be interpreted | 46 | |
| 6306270777 | Systems failure | no explanation for the end of the indus river valley, thought this happened. Breakdown of the political, social, and economic systems. | 47 | |
| 6306301547 | loess | thick mantle of fertile and soft soil, easy to worked with wooden sticks | 48 | |
| 6306314165 | Huang He River (Yellow) | Home to nomadic groups. Prone to unpredictable flooding. Created the hoe and four-pronged hoe for agriculture. | 49 | |
| 6306334900 | Dynasty | Family based kingdom | 50 | |
| 6306339666 | Xia Dynasty | Dynasty that took control of areas of China | 51 | |
| 6306349760 | Shang Dynasty | Nomadic people who conquered other tribes, founded a kingdom north and south of the Huang He River Valley | 52 | |
| 6306359978 | Vassals | lords who served the king and were bound to him by personal ties. Collected tribute (payment) for the monarch and his court | 53 | |
| 6306364137 | Zhou Dynasty | took over the Shang Dynasty. Developed the growth of responsibility for professional bureaucrats or shi (men of service) | 54 | |
| 6306405879 | 1. Elite 2. Peasant, free artisans, and craftsmen 3. Unskilled workers and slaves | Chinas three main social classes. Merchants and traders weren't included but contained low status due to Confucian values. Women lost status. Matrilineal Characteristic disappeared during the Shang | 55 | |
| 6306454382 | Oracle Bones | Used to talk to ancestors, Shamans were individuals that claimed to have ability to talk to them.Big source of Chinese writing along with pictographs. Also with culture, believed in the mandate of heaven | 56 | |
| 6306493539 | Analects | Book based on the beliefs of Confucianism | 57 | |
| 6306505052 | The Olmec of Mesoamerica | Western part of Mesoamerica. Rarely domesticated animals, no access to large animals. Civilization based on agriculture, had a elaborate draining system to control water. Authoritarian and Hierarchical, priests dominated cities. | 58 | |
| 6306546028 | The Chavin of South America | Little rainfall, Huge food supply due to sea life. Agriculture depended on maize. Llama helped with chores. Politically well organized. | 59 | |
| 6306596257 | Minoan | Civilation of the island of crete which was replaced by the Mycenaeans who were part of the trade network in the Late bronze age. Mycenaeans were always at war. The phoenicians brought Greece and The middle East back together. | 60 | |
| 6306652343 | Polis | City state | 61 | |
| 6306656843 | monarchies | heredity rule by one | 62 | |
| 6306659743 | oligarchies | rule by a few | 63 | |
| 6306661845 | aristocracies | rule by leading families | 64 | |
| 6306665143 | democracies | form of popular government | 65 | |
| 6306666692 | tyrants | military leaders who won popular support against the aristocracy | 66 | |
| 6306690369 | Phonetic alphabet | 22 written letters that each corresponded to a sound in the spoken language by the Phoenicians | 67 | |
| 6306713816 | Athens | Democracy. Urban based aristocracy. Slaves. Women lower status, were citizens but stayed at home. | 68 | |
| 6306713817 | Sparta | Strong military. Self disciplined. People were mostly equal in status, women free and equal with men. | 69 | |
| 6306726626 | Helots | People taken as servants after invasion of Messenia. provided agriculture labor and could not leave the land | 70 | |
| 6306749429 | Hoplites | Heavily armored infantry men who fought in close contact and cooperation together. | 71 | |
| 6306796293 | philosophy | Believed in the natural law. Socrates taught Plato, Plato taught Aristotle. All of this helped create secularism. | 72 | |
| 6306823918 | Hellenic Culture | overall achievement of the greeks during the Classical age | 73 | |
| 6306830947 | Cyrus the Great | First Persian warrior king. Extended land from edge of India to Mediterranean Sea. Continued to expand under his successors, reached maximum extent under Darius I. Success was due to superior military leadership along with the political system. Had satraps help along with his rule. | 74 | |
| 6306871785 | Delian League | Group of cities in Greece under the leadership of Pericles. | 75 | |
| 6306911763 | Peloponnesian War | War between Athens and Sparta. Sparta won. Started due the Athens helping defeat one of Sparta's ally | 76 | |
| 6306923546 | Alexander the Great | Conquered lots of land known to Greece. | 77 | |
| 6306941750 | Hellenistic Age | Spread of Greek Culture to northeaster Africa and western Asia due to Alexander the Great. Hellenistic Synthesis happened when Greeks left home and spread Greek Culture to other lands | 78 | |
| 6310434108 | Republic | a state without a monarch. Rome was a republic until Augustus changed it into an Empire | 79 | |
| 6310455594 | Senate | Instead of being a democracy the governemtn was based on a Group of people called patricians ( Aristocrats who passed positions down to their sons. | 80 | |
| 6310468441 | Plebians | Commoners who made up about 90% of the population in Rome | 81 | |
| 6310484200 | Julius Caesar | Charosmatic patrician general with great sway over soldiers. Killed on the ides of march. | 82 | |
| 6310496692 | Augustus caesar | Became the "consul" of Rome. Helped by saving Rome and creating a strong military. Created the Law of Twelve Tables | 83 | |
| 6310526996 | Pax Romana | "Roman Peace" Time where Rome stayed in peace and prosperity. Trade thrived, economic relief came to the empire. that eventually led to the decline due to the uncertainty of the emperors successor. | 84 | |
| 6310558079 | Patron Client Relationships | Patrons helped those with problems due to wealth. Also those men are known as Paterfamalias, or head of the family. Women still didn't have freedom | 85 | |
| 6310586317 | Punic Wars | War between Rome and Carthage. Burned city down. Took citizens as slaves. | 86 | |
| 6310618977 | Decline of Rome | 1. Defense of a long border was difficult, constantly being invaded 2. trade eventually caused diseases to spead | 87 | |
| 6310800556 | Warring states Period | time of political turmoil with regional warlords challenging authority of the Zhou. Also a Debate on how to solve China's problems | 88 | |
| 6310813090 | Legalism | Humans are naturally evil and only obey authority through force. strict laws, harsh punishments, and sacrifice personal freedom for the state. Used by the Qin dynasty by Shi Huangdi. Which he demanded all books burned of philosophy, ethics, history, and literature only allowing medicine and agriculture books to be spared. | 89 | |
| 6310822511 | Daoism | Created by Laozi, shunned political and military ambitions as lacking morality and meaning. Guided followers toward nature for comfort and understanding. Emphasizes acceptance and individual retreat from society | 90 | |
| 6310839048 | Confucianism | Confucius emphasized importance of hierarchical, harmonious relationships in creation of orderly society. Everyone has a place in society and responsibility's in relationships to other | 91 | |
| 6310874570 | Great wall | Wall in China built by slaves or forced workers during the Qin Dynasty | 92 | |
| 6310881922 | Shi Huangdi | Leader of the Qin Dynasty. Believed in Legalism, destroyed public books, but strengthened by standardizing laws and currencies. Taken over by the Han dynasty | 93 | |
| 6310906336 | Han Dynasty | Had a nonhereditary Bureaucracy and took Confucian influences into the government such as the mandate of heaven. Road systems expanded and silk was a big market item in trade. Merchants were low in social class and Shi were highest regard | 94 | |
| 6310922575 | Forbidden city | City in Han china where only the emperor and his family could live | 95 | |
| 6310947283 | Social classes in Han China | Scholar gently, Free ordinary citizens, and underclass | 96 | |
| 6310965365 | calligraphy | artistic rendering of the written word, skill that's highly prized in Chinese society | 97 | |
| 6310982595 | caste system | social class of hereditary and usually unchangeable status, 4 major varnas or social classes were created. Brahims- highest social class were priests ad scholars Kshatriya- warriors and government officals Vaishya- land owners, merchants, and artisans Shudra- common peasants and laborers | 98 | |
| 6311009268 | Vedas | religious texts that were passed down from generation to generation of Aryans in form of hymns, songs, prayers,and rituals | 99 | |
| 6311021515 | Hinduism | A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms | 100 | |
| 6311025483 | Buddhism | Founder was Siddhartha Gautama , or the Buddha | 101 | |
| 6311040076 | Mauryan Empire | Empire led by Ashoka, and took over the belief of Buddhism. | 102 | |
| 6311047723 | Gupta Empire | Took over after the Mauryan Empire fell apart. Not as big or well governed. Let regional warrior elites a great deal of autonomy to rule their areas. | 103 | |
| 6311063075 | Silk Road | Extended from Xian china to eastern Mediterranean. Exchanged goods especially the silk from china and the horses outside of China. New inventions were made like the stirrup | 104 | |
| 6311086840 | lateen sails | Used on the Indian Ocean trade routes to move goods. Small triangular boat. Spices were moved along the Indian Ocean trade routes | 105 | |
| 6311113659 | Rome | Which Empire did not retain its old identity after it fell during 600 b.c.e to 600 c.e. | 106 | |
| 6315927386 | polytheism | Belief in many gods | 107 | |
| 6315938482 | Judaism | Used the Hebrew bible. Founder was Abraham. This religion had Hebrews suffer a diaspora, scattering of people in different parts of the earth. Was a monotheistic faith. | 108 | |
| 6315981211 | Zoroastrianism | Official religion of the Persian empire | 109 | |
| 6315988771 | Christianity | Founder was Jesus of Nazareth. Appealed to poor due to universal message. Spread by Jesus disciples. Especially Paul who opened it to Greeks and roman's. | 110 | |
| 6316021031 | Atman | Pieces of the spirit that are trapped in physical bodies | 111 | |
| 6316038781 | Hinduism | Believed in karma, dharma, and reincarnation. Highest people can reach moksha. | 112 | |
| 6316057844 | Buddhuism | Believes in nirvana. Contains the four noble truths and the eightfold path. | 113 | |
| 6316082225 | Confucianism | Made by Confucius, read the Analects. Believed in the mandate of heaven and the ying-yang principle. Rests on the principle of reciprocity, notion that people give and take equally within context of five basic relationships of society. Three essential values- xiao, Ren, and Li | 114 |
