the bronze age
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| 231043078 | Hittites | many states emerge in mesopotamia, most formidable- the hittites. speak indo-euro language became power in anatolia around 1700 bce. hills of anatolia contain precious deposits of metals. play big role in international commerce. the king has standard law, demand milit service and labor in exchange for land. | 0 | |
| 231043079 | mycenaean civilization | first early greeks . migrated as illiterate poor nomadic into greek peninsula around 2000 bce. created civilz around 1600 bce. marked by indipendent kingdoms in diff parts of greek mainland heavly influenced by minoan civilization that emerged on island of crete. btwn 1600-1150bce. charecterized by highly centeralized kingdoms. Long trade along middle east. Very warlike and conquered crete 1450 bce. Developed first written script after adapting linear a (undeciphered) Into linear b, only used for storage lists. | 1 | |
| 231043080 | new kingdom egypt | last historical era of Egyptian independence. 1532-1040BCE. between 1640 and 1532 egypt ruled by foreign people for first time, hyksos, and they hated it. did not want to experience foreign rule. new kingdrom established in city of thebes, family kicks out thebes and take full control over egypt. have new policy- territorial expansion in nk, egypt expand from north and south to avoid being conquered again. invade nubia past 6 cataracts to access for gold, conquer it and rule it from napata for 500years. extract a lot of weath, and impose lots of culture on nubians. also move n into syria and palestine- put forts of soldiers throughout area and keep it under egyptian control by allying with northern rulers. brings them into conflict with greate empire hittites and fight great battle in n syria in 1285 between nk egypt and hittites. battle is a draw. hittites and egyptians negotiate settlement over syria-palestine. never before happened expansion very important, new kingdom egypt is time where most cultural change. | 2 | |
| 231043081 | hyksos | control egypt, foreign people that invade egypt from north between 1640 and 1532 bce. hated by egyptians but become egyptians themselves and adopt egyptian culture. egypytian eventually kick them out. | 3 | |
| 231043082 | nubian civilization | region of nubia lies between egypt and subsaharan africa, upper nile river valley. becomes very important because of natural resources and primarily of its gold. egypt influence nubia because they want its gold. nubia kingdom emerge with capital city kerma. 1500 nk egypt conquers nubian kingdom and gets direct control over nubia with capital city nepata. next 500 years nubia absorbs egyptian influence, exploted for gold, population is heavily opressed. nubian civilization stiumulated with contact with egypt- egypt essential in creating civilz. | 4 | |
| 231102257 | kadesh | egyptians and hittites negotiate land agreement over nubia, after fighting a major battle in kadesh in N syria. in kadesh, access to metal resources that were important to gain power- ex copper and tin used to make bronze. | 5 | |
| 231102258 | linear B | writing on clay tablets, early for of greek. tablets are lists of ownership, rations payed, etc. adapted linear a from minoans and used it to create linear b (undecipshered) | 6 | |
| 231102259 | Fall of mycenaean civilization | Disappears around 1150 bce because of large scale population movements, causing lots of disruption In trade network, which affected social and economic systems and then kingdrom collapse. Greek peninsula then enters "dark age. " writing technique forgotton, depopulation, society much poorer. | 7 | |
| 231102260 | minoan civilization | emerged around 2000 bce in island of crete, first civilization in europe with complex polit and social structure. advances in technology with central government, bronze mettalurgy, wiriting (which was adapted by greeds). they had lots of trade connections with egypt, syira, and mesopotamia. absence of a cretan ruler, probably because there was a different concept of authority. | 8 |
